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California, (Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, 

COLORADO, NEBRASKA, DAKOTA, IOWA, ILLINOIS, WISCONSIN, 
MICHIGAN AND MINNESOTA. 




I?i*XCJa, t^S CEISTS. 



THE 






FOR- 



, TOURIST, BUSINESS AND PLEASURE TRAVEL. 

THE POPULAR RESORTS OF 

Califorfiia, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyommg, Colo- 
rado, Nebraska, Dakota, lozva, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
Northern Michigan and Minnesota. 



A GUTDE TO THE LAKES AND KTVERS, TO THE PLAINS AND MOUNTAINS, TO THE 

KESOKTS OP BIKDS, GAME ANIMALS AND FISHES; AND HINTS FOR THE 

( OMMERCIAL TRAVELER, THE THEATRE .MANAGER, THE 



CoMPrr,ED BY W. H. STENNETT, 
I 
General Passenj^cr Agent Chicago ifc North-Western Railway Co. 



I^TJBLISHEID B-X" THE- 






CHICAGO, ILL. 



Entered according to Act of Congre-*, in tlte y«nr 18R0. 

Bv W. H. STENNliTT, 

In tliu Office of tlie Librarian of Congress, at Wa>bingtou, D. C. 



Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



OJCXEMA-L omCEJiS, ETC. 



ALIiERT KEEP. PreilHent, Chicago. 

M. 1,. SYKES, Jk.. VIce-Pres., Sec. and Treas., 83 Wall St., N.Y. 

.MARVIN HimillTT, Qcneral Manager, CMcago. 

C. 0. WHEKI.KIt, Atsislanl (General Suporlulendenl, Chicago. 

H. C. WICKER, Frciglil Trallio M .noKer, Chicago. 

r. Ij. EDDY, (ieneriil iTelgbt Aitent, Chicago. 

W. S. MELI.EN, As'istaiU General Freight Agent, Chicago. 

C. II. KN AIT, nivi-ion Freight Agent, Chicago. 

C. V. McKlNLAY, DIvi.ion Freight Agent, Chicago. 

H. R. McCULl.oUciH, IJiv. Frt. Agt.W.AM. P.R. R., Winona. 

W. H. STENNETT, General Pajiongor Agent, Chicago. 



W. A, THRALL, General Ticket Agent, Chicago. 

E. H. JOHNSON, Chief Engineer, Chicago. 
B. C. COOK, General Solicitor, Chl.jigo. 

M. M. KIRK.MAN, l^ocal Treaj. and General AccounUnt, Chicago. 
*J. B. REDFIELD, Assistant Secretary and Auditur, Chicago 
R. W. ilA MEli, Purchaiing Agent, Chung . 
N. A. PHILLIPS, General Baggage Agent, Ch cago. 
W. F.FITCII, General Claim Auenl, Cliicago. 
G. H. THAYER. Suj. rlntendeul of Telegraph, Chicago- 
a. P. '.O'DWIN, Land Commissioner, Chic;ago. 

F. .M LUCE, Car Accountant, Chicago. 



J>iriSJO}f SUPEKIATEy DENTS. 

CHARLES MURRAY", Superintendent Galena Division and Freeport and Fox River Lines, Chicago. 

J. S. OLU'ER, Superintenclent Iowa Division and Iowa Midland Railnav, Clinton, lotva. 

EDWARD J. CUYLER, Superintendent Wisconsin and Milwaukee and 'Kenosha and Rockford DItUIods, and S. A F. dn L. R. R., Chicago 

C. A. SWI.\EFf>RD, Superintendent Madison Division, Baraboo, Wis. 

S SANBORN, Superintendent Winona A St. Peter R. R., Winona, Minn. 

W. B. LINSLEY, Superintendent Peninsular Division, Escaoaba, Mich. 

GENERAL AGENTS, ETC. 



L. F. BOOTH, Gen'l Eastern Agent, 415 Broadway, New York. 
H. P. STANWOOD, Gen'l Agent, 2 New Montgomery Street, Sa 

Francisco. 
JOHN S. GEORGE, Commercial Agent, Milwaukee, Wis. 



CHARLES ATKINS, General Agent, Council Blu* and Omaha. 
C. H. WISE, Passenger and Freight Agent, 5 State Street, 

Boston, Mass. 
C. H. KNAPP, General Agent, Winona, Minn. 



TRAVEI^ING AGENTS, ETC. 

T.. B. SPAIN. Buffalo, N. Y. | G. L. HARRISON, Chicago. 1 A^"' "',AP?n A VFR^C^c^o 

H. A.POrt'EK, Cin...sc). I G. K.BARNES, Chicago. I CHARLiiS TRAV ER, Chicago. 

IMPORTANT TO WEST BOUND EMIGRANTS. 

E. MIGRANT TKATNS WKST OK OMAHA.— The trains canylnK EmiKrants on the Inion and Central Pacific 
roads, west of Ouiahiv, arc maile up of comfoitat)le couLlies. Tlie passengers arc not crowded In the cars, 
but plenty of rooir \a given. Sleeping cars do not accompany these trains, and the only sleeping facilities 
ofl'ered are those tiiht may be found in any p.assenger coach. The time of these trains is about twelve miles 
per hour, which, making the time from Omaha to San P'rancieco by Kmigrant Trains la eight to nine days, 
gives passengers by them ample time to see the country as tliey move through it. Emigrants can get meals 
at the regular " Ealing Stations " along the line, or they can carry cooked provisions with them, and buy 
coffee or tea at the eating houses, and eat on the train. 

EMIGRANT TICKETS are limited as to time, being good between Chicago and Oniaha for eight fS) days 
from and Including day of sale. At Omaha you exchange this ticket for one of the Union Pacitlc liailroad 
Issue, good for nine days from and Including day of exchange. No "stop-over checks " are Issued on second 
class or emigrant tickets. 

No cars are charterfid by thin Compari)/ on by any' other line for carrying passengers to points west of 
Omaha, as the Union and Central Pacific Railroads exact their full schedule rates from all roads ticketing 
over their lines, without any reference to the number in one party ticketed. 

Emigrants' movables can go on the same train taken by emigrants from Omaba, as through freight cars 
arc attached to emigrant trains. 

Emigrants are n jt allowed to travel in the same freight cars with their effects. "Where parties of twenly- 
flre or upwards arc travi^ling toijether. a special passenger t^ar can be secured so as to keep the partv together, 
without extra cost, but no reduction from the rate can be made, no matter how large the party may be. 

TO AND FROM DENVER. The completion of the Colorado Central Branch of the Union 
Pacific Railroad from Cheyenne to Denver, offers to the traveling public a Short l.lne to all points In 
Colorado and New Mexico, and permits th.- Chicago & North-Wcsteni Kailway to again ask the patronage of 
those traveling between Cliicago and Denver. Passengers desiring to reach any point in Colorado oi- New 
Mexico, will find it to their interest to purchase tickets over the Cliicago & North.Westei;n Railway, whit h at 
all times studies the safety and comfort of Its patrons by adopting, far in advance of all other lines, every 
Improvement known to modern railroading. This Is the best route to take for Fort Collins. Eongitiont. 
Boulder. Golden. Georgetown. Idaho Springs, Central Cltv. Black Hawk. Denver. Colorado Springs. Canon 
City. Pueblo. Trinidad. El Moro, Garland City, Lake City. The San Juan Country. El 1 aso, or .-aiita t e. 

By 
Cheyen 
as these 
in connection with a nauy line oi i nrougn i uumau cieeiJurB innvt-i.;ii > ul...^ ........ ..^ ...... •, ■" j"^,v„;,, ^ ~7'' 

lions are made at Denver with trains of the Denver & Kio Grande Railway for Colorado biirings, Pueblo, etc. 

On this Line we give 
holders of this class of 

make the same lime as Urst class pa88engc.„. .. .-..„ ,i- /^v,i„-™x .^ 

who desire the Lowest Rates and Best Accommodations must buy their Denver Tickets \ la th . Chicago & 
North-Western Railway. 

For Tickets, or further Information, apply to any Coupon Ticket Agent In the country. 

In all cases possible, buy vour Through Tickets from the local Ticket Agent nearest your home, Tou will 
In almost all cases save mone'y by so doing, and can then be certain of getting the tickets you desire. In all 
cases see that your Tickets between Cliicago and Omalia read via Chicago & North-^\ estern Railway. 

NEW '"ORK OFFICE: No. 415 Broadway. BaSTON OFFICE : No. 5 State Street. 

MILWAUKEE CITT TICKET OFFICE : 102 Wisconsin Street. 

ST. PAUL TICKET OFFICE : Corner Third and Jackson Streets. 

CHl('\C.O TICKET OFFICES: 62 Clark Street, under Sherman House; 7.") Canal^orner Madison Street ; 
KInzle Street Depot, corner West Klnzle and Canal Sts. ; AVells Street Depot, corner Wells and Klnzle Sts. 

OMAHA TICKET OFFICES : 215 Farnham Street, corner Fourteenth, and at Union Pacific Depot. 

COUNCIL BLUFFS TICKET OFFICES: Corner Broadway and Pearl Sts., and at C. & N.-W. R'y Depot. 

SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: 2 ^ew Montgomery Street. 



i-e second class accommodation to emigrants destined to Colorado and New Mexico, and 
f tickets are" carried on express trains the entire distance froni Chicago to Denver, and 
3 first class passengers. Fare hv this route always as low as by any other. 1 assengere 









The Puzzled Traveler. 



"I should like to know where this Chicago & North- Western Railway does nof solicit business for,^ 
said Judfre Mason a few days ago to a certain ticket agent at Boston, " for," said he, " last fall my friend 
John Wilson came here to buy a ticket to San Francisco, en route for Japan, and he was told that the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway was the Chicago link in the Trans-Continental Line ; that it was 
the first road built to the Missouri River to connect with the great Pacific roads, and to complete the 
Overland Route ; that it is the only line running Pullman Drawing-Room Palace Cars between Chicago 
and Omaha, ('and that is true to-day' "chipped in" the ticket agent), and that if he wanted to travel on 
the best and safest road in the country, he must get his ticket by this route. He accepted the story as 
true, bought his ticl<etE, and wrote me from 'Friscoe that he would advise all of his friends to try this 
route if they were going to the "Golden State." Later in the season Doctor Dillon was called by telegraph 
to St. Paul to see " Bill " King, an old chum of the Doctor's. The Doctor went to New York, and drop- 
ping into a railway ticket ofiice on Broadway, asked for a ticket to St. Paul, Minn. What do you think he was 
told? Cannot guess? Well, that if he wanted to ride in Pullman Sleepers all the way to St. Paul, that 
he must go over the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company's Chicago, Madison & St. Paul Line, as 
it was the only line that run these celebrated cars between Chicago and St. Paul, or in any part of V- 'sood- 
ein or Minnesota. Of course he bought his tickets by that route, returned by the same route, and has 
ever since been talking about the splendid time he had, what an excellent route it is, and how well he 
was taken care of and used by every one he met connected with the line. He lauds the scenery along the 
route, and names that in the vicinity of Madison and the " Devil's Lake," as being something really won- 
derful. In July last, when my wife and daughter were planning their summer trip, they wished for infor- 
mation about Marquette, Lake Superior, and the routes thereto. Coming here you told them there was 
only one railroad running to that country, and that it was the Chicago & North-Western Line, and that 
it run through Milwaukee, Foud du Lac, Green Bay, etc. Now to-day I come here and want to get to New 
Ulm, in Central Minnesota, where I have lands that need looking after, and you tell lae the only way 
I can get there from Chicago is over the Chicago & North-Western Railway. This beats anything I have 
ever heard. Here is Omaha and San Francisco directly west of Chicago, Marquette 400 miles north of 
Chicago, St. Paul 400 miles northwest of Chicago, and New Ulm lying about half way between St. Paul 
and Omaha, and fully 450 miles from Chicago, and you say go by the Chicago & North-Western Railway 
if you would reach any or all of them. I would like to know how all this can be true I " " My dear s^ir," 
said the genial ticket agent, "your story is all true. The Chicago & North-Western Railway is a great 
anstitutiou, and has Hues radiating from Chicago like the fingers on the human hand, and reaching all 
important points in the West, North and Northwest." Talcing down his map he showed the "puzzled 
traveler" something of the various lines we propose to describe. 

Dialogues similar to the above may be heard daily in some ticket office in or out of Boston. It 
is then to make clear to other puzzled travelers a few facts about this great road, and to show you where 
it is, what it is, and what it can do for you, that this little book is written. We describe routes of travel 
that arc owned and operated by the Chicago & North-Western Railway Company, and those closely iden- 
tified with its interests and that form its immediate connections. All points named in the book can be 
reached directly by this line, and to the larger proportion it is the only route by which they can be reached. 

The index published herewith will be found to be full, and can be consulted with profit not only by 
travelers but by railway ticket sellers everywhere. The pages it refers you to will give you such informa- 
tion and advice as may be of great value to you in determining the route you should take tf> '•each the 
desired destination. 

n „o oi T> T^ * THE COMPILER. 

General Passenger Department 

Chicago & North-Western Raii^wat 
Chicdgo, Hi. 



.cW* 



* ^Itl -^ 



CONTENTS. 



Across the Mississippi. 
R. It. . . 



PAGE 
15 

Aiiiericim Folk R. It. 34 

Ausl lii 1 i a 85 

Britisli Columbia 89 

BuiUii^ioi;, Cedar Kiiplds & Minnesota Ry 19 

BurliiiKioii iV .MIesoui'i, of Nebraslca 82 

t'ontrul llallroadof Iowa 20 

Cliippewa I'ulls iV Wesicra Ry 87 

Cluiip Lands for t lie lariner 68 

CliU'at.'<), Duluicjuc Ai Lii Crosse 15 

Clii(;a;,'o, l>ul)ii(ii:c iV; Minijosola Ry 15 

Chica-o, .Madihun & St. I'aul Line 76 

Cliicago, Green Hay & Laice Superior Line 48 

Colorado 82 

Coniniutatiou Rates, Galena Division 9 

CoiniiuitaiiDn Rates, Mllwauitee Division 103 

Ciiiinuutatiun Hales, Wisconsin Division 50 

Cuiicludlu^ Iteniarlis 119 

Consolidation 5 

Cortland A: yycanioie R. R H 

Daliota Southern Iv. R 21 

Davenport & St. I'aul Ry lli 

Des Moines & Ft. Dodge U. It 21 

Des Moines & Minnesota It. It 21 

Elroy Route 70 

Flue Lands at Low Rates 98 

Freeport & Dubuque l..ine 42 

From Marquette to Dulutli 71 

From Kenosha to RockforU 115 

Galena Division Chicago & North-Western Ry — 9 

Game Laws.... 110 

Green Hay & Minnesota R. R 66 

H Istorlcal. 1 

Idaho 84 

Iron Mines and Furnaces 23 

Kansas City, St. .Joseph & Council Bluft's R. R 82 

Kenosha & Rockford R. R 115 

La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott R. K 97 

Lake Geneva Line. 45 

Lake Superior & Mississippi K. R 91 

Lake Talwe 88 

Manitoba 93 

McAllister Mineral Springs 107 

Mileage 1 

Milwaukee 108 

Milwaukee Division 103 

Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western R. R 113 

Minnesota. 89 



PAGB 

Montana ... 34 

New Zealand... 3& 

Northwestern I'nlon Ry 112 

North Wisconsin Ry 8i 

Oniuha <fc Califcjrnia Line T 

Omaha <fc Northwestern K. Jl. 32^ 

Oregon.. 39 

Red River Valley of the North 92 

Rich Lands at Low Rates 88 

Rockford, Itock Island & St. Louis K.K. 14 

Itonles 1 

Itciite to Black Hills 25 

Route to China and Japan 35 

liiuie to Green Lake 60 

Route tost. Paul and Minneapolis 78 

Route to tlie I'acillc Coast 85 

Sai^auna.^h MiiitTHl Springs 107 

Sheboygan tV lond du Lac Jt. R 38, 115 

Silver and Copper Mines 73,74 

Sioux City & I'acltlc It. R. 23 

Southern .Minnesota It. K. 16 

Hparta and vicinity 96 

Stan wood & Tipton R. It 17 

St. Paul it I'aclHc Rv 93 

Suburban Trains Milwaukee Division 103 

Synopsis of Game Laws 116 

The Geysers of California 88- 

Tlie Geysers of Montana 85 

The Northern Pacitlc Ry 91 

The Westward Line 3 

The Winona& St. Peter Ry 98 

Toledo & Northwestern B. R 20 

To Sparta, Winona, and beyond 96 

To the North and Northwest 48 

Up the Lake Shore — 113 

I'tah Central Ry 33 

Itah Northern Ry 83 

\'irginlaifc Truckee R. R 35 

"Washington Territory 39 

"Waukegan Magneslan Mineral Springs 106 

Westeri Lfnion R. R H 

"Westward -'Vgain 35 

West Wisconsin R. R 86 

Wisconsin 53 

Wisconsin Central R. R 03 

Wisconsin Valley R. R S") 

Yosemite 36 

Yosemlte, Routes to the :... 1U9 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Agnes Park 29 

Amphitheatre. Echo Canon 40 

Arlington Heights 43 

Ayer's Hotel 45 

Beaunuin'. House 62 

Castle Uock 83 

City Aqueduct 85 

Clin House and Seal Rocks 108 

Clinton, lowu \5 

Cook s 1 1 ol c 1 49 

Council Uliitfs and Omaha Bridge 81 

Custer's Park 30 

Devil's Gate, Webet Canon 88 

Dixon, lli 13 

Dubuoue's Grave 115 

Eagle Point 117 

Elkhart Lake 105 

Falls of Minnehaha 72 

Falls of St. Anthony 73 

Kerry Hail 95 

First National Hotel 49 

Gl tche Gumrae 69 

Glen Flora Hotel 100 

Grand Central Hotel 32 

Great Salt Lake 112 

Hani;lng Rock 113 

Head ot the Boyer 22 

Highland Hall 97 

IngriitiaMis Gold Fish Pond 98 

III the Vosemlte 110,111 

Iron .Mines and Ore Train 53 

Ishpcniing— its hotel S4 

Lake I )ells 104 

Lake Forest Academy ill 

Lake Forest Seminary 93 

Lake Minnetonka 77 

Lake MInnetonka {2d) 78 

Lake Side Hotel 63 

Miigone Falls 48 

M an ka to 90 

Marouette 61 



PAGB 

McAllister Springs 10' 

Milwaukee In 1835 102 

Mineral Dock 51- 

Minneopa Falls 83 

Mlnneopa Falls in Winter 89 

Mineral Springs, Sparta — 80 

Near Evanstoii 92 

Northwestern Hotel '.. 58 

Oak Grove House 76 

Oakwood House 46 

On the Baraboo 67 

On the St. Croix . . 70 

Perch Lake 82 

Public School 44 

Pulpit Rock 69 

Pyramid Hock 64 

Rock River University 14 

Routes to the Yosemlte 109 

Sherwood Forest 47 

Sioux Falls 23 

Skillet Creek 6ft 

Stephenson County Court House 41 

Table Rock : 2« 

Teal Lake . 52 

The Buttes. Winona 85 

The Chapel, Mt. Vernon.. 18 

The Clllt' House ." 65 

The Dalles of St. Croix 71 

The Dall-i' ,'.. '.ho St. Louis 79 

The Mil. i, Minneapolis 74 

The Poi:.f 57 

The State Capitol, Sacramento 106 

The Tabernacle, Salt Lake City 36 

Trout Falls 81 

Turkey River Bluff. 118 

Walker House »4 

Warner House 84 

White Bear Lake 75 

Whiting House 42 

Winona 8'j 

Willow River Falls 6& 



INDEX, 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Ableman's, Wis 85 

Ackley, la 20 

Addisout 111 10 

Afton, Wis T8 

Albany, 111 14 

Albany, Oregon 40 

Albany, Wis "T!) 

Albert Lea, Minn 16, 100 

Albia, Iowa 20 

Alden, 111 llti 

Alden, Minn 16 

Alexandria, Minn 93 

Algonquin, m 45 

Allen's Grove, Wis 54 

Alma,Minn 101 

Almont, la 41 

Amboy, 111 13 

Ames, la 21 

Amherst, Wis 63, 67 

Anamosa, la 41 

Ankeuy, low a 21 

Anoka, Minn 95 

Antioch, 111 105 

Apple River, 111 44 

Appleton, Wis 03 

Arcadia, la 22 

Arcadia, Wis 67 

Argenta, Mont 34 

Argona, la 21 

Argyle,Ill 116 

Ai-lington Heights, 111 50 

Ashland, Neb 32 

Ashton, 111 12 

Astoria, Oregon 40 

Auburn, Cal. 35 

Auckland,N.Z 35 

Audubon, Minn 93 

Audubon Lake, Minn 93 

Aucrnsta, Wis 86 

Austin,Ill 10 

• Ar.stin, Minn 19 

Aztalan, Wis 56 

Bagley, Mich. 69 

Baker City, Idaho 34 

Baldwin, la 41 

Baldwin, Wis 88 

Bangor, Wis 97 

Baraboo, Wis b5 

Barrington, 111 51 

Barton, Wis 112 

Bassetts, Wis 116 

Batavia, 111 11 

Battle Creek, Neb 30 

Battle Mountain, Nev 35 

Bayfield, Minn 7» 

Bay View, Wis 108 

Bear Valley, Minn 99 

Beatrice, Neb 32 

Beaver, la 21 

Beaver, Minn 102 

Beaver Dam, Wis 56 

Becker, Minn 95 

Belle Plaine, 111 103 

. Belle Plaine, la 19 

Bellevue, la 16 

Belgium, Wis 113 

Beloit, Wis .. 78 

Belvidere, 111 43 

Benton, 111 107 

Berlin, Wis 56 

Bertram, la 18 

Birch Creek, Mich 69 

Big Lake, Minn 95 

Big Suamioo, Wis 67 

Bismark,Dak 93 

Blackberry, 111 11 

Black Hawk, Col 33 

Black Kiver Falls, Wis 86 

Blair, Neb 24, 29 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Blairstown, la 19 

Blencoe, la 24 

Bloomington, 111 13 

Blue Cut, Iowa 41 

Bluflf Side, Wis 98 

Boise City, Idaho 34 

Boone, la 21 

Boonesboro, la 21 

Bowmanville, 111 103 

IJozeman, Mont 34 

Brainerd, Minn 92 

Brandon, Wis — 56 

Breckenridge, Minn 94 

Bristol, Wis 116 

Brodhead, Wis 78 

Brookfleld, Wis 55 

Brooklyn, Wis 79 

Brookside, Wis 67 

Bro^'nsvilie, Minn 16 

Bryan, Wy. Ter 33 

Bryant, la 41 

Buena Vista, la 16 

Burlington, Wis 55 

Burnett Junction, Wis 56 

Burns, Jlinn 102 

Byron, Minn 99 

Byron, Wis 56 

Calamine, Wis 13 

Calamus, la 16 

Caledonia, III 116 

Caledonia, Minn 93 

Calhoun,ITcb 29 

Calienta, Cal 35 

California Junction, la 24 

Calistoga, Cal 35 

Calvary, 111 103 

Camanche, la 16 

Camp Douglas, Wis 86 

Canfield, 111 50 

Canon City, Coi 33 

Canton, la 41 

Capron, 111 116 

Carroll, la 22 

Carroll, Mont 93 

Carson, Nev 35 

Carpenterville, 111 45 

Cary, 111 E3 

Cascade, W. T 40 

Castana, la 23, 24 

Cataract, Wis — 97 

Cavoits, Wis 68 

Cazenovia, Wis 85 

Cedar Falls, la 19 

Cedar Lake, Minn 90 

Cedar Rapids, la 18 

Center Junction, la 41 

Centralia, Wis 86 

Central City, Col 33 

Centreville, Utah. 34 

Ceresco, Wis 58 

Charlotte, la 41 

Cbatfteld, Minn 99 

Chelsea, la .-. : 19 

Chemung, 111 116 

Cherry Valley, 111 43 

Chester, Minn 99 

Chester, Wis 56 

Cheyenne, Wyo. 32, 33 

Chippewa Falls, Wis ^7 

Claremont, Minn 99 

Clarence, la 17 

Clarksvillc, la 19 

Clayton, la 16 

Clear Creek, Wis 112 

Clear Lake, Minn 95 

Clear Water, Minn 95 

Clermont, la 19 

Clevelana, Minn 101 

Clinton, la 15 

(5) 



PLACE AND STATE. PAOB 

Clinton Junction, Wis 55 

Clintonville, 111 42 

Cloverdale,- Cal 35 

Clyman, Wis 56 

Coleta, HI 14 

Colfax, Cal 35 

Colo, la 20 

Colorado Springs, Col 33 

Columbus, Neb 32 

Columbus, Wis 56 

Como, HI 14 

Concord, Minn 99 

Cordova, 111 14 

Corinne,Utah 34 

Cortland, 111 11 

Coteau, Minn 102 

Cottage Hill, 111 10 

Cotton wood, Minn 102 

Council Bluffs, la 30 

Council Hill, 111 44 

Courtland, Minn 102 

Covington, Neb 24 

Crescent, la 30 

Creston, 111 12 

Crete, Neb 32 

Crookston, Minn 95 

Crowell, iNeb 29 

Crystal Lake, 111 45,52 

Dakota City, Neb 24, 29 

Dalles City, Oregon 40 

Dane, Wis 80 

Darien, Wis 55 

Darlington, Wis 55 

Davenport, la 14, 16, 17 

Davis, Wis 55 

Davis Junction, Iowa 25 

Dartf ord. Wis 58 

I'ayton, Minn 95 

Decatur, Neb 24, 29 

Deer Lodge, Mont 34 

DeKalb, 111 11 

Delavan, Wis 55 

Delaware, la 17 

Del van, Minn 16 

Delhi, la 17 

Deloit, la 23 

Delmar Junction, la ..... 16 

Dement, 111 12 

Denison, la 23 

Denver, Col 33 

DePere, Wis 65 

Des Moines, la 21 

DeSoto, Neb 32 

Desplaines, 111 50 

Detroit, Minn 93 

Devil's Lake, Wis 81 

DeWitt, la 16 

Dexterville, Wis 67 

Dheinsville, Wis 112 

Dixon, 111 12 

Dodge Center, Minn 99 

Dodge City, Minn 100 

Dover, Minn 99 

Dowville, la 23 

Dubuque, la 13, 16, 19, 44 

Duck Creek, Wis 67 

Duluth. Minn 73,91 

Dundas, Minn 100 

Dundee, 111 45,113 

Dunlap, la 23 

Dunlcith, 111 .. . 44 

Durand, Wis 55 

Dutch Flat, Cal 35 

Dysart, la 19 

Eagle, Wis 55 

> agle Lake, Minn 101 

Fust Side, la 22 

Kau Claire, Wis 86 



Index. 



PLAC^ AND STATE. PAGE 

Eddyvillo, la 20 

Edeii, Wis 113 

Edgerton, Wis 55 

Eldora. In 20 

Eldonido, Wis 58 

Eldridge, la 16, 17 

El-,'iu,lll 42 

Elgin, Minn 99 

Elk Grove, 111 50 

Elkhart Lake, Wis 115 

Elkhorn, Wis 55 

Elko, Nev 35 

Elk Point, Dak 24,25 

Elkport, la 16 

Elk River Junction. la 16 

ElkUiver, Minn 95 

Elinhiust, 111 10 

Elroy, Wis 86 

Emerald (irovc. Wis 55 

Empire City, Oregon 40 

Escanaba, Mich 69 

Eugene City, Oregon 40 

Eureka, Wis 62 

Evans, Col 32, 33 

Evanston, 111 103 

Evansville, Wis 79 

Evanston, Wyo a3 

Everett, Neb 29 

Excelsior, Minn 90 

Eyotii, ilmn 99 

Fairfax, la 19 

Fairhaven, Minn 95 

Faribault, Minn 100 

Farley, la 19 

Farmnigtou, Utah 34 

Fargo, Minn - 93 

Fayette, la 17 

Fergus Falls, Minu 93 

Fish Creek, Minn 97 

Flagg, 111 12 

Florence, Neb 32 

Fond du Lac, Minn 91 

Fond du Lac, Wis 56 

Fontanelle, Neb 29 

Footville, Wis 7rf 

Fort Abercrombie, Minn 93 

Fort Atkin-on, Wis 55 

Fort Benton, Mont 93 

Fort Dod;,a', la 21 

Fort Fred Steel, Wyo 33 

Fort liarry, U. N. A 93 

Fort Howard, Wis 65 

Fort Sanders, Wyo 33 

Fort Seward, Minn 93 

Fort Sully, Dak 102 

Fort Thompson, Dak 102 

FortTotten, Dak 93 

Fort XVadsworth, Dak 93 

Fox Lake, Wis 56 

Fox Ifiver, Wis 116 

Forreston, 111... 13 

Forest City, Minn 95 

Forest Lake, Minn 91 

Franklin, 111 12 

Frazier City, Jlinn 93 

Fredericksburg, 111 10 

Freeborn, Minn 100 

Freeport, 111 44 

Fremont, Neb 24, 29 

Fremont, Wis 62 

Fulton. Ill 14 

Galena, 111 13,44 

Gait. Ill 14 

Garden I'rairie, 111 43 

GoU'sville, Wis 93 

Garry Owen, la 41 

Gayville, Dak 26 

Geneva, 111 10 

Genoa, Wis 46, 116 

Genoa Junction, Wis 46, 116 

Georgetown, Col 'Si 

Gcrniautown, Wis 112 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Gilberts, 111 42 

Gill's Landing, Wis 62, &i 

Gilroy, C'al 35 

Glenbeulah, Wis 115 

Glencoe, 111 104 

Glendale, Wis 96 

Glen Flora, 111 105 

Glidden, la 22 

Glyndon, Minu ' 93 

Gold Hill, Col 33 

Gold Hill, Nev 35 

Golden City, Col 33 

Goose Lake. la 41 

Gordon's Ferry, la 16 

Gower's Ferry, la 17 

(trand Detour, 111 13 

Gcand Island, Neb 32 

Grand Junction, la 21 

Grand Mound, la 16 

Grand Rapids, Wis 67 

Granite Falls, Minn 102 

Granville, Wis 112 

Greeley, Col 35^ 33 

Green Bay, Wis 65 

Green Bay Junction, Wis 86 

Green Lake, Wis 58 

Green River, Wyo .33 

Grinnell, la 20 

Grundy Centre, la 20 

Gatteuberg, la 16 

Hainesville, 111 105 

Hammond, Wis 88 

Hampton, 111 14 

Hampton, la 20 

Hancock, Mich 74 

Hanover, Wis 78 

Harlem, 111 4, 10 

Harper's Ferry, la 16 

Harvard, 111 52 

Havana, Minn 99 

Haven, Iowa 19 

Ilavelock. Ill 103 

Ilawley, Minn 93 

Hebron, 111 116 

Hebron, Wis 116 

Helena, la 19 

Helena, Mont 34 

Herman, Neb 24, 29 

Hersey, Wis 97 

Ileytmans, la 17 

I Highland Park, 111 . . . 104 

Highwood. Ill 105 

Hillsborough, Wis 85 

Hinckley, Minn 91 

Honey Creek, la 30 

Houghton, Mich 74 

llollister, Cal ' 35 

Hong Kong, China 35 

Honolulu, S. 1 35 

Hokah, Minn 16 

Hopkinton, la 17 

Hooper, Neb 29 

Houston, Minn 16 

Hudson, Wis 88 

Huntley, 111 42 

Humboldt, Nev 35 

Ibena, Miun 102 

Idaho City,Idaho 34 

Idaho Springs, Col 33 

Ida Grove, fa 24 

Independence. la 19 

Iowa Ccniie, la 21 

Irving Park, III 50 

Ironton, Wis 85 

Ishpeming, Mich 70 

Isle Rovale, Mich 71 

Itaska.'Minu 95 

Ives Station, Wis 108 

.Jackson, \Vis 112 

Jacksonville, Oregon 40 

Jamestown, Minn 93 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Jamestown, Neb 29 

Janesville, Minn 101 

Janesville, Wis 55 

Jeflferson, Wis 56 

Johnson, Wis 55- 

Johnson Centre, Wis 55 

Johnson's Creek, Wis 56 

Judd, Wis 78 

Julesburg, Neb 32 

Junction, 111 10 

Juneau, Wis 5& 

Kandiyohi, Minn 94 

Kasota, Minn 101 

Kasson, Minn 99 

Kaukauna, Wis 65 

Kaysville, Utah 34 

Kearney, Neb 32 

Kekaska, Wis 56 

Kelley, Iowa 21 

Kelton. Utah 34 

Kendalls, Wis 9* 

Kenosha, Wis 107 

Kewaskum, Wis 112 

Kingston, Minn 95 

Kirkwood, Wis 85 

Kishwaukee, III 52 

Kloman, Mich 69 

Kohlsville, Wis 112 

Koshkonong, Wis 65 

Lac-qui-parle, Minn 102^ 

La Croscent, Minn 16 

Lacrosse, Wis 16,98 

LaFox, lU 11 

La Salle. HI 13 

Lake Benton, Minn 102 

Lake City, Minn 99 

Lake Forest, 111 105 

Lake (Jeneva, Wis 46 

Lake Kampeska, Minn 102 

Lake Michigamme, Mich. .... 72 

L:ike Alills,~Wis 56 

Lake Shetek, Minn 102 

Lake Side, HI 104 

Lake View, 111 : 103 

Lake Walusa, Wis 79 

Lake Zurich, 111 51 

]>amartine. Wis 58 

L:itnoille, la 20 

Lanark, HI 14,45 

Lane, III 12 

Lanesboro, AUnu 16 

L' Ansa, Mich 72 

Lansing, la 16 

La Porte, la 19 

Laporte, Neb 30 

Laramie, Wyo 83 

Lathrop, Cal 35 

I»velle, Wis 85 

Lawrence, 111 53 

Le Grand, la 20 

Leavenworth, Minn. 102^ 

Leo Centre, 111 12 

Lehi, Utah .34 

Lena, 111 13,44 

Lewiston, Minn 99- 

Liberty ville, HI 105 

Lindwerm, Wis 112 

Lincoln, Neb 32 

Lincoln, .Minn 99 

Linn, la 19 

Lisbon, la 17 

Li-comb, la 20 

Litchticld, Minn 94 

l.ittJe Chute, Wis 65 

Little Kaukauna, Wis 65 

Lillle Suamico, Wis 67 

Little Sioux, la. 24 

Litchtleld, Minn 94 

Lodi, 111 11 

Lodi, Wis 81 

Log'in, la 23 

Logan, Neb 29 



Index, 



Vll 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Logan, Utah ifS 

Logansville, Wis 85 

Lombard, 111 10 

Lone Tree, Neb 32 

Long Prairie, Minn 93 

Los Angeles, Cal 35 

Loudon, la ^l 

Low Moor, la 16 

Lowell, Wis 5*> 

Luzerne, la 19 

Lyle, Minn 19 

Lyons, la 41 

Lyons, Neb 29 

Lytles, Wis 98 

Lyndon.lll 14 

Madison, Neb 30 

Madison, Wis 79 

Magnolia, Wis 'i'8 

Malade, Idaho 34 

Malone, la 16 

Malta, ni 12 

Manitoba, B. N. A 93 

Manitou, Col 33 

Manitowoc, Wis 113 

Mankato, Minn 101 

Mankato Junction, Minn lul 

Mantorville, Minn 99 

Maple, Neb 29 

Maplewood, 111 50 

Mapleton, la 24 

Maquoketn, la 16, 41 

Marengo, 111 43 

Marinette, Wis o9 

Marion, Minn 99 

Marion, la 19 

Marshall, Minn 102 

Marshall, Wis 56 

Marshalltown, la 20 

Marshfield, Wis 63 

Marshland, Minn 98 

Marquette, Mich ^1 

Marysville, Cal 35 

Mason City, la 20 

Mazeppa, Minn 9t) 

Massillon, la 17 

Mauston, Wis 85 

Mayville, Wis 56 

Mayfield,Wi8 112 

Maywood, 111 10 

McGregor, la 16 

McHenry, Dl 45 

McGilroy 8 Ferry, Wis 98 

McConnell's Grove, 111 44 

Mechanicsville, la 17 

Meckling, Dak 26 

Medford, Minn 100 

Melrose, 111 10 

Melrose, Minn 97 

Melbourne, Aust 35 

Menasha, Wis 6.3 

Mendota, Wis 80 

Menomonee, Mich 69 

Menomonee, Wis 88 

Menomonee Falls, Wis 112 

Meriden, Miuu '. lOO 

Merrimac, Wis 81 

Merrillan, Wis 67 

Midway, la 21 

Midway, Wis 98 

Milburiie, 111 105 

Millidgeville, 111 14 

Mill Rock, lov.a 41 

Milton Junction, Wis 65 

Milwaukee, V/is 108 

Minnesota Junction, Wis .... 50 

Mindoro, Wis 97 

Mineral Point, Wis 13 

Minonk, Ul 13 

Minnesota City. Minn 99 

Minneapolis, Miun 90 

Missouri Valley Junction, la. 23 

Modale, la 24 

Moingoua, la 21 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Moline, 111 14 

Montrose, 111 50 

Montour, la 20 

Mondamin, la 24 

Monmouth, la 41 

Monticello, la 17, 14 

Monticello, Minn 95 

Monroe, Wis 44, 78 

Monterey, Cal 35 

Moorhead, Minn 93 

Morris, Minn 94 

Morrison, III ' 14 

Mount Carroll, 111 14,45 

Mount Vernon, la 17 

Mount Prospect, 111 50 

Munster, Wis 116 

Nachusa, HI 12 

Napa, Cal 35 

Nashville, la 41 

Nederlaud, Col 33 

Neenah, Wis 63 

Negaunee, Mich 70 

Nelson, 111 13 

Neleigh City, Neb 30 

Neosho, Wis 5ti 

Nevada, la 21 

New Cassel, Wis Hi 

New Glarus, Wis 79 

New Hampshire, 111 4 i 

New Jefferson, la 21 

New London, Wis t)2, (iO 

New Sharon, Iowa 20 

New Ulm, Minn 102 

Newton, la 20 

Newton, Neb 3J 

Nicollet, Minn 102 

Nickerson, Neb 29 

Niles, Cal 35 

Nora, lU 13,44 

Nora Junction, la 19 

Nordland, Minn 102 

Norfolk, Neb 80 

Normal, 111 13 

Norman, Minn 93 

North Evanston, 111 103 

North Freedom, Wis 85 

North McGregor, la 16 

North Pacitic Junction, Minn. 91 

North Platte, Neb 32 

Northfleld, Minn 100 

Northport, Wis 62 

Northwood, la 20 

Norway, la 19 

Norwalk, Wis 96 

Norwood, 111 50 

Oak Center, Wis 56 

Oak Creek, Wis 108 

Oak Park, 111 10 

O.ikdale, Neb 30 

Oakfield, Wis 56 

Oakland,Neb 29 

Oconto, Wis 67 

Oconomo woe, Wi s 56 

Ogden, la 21 

Ogden, Utah 33 

Oiidensburg, Wis 67 

Okaman, Minn 101 

Okee, Wis 81 

Olmsted, Minn 99 

Olympia, W. T 40 

Omro, Wis 56,02 

Omaha, Neb • 3~ 

Oiiawa, la 24 

Onalaska, Wis 97 

Onslow, la 41 

Ontario, la 21 

Ontario, Wis 80 

Ontonagon, Mich 74 

Oregon City. Oregon 40 

Oregon, Wis 79 

Oronoko, Minn 99 

Orouo, Minn 95 



P-jACB and STATE. PAGE 

Orford, Wis 78 

Orangeville, 111 44 

Oroville, Cal 35 

Oshkosh, Wis 61 

Oshawa, Miuu 102 

Oskaloosa, Iowa 20 

Osterdock, la 16 

Osceola, 111 45 

010, la 24 

Otter Tail City, Minn 93 

Ottumwa, la 20 

Owatonna, Minn 99 

Owego, Minn 93 

Oxford Mills, la 17 

Ozark, la 41 

O'Neill City, Neb 30 

Palatine, 111 50 

Palisade, Nev 35 

Palmyra, Wis 55 

Paola, Wis 79 

Park Ridge, 111 50 ' 

Parkers, Minn 93 

Pecatonica, 111 43 

Pembina, Dak 93 

Pensaukee, Wis 67 

Perham, Mi nn 93 

Peshtigo, Wis 68 

Petaluma, Cal 35 

Pewaukee, Wis 56 

Pine City, Minn 91 

Pine Creek, Wis 98 

Pine Island, Minn 99 

Plainview, Minn 99 

Plank Road, 111 50 

Platteville, Wis 13 

Pleasant Grove, Minn 99 

Pleasant Prairie, Wis 116 

Plover, Wis 67 

Plum River, 111 44 

Plymouth, Wis. 115 

Pokegama Falls, Minn 92 

Polk City, la 21 

Polo, HI If 

Poplar Grove, 111 116 

Portage Lake, Mich 74 

Portage, Wis 56 

Port Byron, 111 14 

Port Towiisend, W. T 40 

Port Washington, Wis 113 

Portland, Oregon 35 

Portlandville, Iowa 24, 25 

Postville, la 19 

Poynette, Wis . . 81 

Prairie, Minn 102 

Prairie aux Isle, Minn 98 

Prairie du Chien, Wis 16 

Prairie du Sac, Wis 81 

Princeton, Minn 95 

Princeton. Wis 61 

Prospect Park, 111 10 

Prophetstown, 111 14 

Provo, Utah 34 

Puget Sound, Oregon 35 

30 



Quarry, la 

Racine, Wis 107 

Racine Junction, W 18 107 

Ramsey, Minn 16 

Ravenswood, HI 103 

Ravinia, 111 104 

, Rawlings, Wyo 33 

Redding, Cal 39 

Red Wing, Miuu .. 99 

Rcdwooil Falls. Mmn 94, .102 

Reedsburg, Wis 85 

Reno, Nev 35 

Richmond, HI 4b 

Rich wood. Wis 56 

Ridgencld, 111. 52 

Ridgeland, 111 10 

Ridott,Hl 44 

liingwood, HI 45 



Index. 



PLACE AND STATE. PAGE 

Ripon. Wis 68 

River Forest, 111 10 

River Sioux, la 24 

Roclu'lle, 111 12 

Rochester, la 17 

Rochester, Minn 99 

Rorktield, 111 19 

Kocktlekl, Wis 112 

KocUrord, 111 43 

Rock Islaud, 111. . . ... 14 

Rock Island Junction, 111 14 

Rocktoii, Wis 55 

Rojieis Park, lil 103 

Rome Corners, Wis. , . 79 

Roscoe. Ill 78 

Rosehill. Ill 103 

Roseburfrh, Oregon 40 

Rosendiile, Wis 58 

RouiKl Grove, 111 14 

Royalton, Wis 62, 67 

Rush City. Minn 91 

Rushford, Minn. 16 

Sabula, la 15 

Sacramento, Cal 35 

Salem, Oregon 40 

Salem, Wis ... 116 

Salina.s Cal 35 

Sali.x. la 24 

Salt Lake City, Utah . 33 

San Diego, Cal 35 

San Francisco, Cal 35 

San Jose, Cal 35 

Santa Barbara, Cal 35 

Santa t'lara, Cal 35 

Santa Cruz, Cal 35 

Santa Rosa, Cal 35 

Santiago. Minn. 95 

Saratoga, Minn 102 

Sargeant's Hluff, la 24 

Sauk City, Wis 81 

Sauk Rapids, Minn 95 

Savanna, 111 14, 45 

Saylor, la 2t 

Scales Mound, HI 44 

Scandinavia, Wis 67 

Schuyler, Neb 32 

Scraiiton, la 2t 

Scribner, Neb 29 

Seattle, Oregon 40 

Seymour, Wis 66 

Shannon, 111 14, 45 

Sharon, Wis 54 

Shawano, Wis 62, 65 

Shel)oy2an, Wis 113 

Sheldahl. la 21 

Shellsburg, la 19 

Shell Rock, la 19 

Shiocton, Wis 66 

Shoi)iere, Wis .55 

Sidney. Neb 32 

Silver City, Idaho 34 

Silver City, Nev .35 

Sioux Citv, la 24 

Sioux Falls City, Dak 24,25 

Sioux St. Marie, Mioh 71 

Sleepy Eye Lake, Minn 102 

Sloan, la" 24 

Smitliland, la 24 

Snells, Wis 62 

Soledad, Cal 35 

South Caledonia, 111 116 

South Evanston, III 103 

Sparta, Wis 96 

Spaulding, Mich 69 

Spechts I'erry, la 16 

Spring Creek, la 20 

Spring Crcen. Wis 85 

Sprin? Hill. Ill 14 

Spring Valley, Minn 16, 99 



TLACK AND STATE. PAGE 

Spring Valley. Wis 85 

Springfleld, Wis 55 

Springville, la 19 

Stanton, Neb 30 

Stanwood, la 17 

State Centre, la 20 

State Hospital, Wis 62 

State Line, III 107 

State Line, Minn... 102 

M. Anthony, Minn. 94 

St. Cloud, Minn 96 

St. Charles, 111 10 

St. Charles, Minn 99 

St. Francis, Minn 95 

St. Francis, Wis 108 

St. Helena, Cal 35 

St. Ignace Island, L. S 71 

St. Mary, Wis 61, 97 

St. Paul, Minn 89 

St. Peter, Minn 101 

Steamboat Rock, la 20 

Steilacooin, W. T 40 

Sterling, III 13 

Stephenson, Mich 69 

Stevenstown, Wis 98 

Stevens' Point, Wis 63 

Stillwater, Minn 91 

Stockton, Cal 35 

Stockton, Minn 99 

Stoughton, Wis .55 

Sumhiit, Wis 96 

Summerdale, 111 103 

Sun Prairie, Wis 56 

Superior City. Wis. 73 

Swede Point, la 21 

Sycamore. Ill 11 

Sydney, .i^ustralia 35 

Syene, Wis 79 

Tacoma, Oregon 35 

Tama, la 19 

Taylor.Ill 12 

'ivrkamu. Neb 24, 29 

Thompson, Minn 91 

Tipton, la 17 

Toana, Utah 35 

Toledo, la 20 

Toniah, Wis 80 

Toronto, la 17 

Traer, la. 20 

'rrempealeau, Wis 98 

Truckee. Cal ; . . . . 35 

Turkey River, la 16 

Turner, 111 10 

Twin Lakes, 111 46, .53 

Two Rivers, Wis 113 

Udina, Iowa . ! 42 

Uni'itilla, Oregon 40 

Union, 111 43 

Union, la 20 

Union Centre, Wis 85 

Union Grove, 111 14 

Utica, Minn....*. 99 

Vail, la 23 

Vancouvers Island, B. C 35 

Vaiulyne, Wis 61 

Vermillion, Dak 24, 25 

Verona, Wis 79 

Victor, la 19 

Victoria, B. C 35,40 

Vinton, la 19 

Viola, la 19 

VirL'inia City, Mont 34 

Virginia City, Nev 35 

Viroqua. Wis 97 

Volga City, la 16 

Wadsworth, Nev 35 



PLACE AND STATE. PAOB 

Walden,Ia 17 

Wallace. Mich 6» 

Walla Walla, Wash. Ter 40 

Wallula, W. T 40 

Wall Lake, la 22 

Walnut Grove, Minn 102 

Waltbam, la 19 

Warren, 111 13,44 

Waseca, Minn 100 

Watab, Minn 96 

Waterloo, la 19 

AVaterloo, Wis 56 

Waterman's Mills, 111 44 

Watertown, Wis 56 

Watkins, la 19 

Wauconda, 111 51 

Waukegan, 111 105 

Waukesha, Wis .55 

Waunakee, Wis 80 

Waupacca, Wis 63 

Waupeton, la 16 

Waupun, Wis 56 

Waiisau, Wis 66 

Wayne, HI 42 

Wayne Centre. Ill 42 

Waj'zuta, Minn 94 

Webster City, la 19 

Wells, Minn 16 

Welton, Iowa 16 

Wenona, III 13 

West Bend, Wis 112 

West Menasha, Wis 63 

West Pensaukee, W.9 67 

West Point, Neb 24, 29 

West Rapids, la 19 

West Salem, Wis 97 

West Side, la 22 

West Cnion, la. 19 

Wevauwuiia, Wis 62, 63 

Wheaton.'^Ill 10 

Wheatland, la 16 

Wheeling. Ill 50 

Whitewaler, Wis 55 

White Hear Lake, Minn 91 

WhitiuiT, la 24 

Wilmar, Minn 94 

Wilmette, 111 104 

Wilmot, Wis 116 

WilroM, la 17 

Wilton. Wis. .. 96 

Winlield, 111 10 

Winnebago, III.. 43 

Winnebajo, Minn 16 

Winneconue, Wis 56, 62 

Winnemucci. Nev 35 

Winnepe'.;, Manitoba 93 

Winnetka. Ill '. .. 104 

Winona, Minn 98 

Winona Junction, Wis 97 

Wisconsin Valley June, Wis. 86 

Wisner, Neb 24,29 

Wono woe. Wis ... 85 

Woodbine, la 23 

Woodside, Wis 88 

Woodstock. Ill .52 

Woortworrh, Wis 116 

Worcester, Wis 63 

Worthin^'Ion, Minn 101 

Wrightstown. Wis 65 

Wyoming, la 17, 4f 

Wyoming, Minn 91 

Yankton. Dak 24,25 

Yellow Creek. Ill 44 

Yellow Medicine. Minn 94 

Yokohama, Japan 35 

Young America, Wis 118 

Zambro. Minn 99 

Zwiugle, la 41 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 

WHERE IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS. 
HISTORICAL. 

We do not propose to trouble you much with figures, but merely give you at this 
time the mileage owned and operated exclusively by this Company, and the mileage 
owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. 

Lines oicned and controlled or operated, cxclusiwly by tliis Company. 

Belvldere to Winona, via Madison and Elroy.. 227.00 

Kenoslia to Rockford 7a. 10 

Mllwauliee to Fond da L.ac ^62.63 

Winona to Lake Kampeslsd, Dak T&i.li 

Menominee Klver Junciion to Quinnesec — 24.71 

Maple Klver Junction to Mapleton, la 60. lo 

Wall Lake, la., to Sac City, la Vi.li 

Rochester, Minn., to Zumbrota 25.71 

Eyota, Minn., to Plalnview IS. 00 

Eyota to Chatfield 12.30 

Sleepy Eye, Minn., to Redwood Falls 25.89 

Tracy to Volga, Dak - 'iiOO 

Total Miles 2,339.24 



Chicago via Clinton to Missoari River 491.00 

Chicago to Freepoit 121.00 

Chicago to Milwaukee 85 110 

Chicago Cut off and Branches 9.70 

Chicago 10 Lake Superior, Including Branches. 464 . 1 

Sheboygan to Princeton 7.-*. 40 

Stanwood to Tipttn 8.50 

Clinton, la, to Anamosa 71.10 

Tama to Garwin, la 11.16 

Des Moines Division 58.00 

Elgin to Lske Geneva 45.00 

Geneva to St. Charles 2.40 

Geneva to Batavia 3.20 



Routes owned and operated entirely or mainly by this Company. 



Council Bluffs and California Line 4S2 

St. Paul Line, (Elroy houte) 409 

Green Bay and Lake Superior Line 4;0 

Elroy, Winona and Lake Kampeska Line 623 

Slou.\ City and Tankton Line 603 

Dubuque and La Crosse (via Clinton) Line — 315 

Freeport Line ji 

Milwaukee Line °5 

Milwaukee and Fond du Lac Line 6d 

Lake Geneva Line 85 



Clinton and Anamosa 72 

Kenosha and Kociiford Line. 72 

fcttinwood and Tipton Railroad 9 

Geneva and Ht. Charles Line .. 3 

Geneva and Batavia Line 2 

Chicago "Cutoff" and Branches IP 

Onalaska to La Crosse 6 

Maple River Railway *0 

Menominee River Railway f2 

Total Miles 3,52S 



We wish to describe to you the commencement, growth, and present status of the 
Company, and give you short descriptions of the country, cities, towns, villages and 
stations it passes through, and to note in passing any special items that may be thought 
of interest to those not fully familiar with our great Western land. This Company 
owns and operates — 

First — The shortest, oldest and best line between Chicago and Council Bluffs and 
Omaha, and the first that formed a connection with the Union Pacific for Nebraska, 
Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and the Pacific 
Coast. This is known as the Omaha and Califort<iia Line, or The Great Trans- 
continental Overland Route. 

Second — The best and most direct route to Madison, St. Paul, Minneapolis, and for 
all points beyond. This line is new, and as such has been equipped with everything 
tending to comfort, speed and safety, that modern invention has placed in the hands 
of the progressive Railroad Manager. This line is known as "The Elroy Route." 

Third — The only line from Chicago to Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Escanaba, Negau- 
nee, Marquette and L'Anse, by which the traveler can reach the shores of Lake Supe- 
rior by rail. 

Fourth — The only line from Chicago to Freeport, and, via Freeport, to Galena, 
Dunleilh, Dubuque, and points West. This is one of the oldest and best lines in the 
West, and for many years was the only rail line by which the traveler from the Lakes 
could reach the Mississippi river. 

Fifth — The only line from Chicago to Sparta, Winona, Rochester, St. Peter, New 
Ulm, Marshall, and Lake Kampeska, Dakota. This line is 623 miles long, and run* 
through Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and into Dakota. 



The North and West Illustrated, 



Sixth — A line from Kenosha to Rockford, which is the only route through that part 
of the country. 

Seventh — The old and popular route from Chicago to Milwaukee. This is the only 
line between these cities that runs along the Lake Shore, and offers to the traveler the 
benefit of the Lake views, and access to the many beautiful cities, towns and villagee 
along its shores. 

Eighth— X line from Clinton, Iowa, to Anamosa This was formerly known as the 
Iowa Midland Railroad, and runs through the garden of Iowa. 

Ninth — Numerous branches, which open up routes off the main line of travel. 

As we get further along you will see that evn these form but a proportion of the 
lines controlled by this great Company. Owning at this time over two thousand miles 
of railroad, it may readily be conjectured that the present Company were not the 
builders of the whole of it. This is true. The present line is the final result of a 
series of grand consolidations. Beginning, then, with the earlier built portion of the 
original Chicago& North-Western Railway, we find that on January 16th, 1836, the Galena 
& CUicago Union Railway Co. was incorporated by the State of Illinois, with power 
to construct a railroad from Chicago to Galena, and lateral lines as they might deem 
advisable, and to '■'■unite^'' with any other railroad company already chartered or that 
might be chartered, and to build lines to connect with these lines or any other. In 
1847 they began to build, and by January, 1850, had finished to Elgin, 42 miles. Under 
charters above named, and previous to 1854, the G. & C. U. Co. had built a branch 
line from Belvidere, 111. to Beloit, on the border of Wisconsin, a distance of 21 miles, 
and in 1854, they leased the Beloit & Madison Railway, a line projected and partly 
built from Beloit towards Madison, 47 miles. In 1847, the oflicers of the G. & C. U. 
Co. visited Janesville, and other places in Wisconsin, soliciting aid to construct their 
projected lines, and incited by promises of co-operation, on August 19, 1848, an act 
was procured incorporating the Beloit & Madison Railway, named above, which was 
chartered to be built from Beloit, via Janesville, Madison and La Crosse, to a point 
on Mississippi river near St. Paul, and also from Janesville to Fond du Lac. Febru- 
ary 9th, 1850, the name of the Madison & Beloit Puilway Co. was changed to that of 
The Rock River Valley Union Railroad Company The line from Janesville was not 
pushed by this Company, as the people had been led to believe it would be, and as a 
result of the dissatisfaction a charter was approved February 12, 1851, incorporating 
" The Illinois & Wisconsin Railroad Co.," with power to build a railroad from Chicago 
north to the Illinois State line, and to consolidate with any line in Wisconsin. March 
10th, 1855, this last named line was by act of Legislature of Wisconsin consolidated 
with the Rock River Valley Union Railroad Co., and authorized to take such name 
for the new company as the Board of Directors might see fit. On March 30th, 1855, 
this consolidation was perfected, and the consolidated company was named The 
Chicago, St Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Co. Here, then, we have the origin of the 
first portion of the present Wisconsin Division of Chicago &North-Westcrn Railway. 

"The object and desire of the Chicago, St. Paul &' Fond du Lac Railroad Co. from 
the beginning, was the extension of their line from Janesville northwest via Madison 
and La Crosse to St. Paul, and from Janesville north along the valley of Rock river 
to Fond du Lac, and to the great iron and copper regions of Lake Superior." During 
the first four years of its existence, it succeeded in building a line (broad gauge, 6 feet) 
from Chicago to the Wisconsin State line at Sharon, and in the meantime The Rock 
River Valley Union Railroad Co. had built 30 miles of its road from Fond du Lao 
towards Minnesota (then La Crosse) Junction. The consolidated company proceeded 
as fast as possible to close up the gap between the two pieces of road, and completed 
it in 1859, thus forming a continuous line from Chicago via Janesville and Watertown 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



to Fond du Lac, 176 miles. In June, 1856, by the almost unaided eflForts of the Chicago, 
St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad, Congress was induced to make a grant of land to 
the State of Wisconsin, to aid in completing its lines of road. At an extra session of 
the Legislature of Wisconsin, held in September or October, 1856, a contest arose over 
this grant, and the result was the land upon the northwestern line was given to the La Crosse 
& Milwaukee Railroad Co., and the lands on the northern line were given to the Wiscon- 
sin & Lake Superior Railroad Co., a corporation that was chartered by this Legislature 
for the express purpose of giving it this land grant ! The Chicago, St. Paul & Fond 
du Lac Railway was thus deprived of the grant of lands which had been obtained for 
the State of Wisconsin by its efforts ! By Acts of February 13 and 28, 1857, the Wis- 
consin & Lake Superior Railway and the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway 
Cos., were authorized to consolidate, and on March 5, 1857, the companies were con- 
solidated under name of Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad Co., and thus 
secured the land grant of six (6) sections (3,840 acres) per mile along its line in 
Wisconsin. 

In 1857 came the great financial revulsion, which at once put a stop to further con- 
struction of this with many other lines of railway. In February, 1859, in Illinois, and 
in March, (and October), 1859, the Legislatures authorized reorganization of the com- 
pany, and on June 6th a new company was organized, under the name of Chicago & 
North-Western Railway Co., to which was passed all the franchises and rights of the 
ihen defunct Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railway Co. Here, then, is the real 
beginning of the present great corporation that is now known by the above name. On 
April 10, 1861, this Company was authorized to build a line from Fond du Lac via 
Fort Howard or Green Bay to the north line of Wisconsin, at the Menomonee river. 
During 1859 the road was completed to Oshkosh, (194 miles); in 1860 and '61 to Apple- 
ton, 20 miles further north; and in 1862 the line was extended to Fort Howard, (Green 
Bay), forming a line 242 miles long. In 1862-3, The Kenosha, Rockford & Rock River 
Railroad, running from Kenosha westwardly, was completed, 72 miles, to Rockford, 
on the Galena & Chicago Union Road, and to prevent its falling into unfriendly hands, 
it was purchased by the Chicago & North-Western Railway Co. in 1863, and operated 
as the Kenosha Division. To secure the business of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 
The Peninsula Railroad Co. was incorporated in 1861, and authorized to build a road 
from Escanaba on Little Bey Des Noquet, to Marquette, on Lake Superior. The com- 
pany was organized in 1862, work commenced in 1863, and the road completed to the 
Jackson Mines, at the village of Negaunee, where it formed a junction with the Mar- 
quette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, 12 miles from Marquette. In October, 1864, 
this line was consolidated with the Chicago & North-Western Railway, and was desig- 
nated "The Peninsula Division." 

A line of steamboats was established by the Green Bay Transit Company, to ply 
between Green Bay and Escanaba, and form the connection between the two pieces 
of railroad. This brings the history of the line down to the date of the Grand Con- 
solidation that was effected between the Chicago & North-Western and Galena & 
Chicago Union Railways, and offers a chance to give the history of the last named of 
these roads. 

THE LINE WESTWARD. 

The Galena «fc Chicago Union Railroad Co. was Incorporatea January 16,1836, and was 
provided with a "saving clause" in its charter, whereby the contemplated road might 
be made a '■'■good turnpike" instead of a railroad! 

Whether hesitating over which it should be, or simply waiting for the "Star of 
Empire," it exhibited no especial vitality for some time, and ten years after its organi- 
zation, we find the Directors of the Company seriously discussing the policy of turning 



The North and West Iixustrated. 



their attention backtoard from the wilds of Illinois, and first building their road east- 
ward to meet the Michigan Central Road, which was then halting at New Buffalo. 
They however did decide to venture wcstwfird, and the first ten miles of road, Chicago 
to Harlem, was completed December 30, 1848, extended to Elgin, January 22, 1850, to 
Rockford, August 2, 18r)2, and to Freeport, September 1, 1853. At this point the 
superior advantages of T rail became apparent, and the "strap rail," with which the 
road hud been built, was taken up, and the T iron rail put down. This airain, with the 
further march of improvement, has given place to the steel rail, with which the line is 
now laid. 

Before the completion of the road to the Fox river, the Chief Engineer placed 
on the records of the Company a prophetic "estimate," to the effect that when com- 
pleted to that point, the resources of the country might furnish business sufficient for 
"two trains each way for two-thirds of the year, and one train each way for one-third 
of the year." That prophet (whose "eye is not dimmed") may now count more than 
20 regular trains each way daily passing over this line. When the line to Freeport had 
been in operation about a j'ear, the Company decided to seek a more direct line to the 
Mississippi, and acting upon this decision, the road from Turner Junction to the Mis- 
sissippi river was completed to Dixon, December 4, 1854, extended to Sterling, 
July 22, 1855, to Morrison, September 23, 1855, and the Mississippi river, December 
10, 1855. 

FROM THE MISSISSIPPI WESTWARD. 

The Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Co. completed in 1858 a line from Clinton 
to Cedar Rapids, and leased it to the G. & C. U. Co., July 3, 1862. The Cedar Rapids 
& Mo. River Railroad Co. commenced the construction of a road from Cedar Rapids 
westward, of which the first 27 miles were completed in 1860, and extended from time 
to time, until having 40 miles completed, it also was leased to the G. & C. U. Co., 
July 8th, 1862. These Iowa roads, together with the roads built by the G. & C. Co., 
came under the management of the Chicago & Ncrth-Western Railway Co., by con- 
solidation, June 2, 1864. The extension of the road through Iowa was continued and 
finally completed to the Missouri river March 15, 1867, ready to join the Union Pacific 
in its march toward the Pacific Ocean. 

During the building of the Dixon Air Line, as the road was designated that ran 
from Junction, 30 miles west of Chicago, the G. & C. U. absorbed and consolidated 
with its other charters, that of the Mississippi & Rock River Junction Railroad Co., 
which company had been chartered by the State of Illinois, on February 15, 1851. 
The consolidation was effected January 9th, 1855. In 1854 the G. & C. U. Co. built aline 
from Belvidere to Beloit, as we have already stated in an earlier portion of this sketch, 
and in 1854 entert'd mlo an arrangement with the Beloit & Madison Railroad Co., 
which owned a Ime between these points. Some time prior to 1857, the G. & C. U. 
Co. became identified with the Fox River Valley Railroad, which was being built north- 
wardly up the valley of Fox river, and towards the Wisconsin State Line. This road 
was finally reorganized, absorbed by the G. & C. U. Co., and its name changed to that 
of Tlie Elgin &. State Line Railroad. It was extended from Elgin to Richmond, near 
the north line of Illinois, and was 33 miles long. It now forms a portion of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway line to Lake Geneva. About this time the 
G. & C. U. Co. bought the St. Charles & Mississippi Air Line Railway, of which only 
9 miles, from Chicago to Harlem (now Oak Park) was ever built. This then brings 
down the history of the G. & C. U. Co. to the date of the grand consolidation. 

In 1861 the directory of the Chicago & North-Western Railway was composed of— 
W. B. Ogden, (Pres.), Geo. Smith, both of Chicago; Perry H. Smith, (Vice-Pres.), of 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



Appleton; M. C. Darling, of Fond du Lac; A. L. Prichard, of Watertown; 
J. J. R. Pease, of Janesville; W. A. Booth, Lowell Holbrook, David Dows, C. S. Sey- 
ton, H. H. Boody, and Austin Baldwin, of New York; and G. M. Bartholomew, of 
Hartford, Conn. It then owned 29 locomotives and 19 passenger cars, and its operat- 
ing expenses for the year were only $258,657.74. In 1861-2-3, George L. Dunlap was 
Superintendent, C. S. Tappan, General Freight Agent, and E. De Witt Robinson, its 
General Ticket Agent. In 1861-2, its earnings were $849,719.27, and in 1862-3, 
$1,083,054.05. 

The great iron bridge that connects the Iowa lines with those in Illinois, was begun 
in 1864. The Union Pacific Railway was also commenced at Omaha this year, and by 
June, 1865, 100 miles were completed. The Central Pacific Railroad was completed 
in 1864 from Sacramento to Clipper Gap, 44 miles, and 12 miles further by September 1, 
1865. The total mileage of the roads owned by the G. & C. U. Co. at the time of the 
consolidation was as follow^s : Chicago to Freeport, 121 miles; Chicago toClinton,138 
miles; Beloit Branch, 21 miles; St. Charles & Mississippi Air Line, 9 miles; Elgin to 
Richmond, and a short line at Elgin, 35 miles. Total, 324 miles, of which 30 miles, 
Chicago to Turner Junction, (now Junction) was really double track. Its leased lines 
completed were Clinton, la. to Cedar Rapids, 82 miles, (Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska 
Railroad); Cedar Rapids to Nevada, 122 miles, (Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Rail- 
road); and Beloit to Madison, 47 miles, (Beloit & Madison Railroad.) Total leased 
lines then finished, 251 miles. 

THE CONSOLIDATION. 

"The long-continued, unwise and injurious competition which existed between 
the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad and Chicago & North- Western Railway Com- 
panies, at their several points of contact, and which seemed to be chronic and not 
likely to terminate, and which induced the companies to give much of their time and 
attention to the control or construction of inferior, rival and illegitimate lines, naturally 
gave rise to proposals for the consolidation of these lines, as the only certain and per- 
manent remedy for loss of earnings and increase of expenses, resulting from the 
senseless, but apparently unavoidable, competition which existed." The stockholders 
consented to the consolidation, and on June 2, 1864, it was virtually effected and car- 
ried out; and on February 15, 1865, was approved and ratified by legislative enactments, 
and the new corporation was named The Chicago & North-Western Railway Co. 
From this time (October, 1865,) forward, we have to deal with the history of but one 
company. 

About this time the Directory of the Company, to secure its interests, and prevent 
its falling into hostile hands, found that it was essential to obtain control of a line from 
Chicago to Milwaukee, and The Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad was secured. This line, 
connecting the cities of Chicago and Milwaukee, was commenced at each end at about 
the same time, but under two corporations — The Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad Co., 
incorporated February 17, 1851, building the line from Chicago to the State Line, 45 
miles ; and the Milwaukee & Chicago Railroad Co., incorporated Marcli 12, 1851, build- 
ing the line from Milwaukee to State Line, 40 miles. Both lines were completed in 
1855, and run in connection until June 5, 1863, when they were consolidated, under the 
name of The Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad Co., and which came under the manage- 
ment of the Chicago «fe North-Western Railway Co., by perpetual lease, May 2, 1866. 
M. L. Sykes, Jun., now joined the Chicago & North-Western Railway. This year 
found C. S. Tappan, General Freight Agent, and E. F. Patrick, General Ticket Agent. 

In 1866 the Company bought out the Green Bay Transit Company, and placed two 
new boats on the bay to make connection between Green Bay and Escanaba. 



The North and West Illustrated. 



The Uuion Pacific Railroad bad, up to loth May, 1865, completed 425 miles of their 
road. In 1866, the northern end of the present Kansas City, St. Jo.seph & Council 
Blufls Railroad was completed from a point 45 miles south of Council Blufls, and con- 
nections made with the Chicago & North- Western Railway at Council Blulfs. The 
8ioux City branch of Union Pacific — as the present Sioux City & Pacific Railroad was 
then called — was commenced this year At the close of the eighth fiscal year of 
Clricago & North-Western Railway, it had under its control, by absolute ownership or 
perpetual lease, 1,153.4 miles. 

In October, 1867, this Company bought of D. N. Barney & Co. their interest in the 
Winona and St. Peter Railway — aline being built westwardly from Winona, Minn., 
and of which 105 miles were built. It also bought of the same parties their interest in 
the La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railway — a line being built from Winona Junc- 
tion, three miles east of La Crosse, Wis., to Winona, Minn. The Omaha ik California 
line (Galena & Iowa Division), was opened to Missouri river, opposite Omaha, in April, 
1867. The ninth fiscal year closed with the Company having 1,349. 7 miles of Iron.* The 
tenth fiscal year of the Company found J. C. Gault, General Freight Agent and Assist- 
ant General Superintendent, with II. P. Stanwood as General Ticket Agent. Henry 
Keep, Esq., the President of the Company, died August, 1869. Since the last report 
•was printed (1868) the Pacific roads were completed, and the Chicago, Rock Island 
& Pacific Railway finished to Council Bluffs; the Sioux City & Pacific was also com- 
pleted, and connection formed with it at St. John's (now Missouri Valley). Total 
length of road, 1,156 miles. Miles of iron, including side tracks, 1,367.7. With 
the 11th fiscal report, (May 31, 1870), we find J. F. Tracy, President; J. C. Gault, 
General Superintendent, and C. C. Wheeler, General Freight Agent. That year, 
(1869-70), the Burlington & Missouri River Railway of Iowa was finished to Council 
Blufi's, and the Winona & St. Peter was completed to Janesville, Minn., making 121 
miles finished from Winona. The La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railroad 
was also finished this year. Total mileage of finished line, 1,186. With the 12tli 
year, (May 31, 1871), we have J. H. Howe, General Manager, and J. C. Gault, General 
Superintendent. In this term the Company obtained control of the charter of the 
Baraboo Air Line Railroad — a line projected northward from Madison, Wis. ; and 
after consolidating it with their Beloit & Madison R. R. , and these both with the 
Chicago & North- Western Railway, which began the work, rapidly pushed the line 
from Madison towards Winona Junction, 126 miles. The bridge across the Mis- 
sissippi river at Winona was commenced. The Winona and St. Peter line was com- 
pleted to St. Peter, 140 miles from Winona; and a charter procured for the Winona, 
Mankato & New Ulm Railroad, under which the Winona & St. Peter Railroad Co. 
built a line into Mankato, 3^ miks. On the Galena Division, from Geneva, 111., to 
St. Charles, 111., the Chicago & North-Wcstern Railway built a line, 2i miles long. 
Some years before this, The Iowa Central Railroad Company was incorporated to build 
a line westward from Lyons, Iowa. The Iowa ]\Iidland Railway Company absorbed 
this line, and this year it was taken into the Chicago & North-Western Railway 
combination, with 35 miles of rail laid, and 75 miles of track graded. Many years 
before, a strap rail line had been operated north of, and in connection with, the Elgin 
& State Line Railway; a new charter was now procured, under which The State Line 
& Union Railway Co. was authorized to build a line from the Northern line of Illinois, 
10 miles, to Lake Geneva, Wis. • The line was finished, and operated from this year. 

It will be remembered that at Green Bay the old Chicago & North-Western line 
terminated. This year it was arranged to build the l^Ienomonee extension, and close 
the gap between Green Bay and Escanaba — some 120 miles — in the year. Fifty-two 

♦ This il)Wl7<1o<l siflp Irnrt. 



The Chicago & North-Westekn Railway. 



mijes were put under contract and rapidly built. The new line from Madison north was 
opened to Lodi this year. Total mileage of road reported, 1,223.8. With the 
report of the 13th fiscal year, (May 31, 1872), we have Albert Keep, President; Marvin 
Hughitt, General Superintendent; and W. A. Thrall, General Ticket Agent. During this 
year the Winona & St. Peter line was finished, and (in February, 1872,) opened to New 
Ulm, Minn. The Iowa Midland was finished to Auamosa in October, 1871. The Madison 
Division was opened to Reedsburg. According to the report of the 14th fiscal year, 
W. H. Stennett was General Passenger Agent; and this year 64.6 miles of line between 
Menomonee and Escanaba; 43.6 miles of Madison extension; Similes of Stanwood 
& Tipton Railroad (a side line from Stanwood, on Iowa Division, to Tipton); 3 miles 
Batavia, 111., Branch, (from Geneva to Batavia); and 5 miles of track connecting the 
Wisconsin and Galena Divisions in Chicago, were built and operated. The line from 
Fort Howard (Green Bay) to Escanaba was opened in December, 1872. The steamers 
on Green Bay were disposed of, and through trains run from Chicago to Negaunee. 
February 25, 1871, a line from Milwaukee northerly to Fond du Lac was incorporated, 
under the name of The North-Western Union Railway Co. The road was commenced 
in 1872, and in 1873 completed, and operated by Chicago & North- We stern Railway 
Co. The length of line is 63 miles ; it connects the Milwaukee with the Wisconsin 
Division, and shortens the distance between Chicago and Fond du Lac some 29 miles. 

The West Wisconsin Railroad — a line running from Elroy to Hudson, and thence 
to St. Paul — was completed, and arrangements made by which Ae Chicago & North- 
western Railway were enabled to compete for business to St. Paul and beyond. 
This new through line is known as The Chicago, Madison & St. Paul Line. This year 
240 acres of land, five miles west of Wells street depot in Chicago, were bought, for 
the purpose of building thereon the machine and car shops of the Company. Total 
mileage reported this year, 1,849. With the report of the 15th fiscal year (May, 
1874), H. H. Porter is named as General Manager. The Madison extension was com- 
pleted to Winona Junction, where it formed connection with the La Crosse, Trem- 
pealeau & Prescott Railroad, and perfected the line from Chicago to Winona. The 
Winona and St. Peter Railway was completed to Lake Kampeska, 623 miles from 
Chicago, and opened, with an excursion, on September 17, 1873. The North- 
western Union line was finished between Milwaukee and Fond du Lac, and opened 
on September 7, 1873. Total miles reported in operation, 1,992. In Illinois, 489 ; 
Iowa, 434 ; Wisconsin, 566 ; Michigan, 171 ; Minnesota, 293, and Dakota, 39. The 
general office building, in size, 60 x 200 feet, on Kinzie, between Market and Franklin 
Streets, Chicago, was built this year, and the new shops at Chicago commenced. 
With the end of the 16th fiscal year (May 31, 1875), and the beginning of the 17th 
year, the Company had 369 locomotives, 178 passenger cars, 28 Pullman drawing 
room sleepers, 4 parlor chair day coaches, and 9,146 freight and other cars. In the 
year that had then closed, its passenger trains had run 2,491,956 miles, and its freight 
trains 6,542,550 miles. 

We have thus brought the history of the line down to the present day, and have 
shown how it has grown to its present enormous proportions. Thus, then, we have 
answered the queries — " Where is it, and What is it ? " The other questions are more 
difficult of solution, but solved they can be — What can it do for you ? 

THE OMAHA & CALIFORNIA LINE. 

The portions of the Company's lines that are used in a trip from Chicago to Omaha, 
are the Galena & Iowa Divisions, the building of which we have before referred to. 
The cities, towns and villages along this line will be described hereafter. By glancing 



The North and West Illustrated. 



at our map it will be seen that this route passes through the counties of Cook, DuPage^' 
Kane, DeKalb, Ogle, Lee and Whiteside, in Illinois, and Clinton, Cedar, Linn.Benten, 
Tama, Marshall, Story, Boone, Green, Carroll, Crawford, Shelby, Harrison and Pot- 
tawatomie, in Iowa — counties that for productiveness of soil and general fertility, 
cannot be surpassed anyiohere. Following closely along the forty-second degree of 
latitude, this line is far enough south to escape the rigors of a real northern winter, 
with its accompanying deep snows, and is yet far enough north to escape the scorching 
and blistering suns of July and August, that burn and brown the counties further south. 
To the person seeking a home in the settled part of the West, these counties ofier vast 
inducements, good land, good water, plenty of timber, and a health-giving climate. 
Except on the western end of this route, the land is mostly all settled, and is well 
improved, hence is held at rates much higher than is as>ked for the wild lands of the 
farther West. West of Boone county, Iowa, the Iowa Railroad Land Company own 
large bodies of very fine land that they sell at prices ranging from $5 to $15 per acre. 
The Chicago «fe North- Western Railway Co. has not any lands for sale in Illinois, nor 
in Iowa. 

This line forms junctions with other railroads in Illinois as follows: At Junc- 
tion, with branch of Chicago, Burlington &, Quincj'; at Cortland, with Cortland & 
Sycamore; at Rochelle, with Chicago & Iowa ; at Dixon, with Illinois Central; at 
Sterling, with Rockford & St. Louis; and at Fulton, with Western Union. In Iowa 
the junctions are at Clinton, with Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque; at De Witt and 
Wheatland, with the Davenport & St. Paul ; at Stanwood, with Stanwood & Tip- 
ton ; at Cedar Rapids, with Dubuque Southwestern, and Burlington, Cedar Rapids 
& Minnesota; at Tama, with Toledo & North- Western; at Marshalltown, with Central 
Railroad of Iowa; at Ames, with Des Moines & Minnesota; at Grand Junction, with 
Des Moines & Fort Dodge; at Missouri Valley, with Sioux City & Pacific; at Coun- 
cil Bluffs, with Kansas City, St. Joe and Council Bluffs; and at Omaha, with the 
Union Pacific, the Burlington & Missouri River, and the Omaha & North-Western. 
These numerous connecting lines give to this great route facilities for reaching all 
parts of the countr}' north, south and west of its own line. With all of these lines 
friendl}'^ relations exist, and over them we dail}' send and receive both passengers and 
freight. From our ticketing stations, and from all prominent ticket agencies in all 
parts of the country, through coupon tickets over our line and via the junctions 
above named, can be procured to nearly all the stations on the roads above named. 
It may not be unprofitable to say here that if you are going to Galena, Dubuque, 
Prairie du Chien, La Crosse, Waterloo, Austin, Mason City, Des Moines, Ackley, 
Fort Dodge, Sioux City, Yankton, Blair or Wisner, j^our interests will be best served 
by using this line of The Chicago & North-Western Railway. If Council Bluffs or 
Omaha is your destination, you should certainly choose this route, as it is the i^hortest 
and hence the quickest, and is by all odds the most pleasant, as far as the country it 
passes through, or as to its equipment of cars, coaches, Pullman Hotel Car.% 
{(ind hire we ■will sut/ that tJtis is the only line runnimj Pulbiuui Hotel Cars ' 
in ichich ladies and children can be isolated and free from the annoyance of homing 
other 'paHnengers in the same compartment between Chicago and Omaha. This is an 
important fact to be remembered by those who desire drawing rooms in Hotel Cars.) 
This line is of steel rail, was the first to reach Council Bluffs and Omaha from Chi- 
cago, and the first to contract passengers and freight from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
Ocean. Lincoln, Neb., Cheyenne, Wy., Denver, Col, Salt Lake City, Utah, Carson 
and Virginia City, Nev., Sacramento, The Yo Semite, The Geysers, The Big Tree 
Groves, San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore., and all points on the Pacific Coast, as 
well as the ports of the Pacific, such as Yokohama and Nagasaki, in Japan, Hong 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



Kong and Shanghai, in China, Melbourne, Adelaide and Sidney, in Australia, and 
Auckland, in New Zealand, are all reached by passing over this line, and in all these 
places this Company sustains some form of agency, at which the public can always 
get full and reliable information, by simply applying for it. No preconceived notions, 
the stories of pretended travelers, or the paid emissaries of hostile lines, should be 
allowed to divert your attention from this line if you propose to travel between the 
East and the West. 

At our Pacific Coast Agency, 121 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, Cal., at all 
times can be found gentlemen in the emploj^ of this Company who are full}' com- 
petent and willing to render Trans-Continental travelers any assistance or information 
they may desire. At our General Eastern Agency, 415 Broadway, New York City, 
and at our New England Agency, 5 State Street, Boston, Mass., as well as at all the 
leading Ticket Agencies in the East and West, full and reliable information can be 
procured by simply asking for it. 



ON THE ROUTE WESTWARD, 



VIA THE GALENA DIVISION. 

Leaving Chicago, from the Wells Street depot of The Chicago & North-Westem 
Railway, and running through Cook and Du Page counties, and almost to the east line 
of Kane county, to Junction, (Turner Junction), you pass through a succession of 
towns and villages that are not improperly called suburban to Chicago, for the larger 
proportion of their citizens are engaged in business in Chicago, while having their 
homes at these stations. To all of them " Commutation " tickets are sold, and sub- 
urban trains are run almost hourly each day. Below will be found the rates of fare 
charged (April 1 5, 1876) to these points, and to a few points beyond that are also reached 
by suburban trains : 



5 

1 

8 

1 
5 


BETWBKN 
AND 


55 


a 


-o 

5 a, 



3 
2^ 


2 

is 


< 


si 
1^ 


i 

a 




West 40th Street 


.15 
.20 
.25 
28 
.30 
.35 
38 
40 
55 
.70 
SO 
.85 
.95 
1.05 
1.25 


1.20 
l.f.O 
1.80 
2.05 
2.30 
2.60 
2.75 
8.05 
4.20 
5.30 
5.95 
6.60 
7.30 
7.95 
9.40 


2.80 
3.40 
4.00 

4'iO 

5.20 
5.90 
6.30 
6.83 
9.50 
12.00 
13..50 
15 00 
16.50 
1800 
21.30 


6.50 
7.20 
7.20 
9.30 
11.00 
12 50 
13.00 
14.25 
18.00 
21.50 
23.50 
24.H0 
27.50 
8000 
85.50 


3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

5 


38.00 
42 00 
48.00 
55 CO 
60.ai 
65.(10 
68.00 
71.50 
75.00 
80.00 
85 (X) 
90.00 
95.00 
100.00 
110.00 


23.00 
25.00 
29.00 
33.00 
86.00 
39.00 
41.00 
42.50 
45.00 
48.00 
51.00 
54.00 
57 00 
60.00 
66.00 


1800 


5 g 


West 48th Street . . 


20 00 


6 7 




22 00 


7 7 




25 00 


8 6 


Oak Park 


27 00 


9.8 
10.4 
11 4 


Klver Forest 

Maywood 


29.00 
31.00 
82.60 


16 8 




81 00 


20 




36.00 


32 5 


Prospect Park. ., 


38 00 


24 9 




41.00 


27 5 


Wlnfleld 


43.00 


SO.O 




45.00 


85 5 


Geneva 


50.00 








88.0 
88.0 


St. Charles 

Batavla 


1.25 
1.30 


9.40 
9.40 


21. .SO 
21.30 


85.50 
85.50 


5 
5 


1111.00 
110.00 


66 00 
66.00 


50.00 
50.00 








35 3 




1.15 
1.20 
1.25 
1.45 
1.60 


9.35 
9.80 
9.H5 
11.75 
13.25 


21.20 
21 ..W 
21 ^•0 
25.50 
80 00 


84.00 
34.50 
35 00 
42. SO 
50.00 


5 
5 
6 
6 
6 




89 2 


Clinton vllle 




42.5 
47.5 


Elpin 




52.8 


Algonquin 





In many of these points more or less manufacturing is carried on, but in the larger 
part of them very little business is done, and they may be called residence towns. 



10 



The North and West Illustrated. 



After leaving the last " city" station you reach 



Anstin, 7 milefs from Chicago, pop. 1,500. 
RIdgfelaiid, 8 miles from Cliicau'o, pop. 200. 
Oak Park, 9 mil<,'i* from Chicago, pop. 3,000. 
River Forest, 9i miles from Chicago; a new 

"eubnrban " station. 

Maywooil, 10 miles from Chicago. A pleasant 
villa'4e of 1,000 people on the Desplaines river. 
The town is located on ground 30 feet above the 
river, and 70 feet above Lake Michigan. It was 
laid out in 1869, and now has over 300 residences in 
It. It has a good hotel, four public schools, five 
churches, and a fine public hall, in which are held 
the meetings of the Maywood Library Association. 
No spirituous liquors are allowed to be sold in or 
within one mile of the town. A fine rock road runs 
through the village and to Chicago. 

Melroso, 11 miles from Chicago, is a new 
station. 

Klniliurst, 16 miles from Chicago. This place 
was until recently called Cottage Hill, and in the 
old •■ stage days " was a station on the route to the 
Galena Lead Mines, and to the Mississippi river. 
It stands on high rolling prairie, 106 feet above 
Lake Michigan, and is one of the best and easiest 
drained towns near Chicago, thus having secured 
to It for all time one of the most important ele- 
ments conducive of public health. It has several 
good public graded schools, and some well con- 
ducted and prosperous private schools. The Evan- 
gelical Lutheran Church has a college under the 
presidency of the Rev. P. F. Mensch located here. 
It has three churches. Its streets and avenues are 
well graded, and range in width from 80 to 100 feet. 
Population about 750. Addison, a town of 500 
people, and the seat of a Lutlieran College having 
200 students, is 3 miles north, and is tributary to 
and reached by stage daily from Elmhurst. 

Lombard, 20 miles from Chicago, is a pretty 
village of 500 people. It has one public school, one 
church, and a public hall that cost $2,000. 

Prospect Park, 23 miles from Chicago, is emi- 
nently a suburban town. It has one public (High) 
school, and one hotel kept by John Groof, and at 
$1.50 per day or $.4 per week, can accommodate 100 
guests. I'opulation about 500. 

Wheaton, 24 miles from Chicago. A thriving 
village of 1,500 people, (county seat of Du Page 
county, county organized 1839, population 19,000) 
situated on high rolling prairie, surrounded by a 
fine farming and grazing country. It has 7 
churches, a good graded school, and the court 
house and other county buildings. It is the seat of 
Wheaton College, which stands on elevated ground 
on the north side of the railroad, has 200 stu- 
dents, is in a nourishing condition, and amongst 
the educational institutions of the West, holds no 
second place. 

WlnJield, 28 miles from Chicago— formerly 
called Fredericksburg— is a thrifty suburban 
village of 400 people. It is growing;, and is in 
every way a desirable home for the tired business 
man. 

Junction, 30 miles from Chicago, and at the 
weet end of the double track of the Qalena 
Division. The corporate name of the village and 
the official name of the Post Office is Tui'iier, 



named for J. B. Tamer, who laid out the first town 
plat m 1856. It has a population of 1,500, four 
churches, one good public school, occupying a 
brick house that coet $25,000, and three hotels— 
The Junction House, The Turner House, and the 
Raiboad House, charging $2 per day for very excel- 
lent accommodations. This line of railroad reached 
"The Junction" in 1849, and for months thereafter 
the farmers of this part of Du Page county were 
prophesying that the road must become bankrupt, 
for "it can never compete with Frink & Walker's 
line of stages. It will take but a few months to 
demonstrate that the scheme must fail." So they 
argued and so they believed. 

From this point " The Freeport Line " and " The 
Fox River Branch " of the C. & N.-W. Ry. diverge 
northwardly, and from here is a short line of rail- 
road that runs southwardly to Aurora. At Junction 
the C. & N.-W. Ry. Co. has a repair shop and a 
mill for re-rolling and repairing iron and steel rails. 

(reneva, 36 miles from Chicago. We have now 
passed out of Du Page and into Kane county. This 
county was first settled by Col. N. Lyon, in June,' 
1833, while the Pottawatomie Indians still held 
possession of the land, (they were removed in 1835 
by Capt. C. B. Dodson), and the Colonel is still a 
citizen of the county. The county was organized 
ir. 1836; the first church and Sunday school started, 
(at Batavia), n; the first post office established (at 
Harrington" Lord, now La Fox) in 1835. The first 
court in f. county was held in a log house (also 
uscJ as church and school house for years) on the 
bank of Fox river, in the homestead of the Har- 
rington family, who are still residing there, and 
are amongst the leading and most respected citizens 
of the county. The present population of the 
county is not far from 50,000. Geneva, the county 
seat, is built on terraces on both sides of Fox river, 
which is well stocked with black bass, pickerel, 
pike, sun, and other fish. * It has over 2,000 popula- 
tion, seven churches, a school house built of cut 
stone, costing $25,000, and accommodating 500 
pupils; two flour mills, one machine shop, employ- 
ing over 100 men; jute, cheese and butter factories, 
and some other manufacturing interests. Its best 
hotel is The Union House, which can accommodate 
100 guests at $2 per day. Its public hall will seat 
500 persons, and its court house, which is of brick, 
and was built in 1856. cost $60,000. 

The surrounding country is rolling, and is about 
equally divided between "prairie" and "timber." 
The county affords fine shooting in season. Prai- 
rie chickens, quail, woodcock, partridge, and other 
game abound.* NehorVg Lake, Johnson's Mound, 
and Ilarrinrjton's Inland are popular resorts from 
1 to 7 miles from the village. 

St. Charles, 38 miles from Chicago. While not 
directly on the Omaha and California Line of this 
road, it is eo jiear, and the branch line reaching it 

♦In giving the names of birds and fishes that are 
found along this line, we would explain that the 
names given are " local," and are not scientifically 
correct. For instance, the text may say "part- 
ridge." " pheasant," and " grouse," while the birds 
are really (piMil. ruffled and pinnated grouse. The 
" local "names are those given by our agents, or 
by hunters and fishermen of the vicinity. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



11 



is BO short, that we give its descriptioB, as we do 
that of Batavia, which is similarly situated in con- 
nection with the route now under advisement. 
From Geneva two short lines of road are owned by 
this Company ; the one runs from Geneva north 2)^ 
miles to St. Charles, and the other runs south 2 
miles to Batavia. They are operated as the Batavia 
and St. Charles Branches. St. Charles, with a popu- 
lation of over 3,000, is situate on both sides of Fox 
river and is picturesquely located on the gently ris- 
ing banks or bluffs of the stream. It has two good 
schools, with 200 students; six churches; a paper 
mill, manufacturing 1,500,000 lbs. yearly; a cheese 
factory, making 600,000 lbs. yearly; a foundry, em- 
ploying 60 men, and several flour mills. The Ma- 
lory House is kept by D. B. Malory, who charges 
$1.50 per day. The town was first settled in 1833, 
and the first newspaper published in Kane county 
<The Patriot), was started here in 1841. This is 
the home of Hon. John F. Farnsworth, one of Illi- 
nois' best known congressmen. 

Batavia, 39 miles from Chicago. (See St. Charles 
for railroad connection. ) This village has over 4,000 
population ; is located on both sides of Fox river, 
which is here spanned by several fine bridges. The 
bluffs or banks of the river are of limestone, and 
rise above the water from 30 to 50 feet ; they fur- 
nish very excellent building stone, which is largely 
•used, and in the quarrying of which from 300 to 400 
men find constant employment. In the village are 
many good schools and ten churches. The Ellis 

House, by , and The Revere, by C. E. Smith, 

at $2 per day, furnish ample and good hotel accom- 
modations. Here is located the United States Wind- 
mill Co., employing 100 men, and manufacturing 
Halladay's windmills and iron pumps, to the value 
•of $250,000 yearly; the Challenge Mill Co., making 
Nicholls' windmills and Burr's patent feed grinder; 
the Newton Wagon Co., emproying 100 men, and 
making 1,400 farm and 300 road wagons yearly; the 
D. K. Sperry & Co. Manufacturing Co., employing 
€0 men, and making stoves, caldrons, feed boilers, 
etc., to the value of $100,000 yearly. Osgood & 
Shumway employ here 30 men in making mill cast- 
ings and the iron work for school furniture. 

L.a Fox, 41 miles from Chicago, a village of 
150 people, is situated on a well-watered, produc- 
tive, rolling prairie, and in the midst of a fine dairy 
county. It has a cheese factory, turning out 100,000 
lbs. yearly. The cheese from this factory finds a 
mai'ket west of the Missouri river. 

Blackberry, 44 miles from Chicago, is on Fox 
Tiver, and has a population of 400. Is on ground so 
high, that Batavia, St. Charles, Geneva, and many 
other villages and a large expanse of country can be 
seen from its streets. This village is also in the 
*' Dairy County " of the Fox river valley, and is 
noted for its cheese and butter. It has a good ho- 
tel. The Hard House, by J. O. Hurd, who can ac- 
■commodate 40 guests, at $1.50 per day; one good 
graded public school, four churches, and one flour 
mill. Kaneville. 6 miles distant, is tributary to this 
station, and is reached daily by B. Gary's stage line. 
Fare, 50 cents. 

liOdi, 51 miles from Chicago; has population of 
500; has one school and four chiirches. The first 
justice of the peace in Kane county lived and still 
lives here. 



Cortland, 55 miles from Chicago. This village 
is in De Kalb county, 4\i miles from Sycamore, the 
county seat, which is reached from Cortland by the 
Cortland & Sycamore Railway, a railway line owned 
by the enterprising citizens of Sycamore. (See 
Sycamore.) Cortland is on a high, roUing prairie, 
has 900 population, one graded school, one church 
one flour mill, run by steam, and one hotel, kept by 
B. B. Parkhurst, who charges $2 per day. 

Sycamore, 59^ miles from Chicago, is, by rail, 
reached only via Cortland. Sycamore is located 
upon an elevated prairie, near the Kishwaukee 
river, and is the county seat of De Kalb county, 
Illinois. Laid out and platted in 1839 ; chartered 
as a village in 1857 ; obtained a city charter from 
the Legislature in April, 1869. Population, 4,000. 
Distant from Chicago 59^ miles, and the north- 
ern terminus of the Sycamore, Coktland & Chi- 
cago R.^^iLROAD. The streets are wide, laid out 
at right angles, and lined with forest and ever- 
green trees upon either side, giving the city an 
appearance of a forest. No pains have been spared 
to beautify the grounds and yards of private resi- 
dences with evergreens and other ornamental 
shrubbery. The business portion of the city is 
compact. The city graded school house is one of 
the finest in the northern part of the State, capable 
of seating 800 scholars. The court house is located 
in the centre of the public park, containing about 
four acres, beautifully laid out and ornamented with 
forest maples and elms. The city is becoming quite 
a manufacturing centre— the Marsh harvester shop 
employing 300 workmen; the R. Ellwood Manu- 
facturing Co. have just completed their shop, and 
are working 125 men, making the R. Ellwood com- 
bined riding and walking corn cultivator; its force 
will be greatly increased the coming season. A 
large and extensive planing mill, was erected the 
past season. In the city is a flax mill, making from 
two to three tons of tow per day; an extensive 
cheese factory: the Winn Hotel, (built the past sea- 
son), a large, four-story brick building, complete 
in all its apartments ; eight fine churches, four 
weekly newspapers, two monthly publications, oui? 
flour mill, one national and two private banks, one 
public hall, three grain elevators, and an improved 
system of water works, operated by steam. The 
surrounding country is a beautiful prairie, sur- 
passed for richness of soil and adaptation to farm- 
ing purposes by no section of the State, being upon 
an elevated ridge, midway between the Rock and 
Fox rivers. The city is noted for its steady growth 
and wealth, the energy of its business men, the vast 
amount of business done, and its general thrift and 
prosperity. The Sycamore, Cortland & Chicago 
Railroad has running arrangements in connec- 
tion with the Chicago & North- Western Railway 
Co., connecting at Cortland Station. 

De Kalb, 58 miles from Chicago, pop. 2,000, 
is located in the centre of a large prairie, and 
is an active, go-ahead town, enjoying a large trade 
with the surrounding country, which is settled by 
wealthy farmers. The town has cheese factories, 
two "Barbed Wire Fence" factories, employing 
over 200 men, (this barbed wire fence is " something 
new under the sun," and consists of wire twisted 
together and guarded by pointed wire prongs or 
"barbs" that serve as protection from injury by 



r? 



Thb Xokth and West Illustratep. 



cattle), Ave churclitu, one public school, and two 
hotels— The Cfutral House, by S. D. Burt, and The 
Eaijlc, by 1<\ Scripton. 

Mallu, (il miles from Chicago. It has a popula- 
tion of GOO, one school house that cost $5,000, 
three churches, and The Scofield Ilouse, avery fair 
hotel, by William Scofield. 

Creston, 70 miles from Chicago. We now pass 
Into U'^le County. The village was formerly called 
Derneii/, af icr Col. John Dement, one of the oldest 
settlers of Northern Illinois. It has a school house 
that cost in 18G9, $10,000, two churches, two ;irain 
elevators, one newspaper, The Times, edited by 
H. C. Kobbins, and two hotels. The village was 
'.aid out in 18.57, and was incorporated in 1867. The 
first settler in this part of the county was Thomas 
Smith, (T'ncle Tommy), who for years was stutiou 
agent, postmaster, justice of tlie peace, and hotel- 
keeper. The pruscut station agent has held his 
place for 17 years. Population, 000. 

Rochelle, 75 miles from Chicago. This town 
is in Ogle county, 15 miles from Oregon, its county 
seat, which is reached by theCuiCAGO & Iowa R'y, 
a line that ruus from Rochelle to Forreston. Ogle 
county was organized in 1836; at its first election 
in 1837, only 190 votes were cast. The first wedding 
in the county was in 1833; the first birth in 1834; the 
first school opened and the first wheat grown in 
1834; the first post otlice established in IftJS, and the 
first mill built in 1836. Population, 28,000. Rochelle 
(formerly Lane, named after Dr. Lane of Rockford) 
was first settled in IS.iS. Population, about 2,000. 
It has widi', well graded and paved streets, many 
fine business blocks, six churches, several good 
schools, one occupying a building that cost $10,000, 
and that accommodates 300 pupils. Considerable 
manufacturing is carried on. Coal is plenty and 
cheap. Its hotels arc The Rochelle Ilouse, by 
D. J. Davis, and The Simpson, by A. Simpson. 
The CniiAc.o & Iowa R'l'runs nearly northwest 
from Kochelle, and oflers its merchants facilities 
for controlling the business of the county east of 
the Im.i.nois Central, Line. It is probably need- 
less to say that to reach Rochelle you should travel 
via the Chicago & North-Western Railway. 

FlagK, 79 miles from Chicago, is an unimportant 
station }i of a mile from Kite river, that ofi'ers fair 
fishing. On its banks quail and prairie chicken are 
found In large numbers. Flagg has one grain 
elevator. 

Ashton, 84 miles from Chicago. Crossing the 
county line wefind this station in Leecounty. This 
part of the county was the scene of many thrilling 
and interesting incidents connected with the 
"Black Hawk War." and here Nada-chnna-sed, as 
the Winnebago Indians called Col. John Dixon, 
acted the part of the friend and protector to Indian 
and white man many years before the city that now 
bears his name was thought of. In this vicinity 
are six large stone quarries, from which much fine 
building stone is being constantly shipped. The 
village has a population of 900, and has one good 
school, three churches, thirty-six business houses, 
and two hotels— The American Ilouse, kept by 
W. B. Welton, and The Ashton House, by E. H. 
Stoddart, each accommodating 75 guests at $1.50 
per day. 

Franklin, 88 miles from Chicago. This station 



is located in one of the most fertile portions of 
Lee county. Originally a naked prairie, it is now 
dotted all over with groves and belts of timber so 
that hardly a farm can be found that is not well 
supplied with wood grown on the ground. When 
first settled ttie only timber near was the grove 
from which the station takes its name. The village 
has 900 people, one school with four teachers, three 
churches, one flour mill, and a manufactory ol 
agricultural implements making a specialty of 
Emmert's seed drills. A. R. Whitney's mammoth 
fruit tree nursery and cider wine manufactory 
adjoin the village. The hotels are The Hughes 
House, by J. Hughes, 30 rooms, and The Franklin 
House, by Gideon Williams, 18 rooms, at $1 per day. 
Lee Center, 6 miles south, and Taylor, 6 miles 
north, are villages tributary to Franklin. 

Nachusa, 93 miles from Chicago. This village 
was named after one of the Indian names used to 
designate Col. John Dixon, (the word Nachnsa 
meaning " W'hite Head '"), who was the first white 
settler in the county. The population of this village 
numbers about 300. Grape vines are largely culti- 
vated in this vicinity. Col. Dysart (late of the 34th 
Illinois Infantry of the "War of the Rebellion") 
cultivates over 60 acres within half a mile of the 
station. TfAi/ei?ocA;, a poi)ular picnic and fishing 
resort, is 4 miles north, and is much frequented by 
parties from all portions of the State. The rock is 
a noted landmark, rising as it docs 60 feet above tho 
surface of the water of Rock river, and above '"^C 
surrounding prairie. 

Dixon, 98 miles from Chicago. Dixon is the 
county seat of Lee county. This county wa£ 
organized in 1839, has 22 townships, and a popular 
tion of over 32,000 souls. Col. John Dixon, who 
yet lives (aged 91 years) in the suburbs of the 
city that was named after him, was the first white 
settler, coming here in 1830, when the Indians held 
all this fertile valley. Col. Dixon fouud Ogee, a 
half-breed, occupying a log cabin on the river's 
bank at a point afterwards known as Dixon's Ferry, 
and now known as the city of Dixon. Buying 
this cabin. Col. Dixon made it his ln)mo, and here 
he brought his wife in 1831. She was the first 
white woman who saw the Rock Ri ver \'alloy. The 
first house in the county was built in 18-32. In 
1835 a town was surveyed at Dixon's Ferry. In 
1837 the county contained 13 families. la 1845 the 
river was dammed, and active milling operations 
began. Since that time the city of Dixon, with its 
6,000 people, and the county adjoining, shows what 
changes have taken place. Of all the counties in 
Illinois, few eqial Lee in productiveness of soil, and 
none surpass it in beauty of surface and healthful- 
ness of climate. This western Eden, in the northern 
portion of the Rock River Valley, has lost none o. 
those attraciions whiih famous writers have Si 
beautifully delineated in both prose and poetry. 
Forty years, it is true, have worked wonderfu 
changes. Then it had been said that the countr; 
bore the character of one that had been inhabited 
by a people skilled in all the ornamental arts of 
landscape gardening. Villages, castles, and inclos- 
ures only were wanting; everywhere were l.iwns» 
flowers and gardihis, and stately parks, as if they 
had been scattered by the hand of art at equal 
iutervals, with frequent deer and peaceful cattle, 



The Chicago & North- Western Railm^\.y. 



13 



yet all more suggestive of man than of nature. 
These lovely features still remain, and the herd- 
liave multiplied a thousand-fold. The villages have 
epruug up as it were in a day. The iuclosures have 
been built, the stately thickets have grown to lux- 
uriant forests, and what was then a paradise to the 
-eye has become the fruitful garden of the world. 
Only a few years have passed since " Black Hawk " 
made these beautiful regions romantic willi mem- 
ories of Indian warfare, and gave to tiie " Rock 
River Valley " associations like those of " the dark 
and bloody ground" of Kentucky. But these 
events have almost passed out of recollection, and 
the traveler as he whirls over the country in a 
palatial car, is no longer pointed to the spot where 
the red man last struggled against the white 
usurper for the home of his fathers. 

The city of Dixon is built on both sides of Rock 
river, which is here crossed by two handsome 
bridges. Its tine water power is utilized by many 
large manufacturing interests, amongst whiclt may 
be named a sash, blind and door factory employing 
12 men, Dixou city mills with 4 men, foundry and 



efficient fire department, three newspapers, three 
large and fine school buildings and several smaller 
ones, and the Rock River University, a popular and 
growing college, with a full corps of thoroughly 
educated professors. The business portion of the 
city is built on the sides of hills sloping towards 
the river, wHth the residence portion on the higher 
hills beyond. It is one of the most sightly and 
enterprising cities in the, West, and bids fair to 
attain very large proportions. Col. John Dement, 
who made a national reputation in the "Black 
Hawk War,' still has his home here. 

In the vicinity of Dixon are many attractive re- 
sorts and mucli picturesque stencry, a portion of 
which we illustrate. A small steamer runs between 
Dixon and Grand Be Tour, 13 miles, and passes 
en route many islands and picturesque points of 
interest. Vi^^itors to Dixon will be amply paid by 
taking a trip on the river and spending several 
days in its vicinity. The river provides ample 
fishing grounds, and the fisherman will be abun- 
dantly repaid by angling in its waters. Game 
abounds, the golden plover, upland plover, the 




Olxon, III.— On the Rock River. 



machine shops with 10 men, Bennett, Thompson & 
Funk's mill with 12 men. Baker & Underwood 42 
jnen, a fias and bagging factory 80 men. The Grand 
De Tour Plow Works 70 men, Vann & Mean's 
carriage factory, 15 men, Adams & Davis 20 men, a 
■woolen mill 10 men, a wind mill and pump shop 12 
men, and Orvis & Co. plow works 75 men. Over 
$600,000 are here invested in manufacturing estab- 
lishments.ooerating over 500 men, and paying out in 
wages over $20,000 monthly. Yet with all of these 
factories iii active operation, less than one-sixth of 
the water power is used. Large quantities of lime of 
a superior quality is made here. The city is well 
supplied with hotels, of which the following are the 
best— The Nachusa House, by Major Cheney, for 
150 guests: The Railroad House, by Person Cheney, 
with rooms for 100 guests, and a dining room that 
can seat JOO passengers at the dining tables that are 
60 largely patronized by the through passengers of 
the great California route, at least two through 
■trainsdining here daily; The City Hotel, by Ludwig 
Baker ; The Washington, by M. Remers ; and The Re- 
vere by Mr. Iluntlej'. In the city are seven churches, 
two national banks, three public halls, the city and 
county bnilding, ample gas works, an active and 



Englisli, or jack snipe and woodcock being espe- 
cially plentiful. 

At Dixon we cross the Northern Division of the 
Illinois Central Railroad, and by this road 
passengers can reach Polo, Forreston, Lena, Xora, 
Warren, Oalena and Dubuque and Mineral Point, 
Calamine and PlaUville north, as well as Arnboy, 
La Salle, Wenona, Minonk, El Paso, Normal, 
Bloominglon, and other points south. For other 
connections, via Illinois Central Railroad, see 
" Freeport." 

Nelson, 104 miles from Chicago. This station 
was opened in 1857, and is located one mile south of 
Rock River, on a rolling prairie. It has six schools, 
occupying school houses that cost $1,.300 each; one 
church, but no saloons or liquor stores, as liquor is 
not allowed to be sold within one mile of tlie corpo- 
ration limits. The population number over tjOO, 
and draw their business and support from the rich 
farmers of the surrounding country. 

Sterling, 110 miles from ChicaL'o, is a flourishing 
city of (1,000 people, situate on the north bank of 
Rock river. The city is lighted with gas, has water 
works, obtaining its sup;)ly from an artesian well, 
1,653 feet deep, from which the water is thrown to 



14 



The NonxH and West Illustrated. 



a height of 14 feet, and in quantity large enough to 
Bupply the entire city ; many fine school houses, 
twelve churches, two banks, two newspapers, two 
reading roomt*, one large public hall, an opera 
house, and many large manufacturing establish- 
ments. It has ample hotel accommodations. Five 
miles west of this station the Kockpokb, Rock 
IsL.\ND & St. Louis Railuoad forms junction with 
the Chicago & North- Western Railway, and over 
our tracks runs its trains to our depot at Sterling. 
By this connection, Lyndon, Moline, Hock Island, 
and Davenport can be reached, as well as many 
towns-eouth of Rock Island. 

Gait, 113 miles from Chicago. Population about 
100. It has one school, with public hall in its upper 
Btory. Coma, one mile south, on Elkhorn creek, 
populijtiou 300, and celebrated in "stage days" 
as location of best hotel in the State ; Empire, 
one mile north ; Milledgeville, 18 miles north ; 
Cole/a, 12 miles north, are tributary to this station, 
and are reached by tri-wecklj* stage lines. Fare to 
•Coleta 50 ctB., and to Milledgeville 75 cte. The 



in 1855, incorporated as a village in 1856, and aa a 
city in 18G9. It has a graded school, with eight 
teachers and 1,000 scholars, in a building that cost 
$25,000; seven flrst-class churches, several agricul- 
tural implement and carriage factones, four flour 
mills, and a public hall, fitted up with stage and 
scenery, costing $15,000, and capable of seating 
800 persons. The city is supplied with water 
works, drawing full supply from artesian wells. 
Rock creek is three-quarters of a mile distant, 
and has good water power on it. B. C. Bailey & 
Sons keep The Revere House; can accommodate 
100 guests, and charge $2 per day. Three other 
hotels also offer accommodations, at about $1 per 
day. Lyndon, 9 miles; Prophetstown, 11 miles; 
and Spring Hill, 18 miles distant, are reached by- 
daily stage Hues. 

Union Grove, 138 miles from Chicago, is the 
next station reached. It is eight miles from the 
Mississippi river, has a population of 100, and ships 
large quantity of grain, from a steam elevator, 
operated, at the depot, by E. O. Sherwin. 




Rock River University, Olxon, III.— page 13. 



country surrounding Gait is prairie— rich, produc- 
tive, and all thickly settled. 

Koek Island Junction, 115 miles from Chi- 
cago. At this poiiit the Kockfoud, Rock Island & 
St. Loi'is Railw.w branches oil", and runs south- 
wardly. (See Sterling.) Empire is 2>^ miles dis- 
tant on Elkhorn creek; it has flour mills, a woolen 
factory, and one church. 

Round (irove, 11'.) miles from Chicago, is built 
on the prairie, .3>^ miles from Hock river, and has 
one school, one church, and one co-operative butter 
factory. .\t thi^ i)oint was erected the lir.-it saw- 
mill built in Whiteside county. 

Morrison, 119 miles from Chicago. This is the 
county seat of Whiteside county, which was or- 
ganized in 1839, and now has a population of over 
35,000 souls. The county court house is a flue 
building, and cost $250,000 in 18W. The city has 
a population of 3,000. It was named after a 
Charles Morrison, of New York city ; was laid out 



Fulton Junction, 135 miles from Chicago. At 
this point we reach and cross the West?:kn I'niow 
Railroad. By this connection we can reach Al- 
bany, Cordova, Port Byron, Han nl on, Moline and 
Jiock Island, south, »ud Savanna, Mount Carroll, 
Lanark, and Shannon, north. All trains make 
close connections here at a union depot. 

Fulton, 136 miles from Chicago. This city, with 
a population of 2,500, is on the east bank of the Mis- 
sissippi river. Itis theseat of the Northern Illinois 
College, occupying buildings that coft $100,000, 
and having 125 students. The city is well built, on 
a commanding ])osition on the blufl°s ; has fine 
schools, with an average attendance of 500 scholars; 
five churches; and two saw-mills, making each 
3,000,000 feet of lumber, and employing 60 men» 
yearly. The Juuction House, by Mrs. R. S. Sayre, 
has rooms for 75 guests ; The Union House, by 
F. Marceiius, accommodates 40, and The Revere,, 
by J. C. Kilgore, 65 persons, at $2 per diem. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



15 



ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI. 

One hundred and thirty-seven miles west of Chicago, we reach the Mississippi 
river, and cross it on a magnificent iron bridge, owned and used exclusively by this 
railway company. This was the second bridge that was completed across this river, 
and to-day stands unsurpassed for beauty, strength and permanency. Its length is 4,219 
feet, and it has nine iron spans over west channel, and three iron spans and a "draw " 
over main channel. The original bridge was of wood, was built in 1865, and has 
since been rebuilt of iron, the American Bridge Co. building three spans and the 
draw, and the Detroit, Keystone and Phcenixville Bridge Companies each building two 
spans. 

Clinton, 138 miles Irom 

Chicago. This city, with its 

11,000 people, is located on the 

west bank of the Mississippi 

river, at the west end of the 

bridge. The Iowa Railroad 

Land Company owned the 

ground on which the city is 

built, and desiring to have a 

town built at the most easterly 

point of their possessions, in 

1855 laid out the present city 

of Clinton. Thecompany built 

a church, a school house, and a 

"tavern," and since then the 

entire city has grown up around 

that nucleus. No city in the 

country is more indebted to 

railroads than Clinton. It has 

been built up by the influence "^ 

of this railway, and by the facil- 
ities it offered to trade. Few 

cities anywhere, and certainly 

none in Iowa, control as large 

influence in the State as is done 

by this city. Its trade is im- 
mense, and is fast increasing, 

lumber and agricultural imple- 
ments being leading staples in 
the city's trade. Its manufac- 
turing interests are large. 
It has four banks, ten 
hotels, twelve churches, five ward schools, a high 
school, a fine masonic hall, an odd fellows' hall, a 
driving park, two public city parks, gas and water 
works, efiicient fire and police departments, a fine 
turner hall, county court house, etc. Its streets are 
wide, well paved as a rule, and shaded with orna- 
mental trees. Within the city limits are fine stone 
quarries, giving excellent building stone. Its 

THE CHICAGO, DUBUQUE <& LA CROSSE LINE. 

It will be observed, by examining our maps, that we show a line to Dubuque and 
La Crosse, via Clinton. While the Chicago & North-Western Railway Co. does not 
own the line north of Clinton, yet we give to and receive from that line a large trade, 
and it forms the northern end of the line named above. It runs along the west bank 
of the Mis.sissippi river, and within a stone's throw of it most of the way. A more 
pleasurable trip cannot be taken than one along this line in the summer season. Start- 
ing northward from Clinton it passes through Lyons, Snbula, a thriving village of 




Clinton, Iowa— From the Bluffs. 



" Press " takes a leading position not only in the 
State but in adjoining Sta'cs. Taken all in all, it 
will be difficult to find a more attractive, driving, 
thoroughly go-ahead city. The Chicago & North- 
Western Railway Co. have large repair and machine 
shops, and the office of the Superintendent of the 
Iowa Division here. 



The North and West Illustrated. 



1,100 people; BcUevue, with 2,000 inhabitants; Dubuque, the northern "gate city" 
of Iowa, with its 22,000 people ; iSj>echt's Ferry, with 1,000 population ; Bv^na Vinta, 
population 500; (near here a branch line runs westward, and passes through JS'iA7'or<, 
with 1,200 people; Litileport, with 200 ; and Volya City, with 1,500; and through 
several smaller villages) ; Guttenbeig, with 1,500 inhabitants; Clayton, with 1,100; 
McGregor a.u6. NortJi. McGregor, with 5,000 inhabitants, (connected with Prairie du 
Chien by bridge and ferry); Uarpei-'s Ferry, with 500; Lansing, with 3,000 inhabitants; 
BroimviUe, with 700 people ; and to La Crosse {La Crescent), where a junction is 

formed with 

The Southern Minnesota Railroad. 

B}' this connection we have access to and from the towns along that line. Beside pass- 
ing through smaller places, it runs through Ilokah, with 950 ; Houston, with 1,000; 
RusJiford, with 3,000; Lanesboro, with l,n00; Spring VaUey, with 1,500; Ramsey, an 
important junction (the crossing of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway) ; Albert 
Lea, with 3,000; Alden, 800; Welh, w ith 1,500; Belavan, 900; and to Winnebago, 170 
miles west of La Crescent, with its 3,000 people. This line runs through the great 
wheat region of Minnesota, and transports nearly one-third of the entire wheat yield 
of the State. 



STILL WESTWARD. 

Returning to Clinton after our trip over the Chicago, Clinton & Dubuque, Chicago, 
Dubuque & Minnesota, and Southern Minnesota Railroads, or if we continued west- 
ward without having left the train at Clinton, w-e next reach 



Camanrhe, 143 miles from Chicago. The city 
of sanu' name is one mile from the station, is on 
the west bank of the Mississippi river, and opposite 
tlie month of the Meredosia river, of Illinois. This 
'flst named river has large meadows or dry marshes 
(if they may be so named) extending for many 
miles along either bank, and furnishing the best 
dnck, geese, brant and crane shooting that can be 
found in the West. Thousands of these birds are 
ehot here every season, and hundreds of sportsmen 
visit these grounds from all [/arts of the country. 
Camanche furnishes many of the "outfits" for 
these hunting parties. In this city of 1,000 people, 
are large steam saw mills, one flour mill, three 
cliurches, several good schools and The New Haven 
Hotel, kept by P. Anthony, who charges $2.00 per 
day. On the east hank of the Mississippi river are 
many Indian mounds. 

Low Moor, 1-18 miles west of Chicago. This 
town, pop. 500, was laid out in 18.58. It is 4 miles 
north of the Wapsipinicon river, a stream noted for 
Its most excellent shooting. Ducks, geese, and 
brant abound on the rivei" and in the bayous setting 
into It. Snipe, several varieties, woodcock, prairie 
chicken and quail are found iu countless numbers 
along its banks. In the village is one wagon fac- 
tory, one clnirch, one school house, and one hotel, 
by J. E. Mudgett, who charges $1.50 per day. 
Elnra, a village of 30O people, having one 
hotel and two churches, is 4 miles north, and is 
reached by mail stage three times weekly. 

Malone, 152 miles west of Chicago. 

De Witt, 157 miles west of Chicago, has a popula- 
tion of 2..j(X). It is well built, on a prairie sloping 
towards the south, and surrounded by groves ; has 
good graded schools, one occupying a building 



that cost $28,000, and that seats 600 pupils; aeon- 
vent and school of the " Sisters of the Sacred 
Heart"; a town hall, costing $12,000; court house, 
costing $12,000; masonic and odd fellows' halls, cost- 
ing $5,000 each; one good newspaper, and several 
large manufacturing concerns, amongst which those 
of T. F. Butterfleld and A. B. Cnmmings employ 
75 men each. The Gates House, by J. M. Gates, 
has 60 rooms, and charges $2 per day. Within two 
miles of this station are five hominy mills, manu- 
facturing over 500 barrels of hominy per day. At 
this point we cross the Maquoketa branch of the 
Davenport & St. Paul Railway, which line gives 
us connections for Long Grore. Eldridge and Dao- 
enport in the south, and Welfon, Ddmar and 
Maquokelain the north. At Wheatland we croes 
another branch of this road. 

Grand Mound, 163 miles west of Chicago. This 
village, of 2,50 people, is built on a high monnd 
(hence its name), from whence the surrounding 
prairie can be seen for many miles in every direc- 
lion. It is in one of the best farming regions In 
the State. Wild laud is selling for from $25 to $50 
per acre. The village has one school, one church 
and two fair hotels. Large shipments of hogs and 
cattle are made from this station. 

Calamus, 169 miles from Chicago. It has popu- 
lation of 500 ; was incorporated in 1875 ; has one 
church and one pood school. The land surround 
wz the village is somewhat sandy, but is very pro- 
lific. 

Wheatland, 173 miles west of Chicago. This 
station, with population of 1,500, is near the Wapsi- 
pinicon river, and many sportsmen come here to 
shoot ducks, geese, snipe and woodcock, and to 
fish for the many varieties of fish with which the 



The Chicago & Noeth-Western Railway. 



17 



jiver is stocked. It has a fair hotel. The Wheat 
land House, by E. M. Tucker, accommodating 50 
guests, at $2 per day. At this point we make con- 
nections with the Davenport & St. Paul Rail- 
way, for Toronto, Oxford Mills, Wyoming, Mon- 
ticello, Ilopklnfon, Delhi, Delaivare and Fayette in 
the north, and for Eldridge and Davenport in the 
south. The passenger trains make close connec- 
tions here. 

lioudon, 178 miles from Chicago. Wo have now 
passed over into Cedar county, and are, by stage, 
16 miles from Tipton, the county seat. (See Tip- 
ton.) Loudon has 900 inhabitants, and is one of 
the regular "dining stations"' of this line. It is four 
miles from the " Wapsie " river, and is surrounded 
by fine stock and gra'n farms. It has two schools, 
three churches, one grain elevator, four public halls, 
and many good business houses. The Railroad 
House, by Raymond & Risley, is at the depot, and 
is very popular with the traveling public. The St. 
Cloud is a good hotel, by C. W. Hassett; charges, 
$1.50 per day. Hock, 10 miles south, and Masillon 
and Toronto, each five miles northwardly, are 
reached by stage. 

Clarence, 185 miles from Chicago, has a popu- 
lation of 1,000 persons, most of whom are from 
2^evv England. The town is built on ground some- 
what elevated, and has wide, clean streets. It has 
one graded school, four churches, one flour mill, 
two hotels, several grain warehouses. Many fine 
horses are raised in the vicinity, and several Bos- 
ton, Mass., horse buyers, make this their head- 
quarters. 

Stan wood, 190 miles from Chicago. This sta- 
tion was opened in 1869; the town laid out by Mal- 
ley & Preston, and named after H. P. Stanwood, 
the then Superintendent of the Iowa Division of 
this road. The village has a population of 400, and 
Is surrounded by most excellent farming and graz- 
ing land. It has a good school, four hotels— The 
Houghton House being the best; two churches, and 
a grain elevator. An artesian well, 112 feet deep, and 
throwing the water 60 feet in heiglit, supplies the 
village with good pure water. Fine building stone 
is quarried a few miles off. At this point the Stan- 
wood & Tipton Railway (owned by this Com- 
pany,) branches off the main road and runs eight 
miles south-east to Tipton. Passenger trains run 
between Stanwood and Tipton, and connect with 
all the passenger trains of the main road. 

Walden, 194 miles from Chicago, is four miles 
south of Stanwood, on the Stanwood and Tipton 
branch. Is an unimportant stopping place. 

Tipton, 198 miles from Chicago, is at the south- 
em terminus of the Stanwood & Tipton Railroad, 
and is the county seat of Cedar county. Cedar 
county was organized In 1837, in what was then 
part of the territory of Wisconsin. The early set- 
tlers were from Ohio, Pennsylvania and New Eng- 
land, and the county yet bears many marks of the 
enterprise and intelligence of these pioneers. The 
county has over 25,000 people, and last year sold 
over .3,00<1,000 bushels of corn, 700,000 of wheat, 
700,000 of oats, 200,000 of barley, and 60,000 hogs. 
The court house, that cost $45,000, was built m 
1860. The city of Tipton was laid out in 1840, and 
incorporated in 1857. Ii nns 2,000 population, a 



fine city hall, that cost, in 1873, $20,000 ; several 
good schools, a ladies' seminary. The Fleming 
Hotel, by Mrs. C. Fleming, with 30 rooms, at $1 per 
day, and The City Hotel, by — Miller, with 25 rooms, 
at $1 per day. W. H. Tuthill has =.i this town a 
private library containing over 5,000 volumes. 
WiWoft, 15 miles south, and Rochester, 7 miles dis- 
tant, are reached, daily, by stage. Several rail- 
roads have been projected and graded through 
Tipton, but excepting the Stanwood & Tipton 
Railway, none have been completed. The suiface 
of Cedar county is rolling, and is about evenly di- 
vided between prairie and timber. The Cedar river 
and several small tributaries run through the 
county, giving the citizens fine water power, and 
togelher with the fine grasses native in the county, 
renderitoue of the best dairy and stock counties 
there is in the State of lowa. 

Mechanicsville, 195 miles from Chicago. Re- 
turning to the main road again, we find this pleas- 
ant village of 1,500 people, built on a long ridge of 
elevated ground parallel with the railroad ; the main 
street, over one mile long, follows this ridge. 
Before the railroad was built, a village called 
Iroquois had been started here, and to-day many of 
the citizens "stick to "the old name. The fair 
grounds of the District Agricultural Society of 
Cedar, Jones, Linn and Johnston counties, are 
located here The village has two schools, one 
occupying a house that cost $15,000, four churches, 
twelve stores, three grain elevators, " The Pioneer" 
holding 30,000 bushels. The City Hotel, by H. T. 
Williams, has 30 rooms, and charges $2 per day. 
Cedar Blvffs, 10 miles south, and Gotver's Ferry, 
7 miles north, are post villages tributary to and 
reached by stage from this station. A semi-weekly 
stage also runs to Iowa City, 

Liisbon, 202 miles west of Chicago, is a village 
in Linn county, of 900 people, built in the centre of 
a rich and thickly settled prairie, where land is 
selling from $40 to $75 per acre. The village is half a 
mile from station, which is reached by plank road 
and wooden sidewalks. It has one school, with 
five teachers, five churches, one public hall, several 
brick blocks, one of which is owned and occupied 
by the First National bank, and which would be 
called a fine building even in Chicago, and an agri- 
cultural implement factory, making Kynes' Com 
Planter a ..pecialty. The City, Clifton and Kailroad 
are the principal hotels. At this station the railroad 
company have constantly stored about 10,000 tona 
of coal. 

Mount Vernon, 203 miles from Chicago. This 
village has a resident population of 1,200 people. 
It is built on ground elevated above the railway 
some 80 feet, and being in the best wooded portion 
of Iowa, enjoys immunity from the bleak winds 
and storms that afflict many other neighlMirhoods. 
It has two churches, a large woolen factory, and 
several good schools, but the "lion " and pride of 
the town and vicinity is " The Cornell College," 
(see cut), which was named after W. W. Cornell, 
of New York City. The cullege buildings are built 
in the centre of a tract of 30 acreB,of which one-fourth 
is forest ; from the roof of the buildings the adjoining 
country lor .30 or 40 miles around can be seen with 
its towns and villages. The college has 20 profefr 



18 



The North and West Illustrated. 



sore and over 500 etudents; the buildings are ht'ng 
enlarged to accommodate 1,000 pupils. It has a 
military depurtmuut, presided over by a regular 
army otlUer. detailed by the War Department for 
this piirpost. Tlie United Slates has furnished 
arms for llie students, and a battery of artillery for 
drill. The chapel was built by the Iowa Methodist 
Conference when the instilutiou was called " The 
Iowa Conference Seminary." 

■Bertram, 210 miles from Chicago, Is a village 
of 200 i)L'Oi)le; it is built on nearly level prairie, but 
is surrounded by high and somewhat broken 
ground. It has one school, one church, and a saw 
and flour mill. It needs a grain buyer. The Ameri- 
can House, by II. A. Herry, with 10 rooms, at $1 
per day, accommodates the transient guests. 

Linn County. We have, since we passed Lis- 




The Chapel, Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. 



bon, been in Linn county. It was organized in 
1837, when Iowa was yet a portion of Wisconsin 
Territory, and was named after U. S. Senator Lewis 
Linn, of Missouri. The county seat is at Marion, 
5 miles northw<5st of Cedar Rapids. Population in 
1875, 37,000. The county contains 460,000 acres of 
land, of which 195,000 acres were covered with 
heavy oak, walnut, maple, and other hard timber. 
240,000 acres in the county are cultivated, and last 
year produced 5,2.')0,G00 bushels of grain. Linn 
county was celebrated in " Indian days," and many 
legends are told about it. Of these one in regard 
to the Kapids, now Cedar Rajiida City, has been 
IH<eserved in verse as follows: 



LEGEND OP THE CEDAR RAPIDS. 

There's a legend from of old, 

Indian propliesy 'tis called — 
Whence it Clime or where 'twas told, 

Age or race does not unfold. 
Born upon the pregn;int breeze, 

(irowing in the blissful air. 
Breathed in every breath with ease. 

Mortals thus inhaled it there. 

" In the fulness of time with wings shall come, 
" An angel race from the rising sun ; 
" Myriad in number, like licht in their thought, 
"Time shall not end till their destiny ^. wrought, 
"And peace and prosperity with them' shall reign.'* 

This sachems, chiefs, their peoples taught, 

As yearly to this quiet ford. 
Each annual pilgrimage, they brought 

Their tribes, to spend their festival. 
A joyous thought to every will. 

To mark the spot, the link to hold. 
From the pure stream each took a shell. 

As on the shore their mound will tell. 

The county is well watered, having many 
streams running through it. 

Cedar Kapids, 219 miles west of Chicago. 
This city, one of the most important In the 
State, is built on both sides of Cedar river, 
and bids fair to become the great manufac- 
turing city of the State. The city is ihe 
most extensive railroad centre in the State. 
The adjoining county is fertile and well 
settled. The town site was located at the 
head of the rapids on the Cedar river in 
1838; a town laid out in 1842; incorporated 
as a city in 1856, (in those days it was the 
head of steamboat navigation on the Cedar, 
and then steamboats ran up as far as Cedar 
Falls, 05 miU^s north). In 1869 a permanent 
water power, with first-class dam, was com- 
pleted, at an expense of $50,000. The 
power is equal to 1,200 horsepower, of which 
only 300 horse power is used. This town 
has had a rapid growth since 1S69 ; the cen- 
sus in 1873 gave 4,0S9; in 1875, 7,4;30; and 
to-day it is over 8,000. It is essentially a 
manufacturing town. Many establishments 
are already in successful operation, the lead- 
ing ones being pork packing houses, wagon 
factories, oat-meal mills, linseed oil mills, 
steam cracker factory, agricultural imple- 
iiiont manufactories, woolen and knitting 
mills. Hour mills, organ factory, breweries, 
and one railroad (Burlington, Cedar Rapids 
& Minesota") machine shop, which is perma- 
nently located here, and for which the city 
donated $60,000. It has four grain eleva- 
tors, two manufacturing printing houses, 
and many smaller manufactories. Its wholesale 
business is so extensive that eighty traveling 
agents arc constantly employed in looking after 
its interest. The following corporations have 
their headquarters here : Iowa Railroad Lan^ 
Company, has 1.200,000 acres of laud for sale in 
Iowa, much of it on the line of this railway; 
The Blair Town Lot and Land Co., The Cedar 
Rapids & Missouri River R. R. Co., Iowa Falls & 
Sioux City R. R. Co., Sioux City & Pacific R'y, 
Fremont, Elkhoru & Missouri Valley R. R. Co., 
Sioiix City and Iowa Falls Land and Town Lot Co., 
Elkhorn Land and Town Lot Co., Moingona Coal 
Co., and The Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Min- 



The Chicago & Nobth-Western Railway. 



1» 



neeota R'y Co. Of banking and insurance com- 
panies, there are The First National Bank, with 
$100,000 capital; The City National Bank, $100,000; 
The Union Bank, with $325,000; and The Farmers' 
Insurance Co., with $125,000. There are twelve 
churches, with buildings that cost $189,000, and 
colleges and schools.with buildings costing $180,000. 
It has gas works, costing $50,U00 ; water works, 
costing $75,000; three iron bridges across Cedar 
river, that runs through the city, costing $103,000; 
post office, built in 1874, costing $20,000; city hall 
and engine house, costing, in 1869, $15,000; an opera 
house, costing $20,000; and fire department appa- 
ratus, consisting in part of one steam, one Bab- 
cock and two hand Are engines, etc., costing 
$15,000. The total debt of the city is only $37,000. 
In hotels, the city is represented by The Pullman 
House, Brown's Hotel, The Centennial House and 
The Valley House; their charges range from $1.50 
to $2.50 per diem. The city is well built, has fine 
brick blocks, wide, well-paved streets, fine resi- 
dences, a public library, masonic and odd fellows' 
halls, and a daily and four weekly newspapers. We 
form a junction here with the Dubuque South- 
western Railway, which runs northeast to Par- 
ley, on the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central. 
By this connection we are enabled to reach Marion, 
Springville, Viola, Monticello, Farley and Dubuque, 
and to this point passengers from the West should 
come when going into Northern Iowa and Southern 
Central Minnesota. Here, also, we cross the line 
of the Burlington, Cedak Rapids & Minnesota 
Railway, over which route our passengers and 
freight for Shellsburg, VirJon, La Porte, Waterloo, 
Cedar Falls, Shell Rock, Clarksville, Rockfield, la., 
Nora Junction, and Austin, Minn., find through 
trains and close connections. Traflic for Lin7i, 
Independence, West Union, Clermont and Postville 
is also sent over the Postville branch of this road. 

"West Rapids, is one mile west of Cedar Rapids. 
Passenger trains do not stop. 

Fairfax, 228 miles from Chicago. The corpo- 
rate name of the village, population 200, is Vander- 
bilt. It has one school and three churches. 

Norway, 234 miles west of Chicago. Passing 
out of Linn we enter Benton county, and reach 
this station, which has a population of 400, and 
one flour mill, one school and three churches. The 
village was platted and named (after the native 
country of the founder,) in 186-3. ' The surrounding 
county affords fine prairie chicken shooting. 

Watkins, 2.39 miles west of Chicago, was named 
after the lamented .John B. Watkins, who was killed 
while in the line of his duty as Superintendent of 
this "The Iowa Division" of the C. & N.-W. Ry. 
The village was laid out in 1873, has 100 population, 
two grain elevators, and a large trade with the sur- 
rounding country. Prairie creek runs past station. 

Blairstown, 244 miles west of Chicago. This 
town of 1,.500 people is in Benton county, which 
was organized in 1840, and now has ovur 40,000 poji- 
nlation. The county is nearly evenly divided 
between prairie and timber, is well watered, and 
has a productive and rich soil. It is a fine grain 
and stock county, and is rapidly growing rich. The 
station was named after John I. Blair, of New 
Jersey, who was largely interested in building the 
railroad through this county. The village was 



incorporated in 1869, and has good schools, a female 
seminary, four steam grain elevators, one flour 
mill, four churches, and The State Blind Asylum. 
The Pennsylvania House, by H. & L. Gund, is the 
best hotel. Vinton, the county seat, is 20 miles dis- 
tant. Small game is plentiful around Blairstown, 
and in Cedar river and in Prairie creek pike and 
bass weighing 2 to 25 lbs. are caught. 

Luzerne, 249 miles from Chicago. 

Belle Plaine, 254 miles west of Chicago, is 25 
miles by daily stage from Vinton, and IV2 miles 
from the Iowa river and from Salt creek, both 
streams being "full of fish." Dysart, 29 miles 
north, is reached via Waltham semi-weekly by stage, 
fare $1.50, and Victor, 12 miles south, is reached 
tri-weekly by stage, fare .50 cts. The town has a 
population of 2,100, and three schools, three 
churches, one public hall, a repair and other shops 
belonging to this railroad, a masonic hall, for meet- 
ings of lodge, chapter and commandery, an odd 
fellows' hall, two newspapers, flour mills, grain 
elevators, and many handsome business blocks. 
The hotels are The Sherman House, by J. F. Dunn, 

The Tremont, by White, The Union, by Mrs. 

Neagle, and The Gei-man, by F. Krabbenholft, with 
prices ranging from $1.00 to $2.00 per day. In the 
forests surrounding the village deer and wild tur- 
keys are found, and on the prairie, chickens, quail, 
woodcock, snipe, and other game birds abound. 
Duck, geese and brant are found in all the streams, 
sloughs and bayous— in fact, this is the centre of 
the game region of Iowa. Vinton, though not a 
station on our line, yet is so plainly tributary to it 
that we feel that we should say that it is the county 
seat of Benton county, has 3,500 population, county 
court house, jail and other public buildings, several 
fine schools, churches, public halls, masonic lodges, 
chapter, commandery, and similar bodies of odd fel- 
lows, etc. This city is best reached via Cedar Rapids, 
from which point a line of railroad runs direct. 

Chelsea, 260 miles from Chicago. We now 
come to Tama county, (see Toledo.) Chelsea has 
300 population, one fair hotel, one grain elevator, 
P. A. Boomer & Co.'s manufactory of wooden 
"measures, cheese boxes, etc., and two steam saw- 
mills. It is 1 mile north of the Iowa river. Otter 
creek runs through the north part of the village. 
Haven, 6 miles southwest, and Helena, 5 miles 
south, are tributary to this station. 

Tama, 270 miles from Chicago, is built on the 
north bank of the Iowa river. Fine building stone, 
plenty of timber, and good brick clay are found 
close to the town, thus giving facilities for building 
cheaply. The town has 2,000 people, one school 
occupying a house that cost $2.5,000, two churches, 
four banks, and several large bui-iness blocks. 
Three and a half miles from the city The Tama 
Hydraulic Co. have spent $100,000 in damming and 
otherwise utilizing the waters of Iowa river, and 
ha"e developed what is said to be the best water 
power in the State. By canal and an expensive 
aqueduct the water is carried into the suburbs of 
Tama, where it is deposited in an artificial reservoir 
covering over 50 acres. A fall of 20 feet is thus 
secured, and produces over 1,200 horse power. 
Several manufacturingestablishments, such as plow 
works, flour mills, furnitnre factories, pump facto- 
ries, etc., are already in operation on this water power. 



20 



The North and West Illustrated. 



TUB TOLEDO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY 

Starts from Tama, and runs three miles northwest to the county seat, Toledo, 273 
miles from Chicago, which is reached only by this route. This road was built in 
1871, by local aid mostly. W. F. Johnson, is Pres., L. Clark, Vice-Pres., C. C. Whit- 
ten, Gen. Agent, and D. D. Applegate, Treas. Tama county is well watered by Iowa 
river. Wolf creek, and other streams of pure spring water. It was organized in 1852, 
and now has 18,000 population. The county is underlaid with magnesian limestone 
and Oolite marble, that are worked to a considerable extent. The marble is suscep- 
tible of a liigh polish, and will be a source of wealth to the county in the future. 
Much of the land of the county is prairie, and has a deep, rich and lasting soil. 
In the northern part of the county is an Indian reservation, on which is a family 
of the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians (here called Mas-qua-kees.) They number about 
400 souls, and each receives annually $35 in money from the United States ; a farmer 
is also emploved by the Government. They and their farm and farmer are under 
the charge of T. S. Free. Toledo has a court house costing $30,000, jail, $10,000, 
six public snhoois, eight churciies, three banks, two newspapers, and a goodly num- 
ber of business houses. Truer is 20 miles distant, and can be reached tri-weekly by 
stage; fare $1.50. Returning again to the main line and passing westward, we reach 



Montour, 278 mili^s from Chicago. 

Le Grand, 280 miles from Chicago, is built on 
«levated prairie, li4 miles west of the itation, the 
station l^eing in Tama county, and the village in 
Marshall cou'^ty. The village has a population of 
400 soul.s, many of whom are Friends (Quakers), 
and heretliey have a meeting house and a " Friends 
Academy." The Christian Church has also an 
educational institution at this point. Both occupy 
fine hnildings, which are located ou elevated and 
commanding ground. 

Quarry, 2,S3 miles west of Chicago. This vil- 
lage, with 800 people, is iu Marshall county, and is 
noted for its fine building stone, that is here quar- 
ried constantly by over 100 men. In fact, the stone 
interest is about all there is here. The Quarry City 
Hotel, is kept by •!. M. Jones, and eniertaius guests 
at $2 per day. Spring Creek, Xi miles north, finds 
lis markets here. 



Marshalltown, 28!) miles from Chicago. This 
is the county seat of Marshall county, which was 
organized in 1849, and has 21,000 population. The 
county is well watered by the Iowa, Linn, Timber, 
Minervaand Wolf rivers, and along all these streams 
are found large bodies of heavy timber. Coal is 
found in Bangor township, but as yet is not largely 
mined. The city is handsomely built, contains 
5,500 people, i>' incorporated, has gas works, three 
large bride school houses, seven churches, two flour 
mills, a chair factory, a linseed oil mill, a steam 
printing oflice, and two banks. The Boardman, 
Williard, Bowler, City, Central, and American 
hotels together can accommodate ijOO guests. Their 
rates vary from $1 to $2.50 per day. Grundij Centre, 
21 miles north, and Newton, 30 miles south, can be 
reached, weekly, by stage; fare to the first, $1.50, 
and to the last, $2.00. 



TUE CENTRAL RAILROAD OF IOWA: 

At this point we cross The Central Railroad of Iowa, and it gives us direct 
connection.s for Liscomb, Union, Eldora, Steamboat Rock, Acklei/, Hampton, Mason 
City and North Wood, north of Marshalltown, and Grinncll, Neir Sharon, Oskalooaa, 
Eddijville, Ottumtm, Albia, etc., in the south. Passengers for any of the points here 
named should procure their tickets by the Chicago & North-Western Railway and the 
Central Railroad of Iowa, but failing to be able to procure through tickets, they should 
buy to Marshalltown, via C. & N.-W. Ry., and here they can buy tickets to their 
destinations. 



La MolUe, 296 miles from Chicago. 

State Cen;^'-e, 303 miles west of Chicago. A 
pleasant village of 1,000 people, built on the prai- 
rie. It has good schools, a growing trade with the 
surrounding county, and bids fair to be an impor- 
tant inland town. EllenvUle Is 7 miles distant, and 
reached by stage. All kinds of feathered game 
abound in this vicinity. 

Colo, 311 miles from Chicago. 



Nevada, 318 miles west of Chicago. This is the 
county seat of Story county, and has a population 
of 1,500 persons. Story county is in the geographi- 
cal centre of the State; it was organized in 1853, 
and Nevada made the county seat in the same year. 
The first white settler located in 1848. The surface 
of county is undulating, the northern and central 
portions being prairie, and the southern heavily 
timbered. Coal is found in considerable beds, 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



21 



but is not much mined. Nevada has one bank 
with $75,000 capital, one flour mill, two grain eleva- 
tors, a foundry, cheese factory, three churches, a 
school house that cost $17,000, and two newspapers. 
Three fair hotels accommodate transient guests — 
The Warring, Welton and Central, at $2 per day. 
Iowa Ctnlre, 12 miles, Cambridge, 15 miles. Story 



City, 18 miles, and Holland, 18 miles oflf, are reached 
by stages twice weekly. 

Ames, 326 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,500. One 
mile distant, is the seat of the Iowa Agricultural 
College and Model Farm, situate in centre of 648 
acres of land that were purchased for this purpose. 
It has a full corps of teachers, and is in a flourishing 
condition. Bunning south from Ames 37 miles, is 



THS DE8 MOINES <& MINNESOTA RAILROAD. 

This is a narrow (3i feet) gauge road, well built, and with first-class equipment. 
It runs through EeUy, pop. 250 — SheldaM, pop. 600 — Polk City, pop. 800 — Ankeny, 
pop. 200— Saylor, pop. 700, and other towns, to Des Moines, the capital of the State. 
The trains of this road make close connections at Ames with all of the passenger trains 
of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, giving us direct connections for De» 
Moines and the country beyond. 



Ontario, 330 miles west of Chicago. This village 
of 200 people was originally owned by Col. I. B. 
Howe, of Cliuton, and owing to various reasons, 
such as two fires, one in 1871 and a second in 1873, 
etc., has ne\er advanced very rapidly. It ia 
pleasantly located on elevated ground, and is sur- 
rounded by a fine farming country. Coal was dis- 
covered here in 1873, and there is now mined about 
350 tons daily. No liquor is allowed to be sold in 
the village. It has two schools and two churches. 

Midway, 335 miles west of Ctiicago. A station 
without a town. 

Boone, 340 miles west of Chicago. This city, 
DOW having 3,500 people resident therein, is of 
barely ten years growth, it having been laid out by 
John I. Blair in 1866. It now has a high school, and 
two fine, brick, public school buildings, five 
churches, a city hall that cost $12,000, two steam 
flour mille, a woolen mill, furniture factory, a glove 
factory, foundry and machine shop, three banks, 
with an aggregate of capital amounting to $350,000, 
one (The Metropolitan) public ball, and four hotels, 
viz.. The Lincoln, Eagle, St. James, and American 
Exchange, which entertain gnests at from $1.50 to 
$2 per day. This railway company has a Round 
House holding twenty-nine engines, and a machine 
and repair ehops here, in which are constantly em- 
ployed a large force of skilled mechanics. 

Booneboro, the county seat of Boone county, ie 
one and a half miles west of Boone, and is connected 
by an hom-Iy omnibus line. This city was settled 
before the railroad was built through the county, 
and has a fine court house, four churches, several 
go«d schools, two banks, three hotels, three potter- 
ies, and some considerable manufacturing estab- 
liahmente. Swed4 Point, pop. 300, is 15 miles south, 
aud is reached by daily stage line. Bldgeport is 9 
miles north, and is reached by tri-weekly stage line. 
Boone County is a good farming county, is well 
watered, and so liberally supplied with timber that 
firewood is " a drug in the markets " of Boone at 
$3.50 to $4 per cord. Immense beds of coal are 
found in many parts, and potters' clay, adapted for 
making stoneware and drain tile, is everywhere to 
be found oelow the deep rich black soil of the sur- 
face. Good building stone " crops out " along the 
watercourses, and Is largely quarried. The county 
watr organized in 1651, and now bai 19,000 popala- 



tion. The Des Moines river traverses the county 
from north to south, and secures perfect drainage 
for its entire surface. 

Moingona, 346 miles from Chicago, is on the Det 
Moines river, and is the centre of the coal mining 
region of Centrallowa. The Moingona Coal Co., 
and the North- Western Coal Co., each have three 
shafts, and together " take out " over six hundred 
tons of coa! daily. The population, of whom one- 
half are miner, ,, number about one thousand per- 
sons. The villatje has one school, two churchea, 
and two— The Moingona and The Yankee— hotels. 
Fare is fuiulsheo at $1.50 per day. 

Ogden, i'Z miles ^om Chicago, has population 
of about 400 persons. 

Beaver, 357 miles from Chicago. An unimpor- 
tant station. 

Grand Junction, 363 miles from Chicago. Still 
running nearly due west, we pass into Green 
county. The village has 450 people, one school, two 
churches, and two— The Ashley, by J. P. Guilick, 
and The St. l,ewis, by Jno. Allen— fair hotels, 
charging $2 per day. The village is built on rolling 
prairie. This station is of considerable importance, 
by reason of its being the point where we cross 
The Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad, that 
gives us close connections for Des Moines, south, 
and Fort Dodge,m the north. Passengers from 
the East or from the West should go to Grand Junc- 
tion, if destined for Port Dodge. 

New Jefferson, 370 miles from Chicago. We 
are now at the county seat of Green county. The 
Raccoon river runs diagonally across the county 
from its northwest to its southeast corners, thus 
thoroughly eupplyingthe entire county with unfail- 
ing water, as every few miles on either side of the 
main river are lateral streams that, fan shape, cover 
nearly every section of land in the county. Im- 
mediately adjoining New Jeli'erson are rich prairies. 
The village has 1,000 population, one public school 
occupying a building that cost $20,000, one select 
school or academy, four churches, two banks, a 
county court house that cost $40,000, and several 

coal mines. The Revere House, by Shercllff, 

and The Mansion, by C. T. Blake, funiish transient 
guests with good accommodations at $2 per day. 
Panora, 25 miles south. Is reached weekly by siage. 

Scranton. 379 miles west of Chicago, is three 



22 



The North and West Illustrated. 



miles south of Coon river, that furnishes most 
excellent fishing for pike, liass, pickerel, etc. The 
village hag about 400 population, one school, in 
house that cost 55,000, and one hotel— The Hunter 
House, by F. Foster, who charges $2 per day. 
Prairie chickens abound here. 

GHcl.len, 389 miles west of Chicago, has a popu- 
lation of 400, and is in the midst of one of the 
best shooting regions of Iowa. Two considerable 
rivers run within five miles, along the banks of 
which arc large tracts of timber, that are "full " 
•of deer, wild turkeys, ana other forest game, while 




The Head of the Boyer, near Dennlson, Iowa— page 23 



(Engraved by J. H. Bnnd A Co., Chicag 

the contiguous prairies abound with prairie chick- | 
ens, snipe, woodcock, quail, and small game, and | 
the rivers, creeks, and bayous are full of ducks, 
geeee and brant. It has been called the " sports- 
man's paradise," and if numbers of birds, and 
great variety constitute such a place, it is not 
badly named. The village has a good school, one 
church, a public hall that will seat 300 persons, and 
two hotels— The Glidden Ilouee, by N. D. Thur- 
man, and The Dedrick, by J. C. Dedrick-both fur- 
nish excellent quarters, and abundant accommoda- 
tions for the sportsmen who frequent the village. 
Carroll, 396 miles west of Chicago. We have 
reached Carroll couuty, and And one of the fairest 



prairie counties that "the gun has shone on" In 
any State. Valleys and hills, covered with a dark, 
rich alluvial soil, produce grasses in uncqualed 
quantities, and of unsurpassed nutritionsness. It 
is eminently a grazing and corn-growing county, 
and with its neighbor(Crawford) on the west, offers 
unusual inducements to the emigrant from Europe 
or the East. Being a new county, much of the land 
is still unreclaimed prairie, nud can be bought at 
prices ranging from $5 to $ 10 per acre. The cHmate 
is salnbricus and healthful. Being in the great 
middle belt of Iowa, it does not suffer from the 
extremes of winter or of 
summer. The Iowa Rail- 
road Laild Company, of 
which mention has been 
made elsewhere, o\vns large 
bodies of this productive 
land, in all parts of this 
and several counties west 
thereof. This company 
offers rare inducements to 
the settler, sells the land 
at low rates and on long 
time, and aids the pur- 
chaser in every way possi- 
ble. No small inducement 
offered to the land buyer of 
this part of the State is the 
fact that he has a railroad 
at his door, double daily 
lines of palace cars to take 
him to Chicago, a daily 
mail, telegraph lines, and 
prompt and cheap carriage 
of his products to any mar- 
ket he may select. 

East Si(le,402 miles west 
j of Chicago. An unimpor- 
tant station, just east of 
the "Big Divide," or the 
elevated land dividing the 
wateiflow between the Mis- 
sissippi and Missouri rivers. 
Arcadia, 406 miles from 
Chicago, has a population 
of 350, and is on the " Big 
Divide," before named. The 
surrounding country is a 
vasttimberlessprairie. Wall 
Lake, a curiously walled 
body of water, is 12 miles 
northeast. The lake is 14 
miles in circumference, and 
is entirely surrounded with a wall of rock that ap- 
pears as if placed there by human hands. Whence, 
why, when or how these rocks came, none know. 

AVest Side, 409 miles from Chicago. Here we 
find the streams run west, and find an outlet in the 
Missouri river. The county is well watered with 
many "spring" creeks, having dry banks and 
gravelly beds. Sloughs or bayous are not 
found in this vicinity. The farmer can plow close 
to the water's edge. West Side has 450 people, ie 
on the east branch of the Boyer river, and has one 
school, two grain elevators, one flour mill and one 
hotel, with .36 rooms. The land in this vicinity ifl 
being rapidly purchased by actual settlers. 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



23 



Vail, 415 miles from Chicago. This station is in 
Crawford county, on a branch of the Boyer river, 
and has a population of 350 persons. The sur- 
rounding country is elevated, rolling prairie, and, 
unlike much table land, is productive to the high- 
est points of its hills. The celebrated and nutri- 
tious "blue stem, or joint grass," covers hill and 
valley alike, and is not unfrequently found growing 
to the height of four to sis feet. Deloit, a village 
that was laid out 25 years ago, is 7 miles northwest, 
and is reached by stage. 

Deunison, 424 miles west of Chicago. Rapidly 
descending the " Big Divide " we reach the beau- 
tiful valley of the main Boyer river, that has for 50 
years been noted all over the 
Missouri Valley as being one 
of the most beautiful and pro- 
ductive valleys to be found in 
any country. Its blacli, rich 
soil is from four to sixteen feet 
deep, and is, apparently, inex- 
haustible in all the elements 
needed for the growth of all 
the grains #ind grasses. Den- 
nison is the county seat of 
Crawford county, has about 
2,000 people,is growing rapidly, 
and is destined at no distant 
day to be a large city. It draws 
its trade from many miles 
north and south, for in neither 
direction is there a railroad for 
fully 60 miles. It has one 
good hotel. The Commercial. 

Dowville, 4:33 miles from 
Chicago. At Dennison the 
road corves southward, and 
from there to the Missouri 
river opposite Omaha, follows 
nearly a southwest course. 
The village of Dowville is new, 
and has about 200 inhabitants. 
It has a good school, with four 
religious sects worshiping in it 
on alternate Sundays, one flour 
mill, one grain elevator and 
two hotels— The Dowville 
House, by John Rounds, and 
The Wiggins House, by M. 6. 
Wiggins; they charge $1.2.5 per 
day for meals and lodging. 
The village is on the main Boyer river, and above 
all danger from overflow. Here the soil is of unu- 
sual fertility; seventy bushels of corn to the acre 
being a not uncommon crop. On the farm of S. E. 
Dow, which adjoins the village, in the fall of 1875, 
30,000bushel8 of corn were harvested from 400 acres. 

Dnnlap, 441 miles from Chicago. This town, of 
800 people, is in Harrison county, which was organ- 
ized in 1854, and has now about 13,000 population. 



The village was laid out in 1869, and named after 
George L. Dunlap, the then General Superintendent 
of the Chicago & North- Western R'y. The Boyer 
river is half a mile west of the village. A most 
excellent eating house is kept by Mrs. Pierce at the 
station. This house has become celebrated for 
its excellent meals all over the Great West, and 
not a few through passengers are attracted to this 
line by the fame of this dining station. Castana 
is a post village, 18 miles west, reached by stage. 

Woodbine, 451 miles from Chicago, is a village 
of 300 people situate on the edge of the great 
"Missouri Bottoms," as the wide vaUey of the 
Missouri river is familiarly called. 




.^-"-^./ V 



Sioux Falls, near Sioux Falls City, Dakota— page 24. 

L.ogan, 459 miles from Chicngo, is a flourishing 
village of 400 people, surrounded by rich valley 
prairie land. 

Missouri Valley Junction, 467 miles from 
Chicago. The place was formerly known as St. 
Johns, and was for a season the terminus of the 
road. It is of considerable importance by reason of 
its being the southeastern terminus of the Sioox 
City & Pacific Railroad. 



THE SIOUX CITY db PACIFIC RAILROAD. 



• This railway starts from Missouri Valley Junction, and runs north to Sioux City, 
75 miles, and has a branch from California Junction to Fremont, on the Union Pacific 
Railroad, 47 miles west of Omaha, and another branch running from Fremont north- 



24 



The North and West Illustrated. 



west to Wisner. This line of railway forms the western link in our Sioux City & 
Yankton Line. Over this Hue Mondamin, River Sioux, Onawa, Sloan, SargenVa 
Bluffs, and Sioux Citi/, in Iowa; Blair, Fremont, West Point, Wisner, and other points 
in Nebraska, ajid, bj-^ its connection with the Dakota Southekn Railkoad, EUc Point, 
Vermillion and Yankton, are reached direct. 



California Junction, 6 miles from Missouri 
Valley. A village of 200 people, surrounded by a 
fine farming country. 

niodale, 11 miles from Missouri Valley, pop. 100. 
Has one hotel, one school house, and one church. 

Monduniin, 17 miles from Missouri Valley, has 
a population of 200, one school, one hotel, one 
church, and several good business houses. 

River Sioux, 24 miles from Missouri Valley. 
The village Little Sioux is l'/2 miles from the sta- 
tion, and has a population of 300. Tekamah and 
Argona are on the opposite side of the river, and 
distant 3 miles by ferry and stagft. Game abounds 
in this vicinity, deer being especially plentiful. 
This station was the first one opened (Oct. 1, 1867) 
on the Sioux City & Pacific R. R. 

Blencoe, 32 miles from Missouri Valley, is a 
non-important station. 

Onawa, 39 miles from Missouri Valley, is the 
county seat of Monona county, which was organized 
in 1854, and has a population of 6.000. A large 
proportion of the county is valley land, upwards 
of 165,000 acres being in the valley of the Missouri 
river. The eastern portion of the county, a high 
rolling prairie, is well watcre ' and drained by the 
Maple and Soldier rivers, anu >y Willow creek, 
which are bordered jy large bodies of timber. 
Onawa has a population of 900, and has one good 
school occupying a brick building which cost $25,000, 
three churches, two newspapers, and two hotels— 
The Western, by T. C. Walton, and The Onawa, by 
D. J. Rockwell— charges $2 per day. A stage leaves 
daily for Decatur, Neb., distint 12 miles, fare $1.50; 
and tri- weekly for Cast ana, Mapleton, Smithland, 
and Ida Grove, Iowa. 

Whitins, 47 miles from Missouri Valley. This 
is an unimportant station, and was named after 
S. C. Whiting, the first settler in this county. 

Sloan, 55 miles from Missouri Valley, Is in 
Woodbury county, one mile south of the county 
line; population 100; it has one school house and 
one hotel. The surrounding country is valley land, 
with an unusually deep and productive soil, Game 
is plentiful; prairie chickens, ducks, gfeese and 
quail are found at all seasons of the year. Deer 



are also found in considerable numbers. Smith,- 
land 18 on the Little tSioux river, 16 miles east. 
Oto is 20 miles east. Farming lands in this vicinity 
can be purchased from $5 to f 12 per acre. The 
reservations of the Omaha and Winnebago Indians 
are in Nebraska, opposite Sloan. The Ipdians at 
these reservations number about 3,500. 

Salix, 61 miles from Missouri Valley, is an unim- 
portant station, established in 1865. 

Sargent' 8 Blufl's, 68 miles from Missouri VaUey, 
is \)4 miles from Missouri river ; population, -300; 
it has two brick school houses, two churches and 
one hotel— The City, by J. A. Risley. The village 
is located on a bluff, and overlooks the Burroondliig 
country from 30 to 50 miles. 

Sioux City, 75 miles from Missouri Valley, ie 
the county seat of Woodbury county, %hich was 
organized in 1851 under the name of Wahkaw, 
which was changed to Woodbury in 1853. Popula- 
tion is 9,000. This county is well watered and 
drained by the Missouri, Big Sioux, Floyd, Little 
Sioux and Maple rivers. The streams abound with 
fish; and deer, turkeys, getse, ducks, quail and 
prairie chickens-are abundant. The Zona volcano, 
in Dixon county. Neb., is 25 miles distant, and ia 
reached by stage. Sioux Falls, on the BigSioox 
river, 80 miles north of Sioux City, and the famous 
pipestone quarries, are well worthy of a vi-it. Sioux 
City, with a population of 6,500, is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the Missouri river, immediately above the 
mouth of the Floyd, and two miles below the 
mouth of the Big Sioux. There are ten organized 
churches, two school buildings, costing $tJO,000, 
and three less expensive buildings, in which are 
employed upwards of 20 teachers. Its hotels are 
The Hubbard, St. Elmo and Depot, which can ac- 
commodate 300 guests, at |=2 per day. The Academy 
of Music, a fine brick building, will seat 1,000 per- 
sons, ar»:l cost f 15,000. Three newspapers are pub- 
lished here, and from this point stage lines are run 
daily through Covmgtun, Dakota Ci^j/, the Winne- 
bago and Omaha Indian agencies, Decatur, 7'eka- 
mah, to Herman. Neb., and semi-weekly for Cor- 
rectionvllle, Portlandville, and Sioux Falls City. 



THE DAKOTA SOUTHERN RAILROAD. 

The Dakota Southern Railroad starts from Siou.x City, Iowa, and enters the Terri- 
tory of Dakota at the extreme southeast corner, and runs through the flourishing 
counties of Union, Clay and Yankton to the city of Yankton, the capital of Dakota, 
where it connects with the Missouri River Transportation Co,'s line of steamers for 
the Upper Missouri. The Dakota Southern, in connection with this line of steamers, 
runs nearly diagonally through the territory to Fort Benton, Montana, and has opened 
to settlement a large part of the best country both in Dakota and Northern Nebraska. 
This steamboat line furnishes an outlet to the Yellowstone and Upper j\Iissouri. One 
of the shortest and best routes to the New Gold Fields of the Black Hills is by the 



The Chicago & North-Westekn Railway. 25 



Dakota Southern Railroad to Yankton, the present terminus; thence by steamer up 
the Missouri river. Elk Point is 21 milts from Sioux City, is the county seat of Union 
county, and has 1,500 population. Vermillion is 34 miles from Sioux City, is the 
county seat of Clay county, has 1,C00 population, and is an important stage point. 

Tankton, the capital of this Territory and its largest town, is commandingly 
situated on the east hank of the Missouri river at the western terminus of the Dakota 
Southern R. R., and the starting point of all steamers for the Upper Missouri, Yellowstone 
and Black Hills. It is now the chief commercial center for Dakota, and is destined to 
be the chief commercial and railroad center for the whole va.st region of Northern 
Nebraska, Dakota, and the rich mineral district of the Black Hills. It already ships 
1,500,000 bushels of wheat, which is increasing fifty per cent, annually. It has an 
immense stretch of country tributary to it north, south and west, and owing to its rapid 
settlement, nearly all the immigration first coming to Yankton thence radiating from 
it in all directions, it offers superior inducements to all kinds of business. Popula- 
tion, 3,700. 

Passengers destined for any of these points should buy their tickets to Sioux 
City by the Chicago & North-Western Railway. At Sioux City they can buy tickets 
to Sioux Falls City, Elk Point, Vermillion, Yankton, or the country tributary. 

The Sioux City & Pembina Railroad. 

From Davis Junction, a few miles west of Sioux City, and on the Dakota Southern 
Railway, a line of railroad is being built northward. It is now finished to Poriland- 
viUe, 30 miles northwest of Sioux City and on the west side of the Big Sioux river, and 
is being pushed towards Pembina, in the northeastern corner of the Territory. It 
will run through Sioux Falls City and the Mennonite settlements up the river. A daily 
line of stages, owned by C. H. Howard, runs from Portlaudville to Sioux Falls City. 
The Chicago and North-Western Railwa}', in its Chicago offices, sells through tickets 
to Porllandville and Sioux Falls City by this route. 

The Sioux Falls are beautifully situated on the Big Sioux river, dividing Iowa and 
Dakota Territory, and are celebrated for their romantic scenery, peculiar rocky 
formation, and furnishing as well one of the finest water powers in the country, hav- 
ing a fall of 100 feet. 

Si^p/x Falls City is located at the Falls, and is the centre of one of the finest agri- 
cultural districts in the West, the crop of 1875 being absolutely unequaled in any 
part of the United States, and it caused the projection of the Sioux City & Pembina 
Railroad named above, (leased by the Dakota Southern Railway,) which runs into the 
very heart of this vast grain producing country, and is found to be a very valuable 
feeder. It is the favorite summer resort in this part of the countrj'-, the river alFording 
excellent fishing and the surrounding country fine shooting, besides magnificent 
scenery. Here is found the celebrated red pipestone quarry, held in almost religious 
veneration by the Indians. Indians of all tribes and from all quarters of the conti- 
nent liere congregate on what is considered neutral ground, and procure material for 
carving out their truly artistic pipes; the marble is bright red, and is capable of a 
high degree of polish. There are good hotels in Sioux Falls City, also two newspapers, 
churches, public schools, and all the advantages that can be desired for absolute 
settlers or visitors on business or pleasure. 



26 



The North and West Illustkated. 



Dakota. 



The Territory of Dakota lies between the42d and 
49th degrees of north latitude, and between the 
19th and 27th degrees west from Wathiigton, ex- 
tending 400 miles in length from Nebraska, on the 
south, to British Columbia, on the north; and 
etretchca from east to west nearly 700 miles from 
the western borders of ^Minnesota and Iowa on the 
cast, to Wyominu; and Montana territories on the 
west. It embraces an area of 150,000 square miles 
or 90,000,000 acres. It is as large as the empire of 
France, and twice as large as England, Ireland, 
Scotland and Wales combined. Of this vast terri- 




Table Rock, Sioux Falls, Dakota— page 25. 

tory only tho Bouthcaptern border is now occupied. 
A popt'ilation of 30,000 white inhabitants occupy 
scarcely two per cent, of its acres; and under the 
wise provision of the Government, which secures 
for the head of every hnusehold a free farm of ICO 
acres, there are yet remaining homes for nearly a 
million families. Dakota poepexses some of the 
grandest natural scenery upon the American Con- 
tinent. 

The Missouri river crosses the territory from cast 
to west diagonally ; the Big Sious, the Vermillion, 



the James, the Yellowstone and Red River of the 
North flow within its borders, while along their 
banks grow majestic forests, which add health, 
wealth and beauty to the land. The Black Hills 
loom up gigantically to the westward of the Mis- 
souri, bearing on their slopes and summits immense 
forests of pine and cedar, and in their bowels inex- 
haustible quantities of the useful and precious 
minerals; while the Yellowstone region bbounds 
in natural scenery which combines the grandeur of 
the Alps with the quiet, fairy-like scenery of 
Killarney. 

But Dakota possesses some- 
thing more of which her people 
are prouder than of all that has 
been enumerated; she has bound- 
less prairies awaiting the hand of 
the immigrant, a soil rich and 
productive, and a climate unri- 
valed by that of any Northern 
State. To these, reader, yon ars 
invited to come. 

Dakota, with its vast and vari- 
ous undeveloped resources, pre- 
sents as promising fields for the 
investment of capital as any 
country in the world. Its clear 
and rapid streams seem expressly 
calculated by nature for the 
operations of milling, mining 
; nd manufacturing. Its bound- 
less prairies promise a remarkable 
return to the stock-raisir and 
farmer. Its rich soil yields an 
abundant harvest to the husband- 
man, and its gay and growing 
towns and villages afford a good 
trade to merchants, and profita- 
ble employment to mechanics. 

Here we give a list of the prin- 
cipal towns in Southern Dakota : 
Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, 
pop. 1,000, location Big SiotiX 
Valley; Yankton, Yankton coun- 
ty, pop. 3,700, location Terminus 
D. S. R. R. ; Vermillion, Clay 
county, pop. 2,000, location D. 8. 
R. R. ; Elk Point, Union county, 
pop. l.tKX), location D. S. R. R; 
Meckling, I'nion county, pop. 
.300, -location D. S. R. R.; Gayville, Yankton county, 
pop. 500, location D. S. R. R. ; Springfield, Bon- 
homme county, pop. 600, location Missouri Valley; 
Canton, Lincoln county, pop. 400, location Big Sioux 
Valley. . 

In addition to these, there are a score of new 
villages, whose populations range from 50 to 300 in- 
habitants. Among the latter is Rockport, on the 
James (or Dakota) river, lately established by the 
Army and Navy Colony of Chicago, which is pro- 
gressing finely. 



D.\kota's AGKicri/ruKAL Wealth. 



Statistical Information is yet so imperfect con- 
fleming the agricultural productions of Dakota, 
that we are forced to select a few of the oldest 



settled counties for example, and ns a basis of cal- 
culation, in figuring on the territory's agricultural 
wealth. We take, therefore, for example, the 



The Chicago & North-Wkstern- Railway. 



s-r 



oonnties of Union, Clay and Yankton, through 
which the Dakota Southern Railroad runs. Union 
county, which is the most southerly in the territory, 
contains 540 square miles of land, one-half of which 
Is bottom land lying in the valleys of the Missouri 
and Sioux rivers. In this county the soil is a dark 
loam, and varies in depth from two to seven feet. 
It is pre-eminently the grent corn raising county of 
the territory, contains a population of 4, 500 inhabit- 
ants, and is bountifully supplied with water and 
timber It is not uncommon to see corn grow from 
ten to twelve feet high, and to yield as much as 
eighty bushels per acre, in this county. Its total tax- 
ation for 1874, according to authority of the Register 
of Deeds, amounts to thirteen mills upon the dol- 
lar. Seven years ago many men located upon free 
lands in this county without a hundred dollars cap- 
ital, whose farms with improvements to-day are 
worth $10,000. To every poor agriculturist in the 
East we ofl'er the friendly advice, " Go thou and do 
likewise." The actual value of real and personal 
property in Union county is estimated at $2,500,000. 

Clay couuty, which adjoins I'nion on the west, 
contains, according to official returns, a population 
of 4,402. It is the model wheat raising county of 
the territory, and at an average yield will pioduce 
more than a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Land 
which the Government gave to settlers free five 
years ago is now worth $20 an acre. It contains 390 
square miles of land, and is bountifully watered and 
timbered. Taxation here amounts to one per cent. 

Yankton county, which contains Yankton city. 



the capital of Dakota, the most important town of 
the territory, and the seat of government, is in 
the third tier of counties west from Iowa. Its soil, 
surface and agricultural productions are like those 
of Union and Clay counties. It is watered by the 
Missouri and James rivers, and many minor 
streams, along whoso banks grow beautiful groves 
of Cottonwood and hardwood timber. Within the 
last year its population and wealth have so increased 
that it now ranks as the foremost county of the 
territory in these particulars. Comparatively 
little of its land is cultivated, scarcely ten per 
cent., yet the Yankton Press estimates that it will 
produce a million bushels of wheat in 1876. Taxa- 
tion in this county ranges from eleven to thirteen 
and a half mills upon the dollar. 

These counties, as we have said, are cited as ex- 
amples. Their soil, climate and natural advan- 
tages generally are no better than those of other 
counties, and the Government offers, free, to those 
who desire to take it, farming land, within a short 
distance of the line of this road, as productive, 
and in every way as good as any lands in the West. 

It is asserted without ft ar of successful contra- 
diction that the best Government lands remaining 
unclaimed, land equal for soil, and in producing 
capacity to the richest valleys of New York or the 
choicest prairies of Illinois, lie in Dakota Territory, 
within easy distance of the Dakota Southern Rail- 
road. Every variety of crop grown in any Northern 
State will yield abundantly here, and 160 acres of 
this land may be had for the taking of it. 



How TO Obtain a Free Farm in Dakota. 



Many good men, deeply anxious to better their 
condition by emigrating to a new country, and 
taking free farms on Government lands, are de- 
terred from so doing through ignorance of the way 
in which a farm is secured. The occupation of 
Government land is simple and easy. For exam- 
ple, a resilient of Illinois desires to obtain a farm 
of 160 acTtts in Dakota. Let him come to Sioux 
City, Iowa, via the Chicago & North-Western 
Railway, and then take the cars of the Dakota 
Southern Railroad for Yankton, the seat of the 
land office for the most southerly land district in 
the territory, and there he will be supplied with 
maps or plats, which will guide him to the unoccu- 



pied claims. After selecting the 160 acres most 
suitable to him, he returns to the land office, pays a 
fee of $14, and then returns for his family to the 
East, if, indeed his family is not along v,ith him. 
The officers of the Government will cheerfully sup- 
ply all desired information relative to the taking of 
free land. U. S. Land Offices are situated at three 
convenient points in the territory, and to gain any 
desired information it is only necessary to address 
these offices respectively as follows :— Hon. G. H. 
Hand, Register, U. S. Land Office, Yankton, D. t.; 
L. D. F. Poore, Register, U. S. Land Office, Spring- 
field, D. T. ; Col. B. F. Campbell, Register. U. S. 
Laud Office, Sioux Falls, D. T. 



The Mennonites. 



In 1873, a class of immigrants hitherto unheard 
of in the United States, settled in Dakota In large 
numbers, and continue to come, from week to 
week, and from day to day. By the accident of 
birth they are nominally Russians, but in blood, 
spirit and religion they are Germans. These immi- 
grants are composed of two classes, Russian pro- 
testants and Mennonites, the latter class forming 
a majority of the new come's. The Mennonites 
(so called from Simon Menno, a German, who 
founded their sect,) settled in Russia in the reign 
of Catherine II. To them was made a solemn 
and binding promise and agreement, that on con- 
dition of their settling upon Russian territory, they 
and their heirs should for all time enjoy ab-oluto 
freedom in the exercise of their religious faith, and 



in accordance with the teachings of their religion 
and the dictates of their consciences, they were 
absolved from the duty of bearing arms for the 
state, and were granted certain municipal privileges 
not enjoyed by Russian citizens. During the reign 
of the Czar Nicholas, the Government kept the 
contract in gDod faith, and the Mennonites pros- 
pered and multiplied. But the son and successor 
of Nicholas. Alexander, the present mor.arch of 
Russia, violated tlie pledges made by his prede- 
cessors, and insi'-tcd that if these people were to 
live in Russia thry would be bound to become 
Russians in law, and military service, ar d he forth- 
with submi ted to them the alternative of naturali- 
zation or emigration. In the conflict of affections, 
conscience triumphed over interest, and they da- 



28 



The North and West Illustrated. 



tennlneil, asdid the Puritan fathers, toabanilon the 
homes of tlu-nisclvus uiul their fi.thors, that Ihey 
ini<;hi live in a land where every man is a king, and 
where religion is not prescribed by statutory en- 
actments. 

They determined to leave the old homes in Rus- 
ela and seek new homes in Dakota. Thus has 
IJusfiia's tyranny jjroved Dakota's gain; and as 
reli;jiou8 intolerance in France ^^ve tlie Iliij,'iienots 
to Carolina, as Dritish per&ecutiou swc lied the ranks 
of the American Rev'.lutioiiary army with Irirli 
Catholics; and as religious bigotry ^owed the ^eed 
from which sprung this mighty Republic, bo Rus- 
Bian de^■poti#m bids fair to furui.-h bone and mus- 
cle for au American btate of Dakota. Already 
have 1000 families of these industrious immigraiits 
made their homes on the rolling prairies of D.ikota, 
north of Yankton City and westward from the 
valley of the James river. Though their earlie^t 
settlement is little ovtr a year old, they will add 
liber.nlly to the grain product of Dak .ta in 1870, 
some of them having ilready jjlanted not less than 
100 acres of whea.t. They come not as a majority 
of foreign immigrants come, with mind and muscle 
alone as their caiiital. They bring with them, in 



gold and greenbacks, the accumulated savings of 
generations, and a knowledge of uKricuknre and 
arts, acquired by thcm?elv. s, or transmitted to 
them by preceding geiurations. 

Their knowledge they are applying to the develop- 
ment of Dakota's natural re.-ourcis, and their 
capital is being l;berally invetited in building up the 
city of Yankton, or in promoting its trade and in- 
dustry. 

Their poorest family owns $500 at least, while 
many of them own amounts of money ranging 
from $1,000 to $.";0,()00. Sheep raising with ihem 
is a favorite and liicnitive industry, and as the 
grassy prairies of Dakota are admirably suited to 
this puii)o>e, they propose to enter largely into 
theep raising here. 

One of their wealthiest men, whose capital is 
estimated at the enormous sum of §-.200,000, jiro- 
posts to bhip 400 Russian sheep, of an extra fine 
breed, all the way from Russia to Dakota, during 
the coming year. 

Alniostallof thcec people reached the territory by 
parsing over the Chicago & Nort h-Western Railway, 
and all of them advise their friends to 8<;ek ttai& 
line. 



Dakota's Invocation. 



Reader, if you are in quest of pleasure— that 
pure and unalloyed pleasure found in observing and 
contemplating the beautiful and wonderful woika 
of (Jod— let us call your attention to D-ikota. 

Have you ever sinn that curious, beautiful and 
magnidcent freak of nature, I!ig Sioux Falls ? 

Have you everstood upon the praiiiesof Dakota, 
and breathed the air which cures consumption ? 

Did you ever travel over the Dak ta Southern 
Railroad, which pns-es along the wooded margin of 
the "mighty .Missouri," and across the Misstiuri 
Valley, th'.- lai'gest and most fertile valley of North 
America f 

Did you ever stand upon the deck of an Upper 
Missouri river steamboat and gaze upon the en- 
chanting scenery along the serpentine windings 
of the mighty stream ? 

Have you seen the Yellowstone Park, with its 
natviral fountains, geysers and lakes, and its endless 
miles of walk-i and drives, macadamized by the 
band of nature ? 

If you have never beheld any of these scenes, 
visit Dakota before visiting S\v Izcrland, and bo 
convinced th;U in Aimrica there is scenery, which 
in point of curiosity and grandeur, is unrivaled by 
anything In the world. To anglers, hunters, or 
fowlers, Dakota offus great inducements, being 
perfectly iilive with game of nil kind-, from the 
mighty elk and biift'alo to the lively little 8i|Uirrel 
of the woods; from the king of birds, the soaring 
eagle, to the smallcft quail or snipe; or from a 
hui;dri d pound cattish lothat delicious morsel, a 
speckled trout of the stre:ini; in s'lort, sportsmen 
have universal'y proclaimed Dakota the happy 
huntinggroundsof IheWest. Botanists, geologists, 

OK THE WESTERN LINES OF TTTE SIOUX CITr tfi PACIFIC R. R. 

After our hasty view of Dakota and its railways, we will rttiirn to Missonri 
Valley Junction, and take a hasty glance at the western branches of the Sioux City 



and scientists find here a new field for their re- 
searches, and are daily adding specimens of some- 
thinu; new from the wonderful works of the great 
Creator of the Universe. We niuy mention here, 
for the benefit of bot:iuistP, tliat e:icti of m.iiiy kinds 
abound, and that curious sin ub, the seusiuvo plant, 
here flourishes in a v^ild state. 

Antiquarians in search of fossil remains of extinct 
animnls and petrifactions, mos.— agates, and oiher 
curiosities and tro.ihies, both ancient and modern, 
will have every reason to be ple;ised should they 
visit this])art<)f the world, for Jjakota is jiariicu- 
larly ricli in the above s|)eeiinens. Oi e petrifar tion 
w:i8 lately Sold for $2,000, and went East, being 
quite a success as an exhibition. 

Last, but by no means least, the Indian may be 
seen in all his native simplicity, and ih s without 
any danuer whatever, the country bavin;,' military 
forts surrounding them on all sides, and the sports- 
man can join with the geiiumi' Indians in their wild 
and exciting sports. Tie Crown Prince of hussia 
and suite, on their latcvisittotliiscountry, enjoyed 
the btift'alo hunt more than anything else. In fact, 
we can guarantee more \ariely of iimusement to 
the Touri.t than any other part of the United 
States. 

We will only add that the hotels thf^ugh the 
country are good, will ki]it, and charges reasonable. 

We have given this much of our spare to t his new 
territory, not alone on account of our controlling 
the line of railway in'o its south<rn border, but 
because, as will be s< en elsewhere in this book, 
fuic of our own lines j)enetriites and runs Bome 
miles into the State from its eastern border. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



29 



& Pacific Railroad. We leave Missouri Valley Junction, and follow the main (or 
Sioux City) line to California Junction, cross the Missouri river by a steam ferry, and 
reach 



Blair, 13 miles from Missouri Valley. This is 
the county seat of Washington county, Neb., which 
was organized in 1855, and has a population of 
8,000. The surface of the country is ruling prairie, 
is well watered, and has al)undance of timber. 
Blair has a population of 2,000, one bank, two 
schools, one occupying a buiMing co.^tiug $15,C00; 
three churches, one flouring mill, two grain eleva- 
tors, with a capacity each of 30,000 bushels, and 
three hotels— Tne Blair House, by E. E. Keily; The 
vJermaine, by H. Teirs; and The Farmers', by Robt. 
Schetchlcy. A stasre line runs to Herman, fare 50c. ; 
Tekamah, %\..-2^; Decatur, $-2.60; smd Dakota Cl/y, 
$5.50. 

Kannard, 25 miles from Mis- 
souri Valley. 

Bell Creek, 29 miles from 
Missouri Valley, was laid out in 
1869; has a population of 200, is 
located on an cicvated plateau 
between Bell creek and the Elk 
horn river; has one hotel. The 
Eagle House, by S. Masters; one 
grain elevator and one flour mill 

Fremont, 37 miles from Mi;- 
eouri Valley, is the county seat of 
Dodge county, and is, via the 
Union Pacific Railroad, 46 mile^ 
west of Omaha, and is at the junc 
tion of thit line and the Siou\ 
City t Pacific Railro id. The 
country surrounding Fremont is 
not surpasjied by any in the West 
for productiveness of soil. Fre 
mont has a population of 3,000, a 
fine opera house, two news 
papers, s.'ven grain elevators, and 
several hotels, of which The 
Occidental, by C. G. Pascall, is 
the best. From this station in 
1875 one million bushels of grain 
were shipped. 

Nickerson, 45 miles from Mif . 
BOuri Valley. This town is situa 
ted on the.Elkhorn river, near 
the mouth of the Maple, and is 
surrounded by some of the best 
lands that are to be found in 
Nebraska. Population of the vil- 
lage is 200. It has one hotel. 
The Bassler House, $1.50 per day. 
one mile east, and has a population of 200. It has 
one school, three churches, and several business 
houses. Calhoun and Jamestown are tributary to 
Nickerson. 

Hooper, 53 miles from Missouri Valley. This 
village is less than two years old, and has a popula- 
tion of 300. It has two grain elevators, with a ca- 
pacity of 20,000 bushels; three hotels, a spacious 
town hall, and two flour mills. Stages run tri- 
weekly to iof/nn, 2 miles; Oakland, \-!m\\c9\ Lyom, 
22 miles, and Decatur, 45 miles; and semi-weekly 
for Maple, 7 mile?, and Everett, 14 miles distant. 
To the farmer seeking a home in the West, 



this portion of Nebraska ofi"ers unusual advan- 
tages. 

Scribner, 60 miles from Missouri Valley. This 
village, only two years old, and having a population 
of 300, is situated in the valley of the Klkhom 
river. It has two flour mills, one grain elevator, 
and two hotels— The Culver House, at $3 per day, 
and The Farmers', at $1.50. 

Crowell, 65 miles from Missouri Valley, Is a 
small village, in the midst of a flue agricultural 
country. 

AVest Point, 73 miles from Missouri Valley, Is 
the county seat of Gumming county, Neb., which 
\\ as organized iilS-T, and his a population of 7,000. 




Agnes Park, near Hill City, In the Black Hills, Dakota. 

Fontenelle is West Point has a population of 1.200, and has one 
flour mill, two banks, one grain elevator, one news- 
paper, county court house, which cost $40,000; one 
brick hotel- The Neligh House-that cost $15,000; 
one public hall, and about twenty stores. Popula- 
tion consists largely of Germans, Bohemians and 
Swedes. It has a good public school, with three 
departments ; three churches, a masonic and an odd 
fellows' hall, and two fire companies. 

Wisner, 88 miles from Missouri Valley. This 
vilbige was laid out in 1871, and has a population of 
about 600; It controls a lars^e trade with the sar- 
ronnding country, and from 100 to l.'iO miles up tho 
Elkhorn valley. The valley of the Elkhorn is one 



so 



The North and West Illustkatkd. 



of the most beantif al and productive In the world; 
about 5 miles in width and about 150 miles in length. 
Much <-f its laud is still epai'scly settled, and can 
be purchased from $4 to Slu per acre. Horse-shoe, 
Deer, Swan, Goose, I'icicorel, Beavor and Cull-hcad 
lakes are from one to four miles from Witncr, and 
are full of fi^h. Wild game is also very plentiful, 
amongst which are the antelope, deer, geese, ducks, 
prairie chicken and quail. The hotels are— The 
Elkhorn Valley and The Wisner. La Porte, popu- 
lation, 200, 15 miles: Sla/ifon, population, 200, dis- 
tant 18 miles northwest; Norfolk, population, 500, 



33 miles west ; Madison, 30 miles west ; Battle 
Creek, Ockdale, Keligl City and O'JVeill City, are 
all tributary to and are reached from Wisner by 
stage lines. Wisner is an important outfitting 
post for persons destined for the Llack IJills of 
Dakota, and offers many facilities in this re!?pcct 
that cannot be presented by any other point. A 
popular route to Custer City, ia Cnster's Park, 375 
miles distant, is that along the Flkhom valley to a 
point 40 miles beyond O'Neill City, and thence via 
the Niobrara into the Hills. 



ON THE C ALIFORM A LINE AGAIN. 

We now return to the California line again, and will proceed on our trans-conti- 
nental trip. 

rounding connty for many miles. 
Corn, hogs, cattle and wheat form 
the principal freight shipments 
from this station. Thesurround- 
iugcountyisfullofgame. Geese, 
ducks, brnnt, ruffled grouse, 
prairie chickens, quail, snipe, 
jilover and woodcock are espe- 
cially plentiful. 

Honey Creek and Crescent 
arc two small stations west of 
Missouri Valley Junction. Pass- 
ing these we reach the city of 

Council Bluffs, 488 miles 
from Chicago. Here we have a 
city of 10,000 people, and the 
western terminus of the Omaha 
A- California line of our road, 
and of three Other important 
railway lines. Council Bluffs is 
the county seat of Pottawatomie 
connty which was organized in 
1848, and which contains ab^ut 
Srj.OflO inhabitants. The sito of 
tlie city was selected by the west- 
ward bound hosts of "The Church 
of the Latter-Day Saints," (Mor- 
mons), when making their exo- 
dus. Tbey here erected their 
tabernacle and built their city, 
and named it Kanesville. From 
this point they set out on their 
tiresome overland journey to the 
then sterile, sage brush-clad 

Cu.ter'8 Park, near Custer City, In the Black Hills of Dakota. ?!«' °« «' *"« Tr"rL't"S 
wuvLoi o . cA.r., ,, pitable valley of the Great bait 




Missouri Valley Junction has a resident pop- 
ulation of about l,(i00. Its site was purchased from 
the Sioux Cily & Pacific Railroad Company, in 
October, 186G, and It was incorporated in 1SU7. The 
machine shops of the S. C. & P. Py. are located 
here, and give constant employment to about 250 
mechanics. The village has excellent schools, (one 
of its public school buildings cost over $12,000, 
which speaks volumes for the enterprise of this 
"frontier" town.) It has a town hall that cost 
^,000. a large hall fitted up with stage and scenery, 
one newspaper, two churches, and three hotels. 
It Is built on elevated ground, from whicli can be 
seen the "Highlands of Neliraska," and the sur- 



Lake. With the exodus of the Mormons a new^ 
people came in, and a new town was built, and 
from the fact that its site had been the scene of 
many Indian councils the city was named Council 
Bluffs. The ancient banks of the Missouri river 
arc about, three miles from its present shores, the 
intervening distance being what is known as " bot- 
tom land." The city is built partiy on this bottom 
land and partly in the blufls, the principal portion 
being fully three miles from the river. Situate as 
It Is in the gorges in the bluffs, the city does not 
make a fair showing to the passer-by, but if he will 
leave his train and visit tlie city, he will be pleased 
and .-iurprised to find as finely built and as active a 



The Chicago & North-Western "Railwat 



city as he has paesed 
through siuce he left tht 
Atlantic coast. It contains 
seven public schools, eight 
churches, two flour mills, 
and several large manu 
facturing establishments, 
amongst which may be 
named the works of the 
Council Bluflfd Agricultural 
Implement Company, usin^ 
a capital of $150,000, and 
yearly selling over $100,000 
worth of its product; and 
the Council BluflTs Iron 
Works, a chartered com 
pany employing 20 men 
and producing $80,000 worth 
a year of the various forms 
of machines, etc., for which 
the company is noted. The 
county court house, a fine 
building, together with 
the jail and county offices 
are surrounded by a high 
wall. Dohauy's hall will 
Beat 600 persons, and i> 
arranged for concerts, the 
atre, shows, etc. The hotels 
are: The Ogden, (recentl) 
rebuilt), having 125 rooms. 
Pacific, 75 rooms; Metropol 
itan, 25 rooms; Bryant, 20 
rooms; Clifton, 25 rooms 
and Farmers, 20 rooms 
charges range from $1.50 to 
$3perday. Since the bridge 
across the river here was 
huilt, an effort has been 
made by the people of 
Council Blufl's to have the 
trains of the Union Pacific 
Road cross the bridge, and 
make Council Bluffs the 
eastern terminus of that 
line, but owing to various 
complications their termi 
nus was held at Omaha, on 
the opposite side of the 
river, and the trains of the 
Iowa lines made Council 
Bluffs their western tcrmi 
nus. The result wae a 
double transfer, the passen 
gcrs from the trains from 
the East debarking here 
getting into a "transfer 
train" that crossed the 
bridge, and again debarking 
on the Omaha side, and 
there taking the west 
bound trains of the Union 
Pacific Road. Coming from 
the West similar transfers 
were made. A recent dccife 
ion of the Supreme Couit 
of the United States eecms 
to have settled the ques 
tlon, and very soon a joint 




32 



The North and Wkst Ii.i.ustkated. 



depot is promised for the cast bank of the river, 
and tlic u^ii;il doiib.c tninsfcr will be avoidud. At 
Couucil lilufl's we make close connections with 
the trains of The Kansas City, St. Joseph & 



Council Blupps Railroad, which aio taken by 
our pasfeniiers for ,SV. Joseph, AlchUon, J^avtn- 
u-orth, Kansas City, and other Wesieru Mi8:iOuri 
and Kansas towns. 



' Omaha. 

Hurriedly we have spanned the 492 miles that separate Chicago from Omaha, and 
crossing the beautiful railroad bridge (a view of which we give,) you arc landed in 
that live, wide-awake city, whose name is Omaha. There you will find the Grand 
Central Hotel, with our ticket ofliccs therein, many fine business houses, built along 
finely graded and paved streets, that are constantly crowded with the evidences of a 
large and rapidly growing trade. Besides the Grand Central, the city contains several 
other good hoteLs, an oi)cra house, line school houses, churches, public halls, large 
manufacturing establishments, the machine and car shops of the Uiiion Pacific Rail- 
road, and all other of the usual accompaniments of a great city. At the depot of the 
Union Pat^ific road you will find an excellent eating house, kept by that prince of 
_ _- caterers, Markel, and 

^^^^^^"^^ where, besides getting 

first-class meals, j'ou can 
get 3"our lunch baskets 
and well cooked lunches 
to take with jou if going 
overland. If pot going 
out on the Union Pacific, 
you can take the trains 
of the Burlington & 
Missoi.RT RivEu Rail- 
road IN Nebraska, and 
by them reach Ashton, 
Newton, Lincoln, (the 
capital of Nebraska), 
Crete, Beatrice, or Kear- 
ney Junction ; or you can 
take the trains of the 
Omaha & North- West- 
ern Railroad for Flor- 
ence, Calhoun, De Soto, Blair, or Wisner ^ and the country tributary. Supposing you 
are going to Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, the Pacific Coast, 
or, perhaps, to China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or the Sandwich Islands, you 
•will take the Chicago & North-Westeru Railway for Omaha, and there take the trains 
of the Union Pacific Railroad, and pass through Fremont, Columbus, Lone Tree, 
Graml Island, Kearney Junction, NortJi Platte, Sidney, and reach Cheyenne, GIC miles 
from Omaha, and 1,008 miles from Chicago. Here you leave the train if you arc going 
to any point in Colorado. Passing south, b}' the Denver Pacific Railway, you 
cross apparently sterile i)lains, and run through Orecley and Fvans, where you can 
Btudy the vast system of irrigation that has made these plains bloom like a garden. 
You run along, with the snow-clad peaks of the main Rockj- ^Mountain range in full 
view, and in six hours after leaving Cheyenne you reach Denver. 

Colorado — The Far Wicstkrn Summer Resort. 




Grand Central Hotel, Omaha, Neb. 



7%« Attractions for Invalids:, Tourists and Idlers. 

To the tourist and the invalid, Colorado has 

unexcelled and increasing attractions, and each 



recurring season offers new facilities for health and 
recreation. The preparations for this summer at 
all the watering places and towns whose vicinity 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



33 



affords scenic or sanitary advautp^es, aro of a high 
order; a^id it is the object of this article, after 
poiutiu;^ out the route of travel to Colorado, to give 
the tourist or traveler some idea, alter he gets 
there, of what to see, and how to see it. 

There is no end to the attractions of Colorado, 
and we advise those who can to make at leatt one 
trip out tht re, ere the country becomes more settled, 
as then the scenery will not apprar half so attract- 
ive as at present, iu its wild, romantic state. To 
those who intend going during the ensuing hot 
mouths, we offer the following suggestions: Leave 
Chicago via Chicago & North-Western Railway, 
for Omaha, thence via the Union Pacific to Chey- 
enne, and thence via the Denver Paciflc Railway, 
to Denver. 

At Denver, the principal hotels are the Grand 
Central, American, Inter-Ocean, (opened since \n^t 
Beason.) Ford's, Sargent's and Charpiot's. The 
three first named are four-story buildings, and will 
accommodate from 100 to 150 guests each. The new 
Broadwell House is the largest in Colorado. The 
rate at all of them is $4 per day, and from $21 to 
$25 per week. 

The principal watering places in Colorado are 
Manitou and Idaho Springs. Manitou is five miles 
from Colorado Springs station, on the Denver & 
Rio Grande Railway, and eeventy-two miles south 
of Denver. The narrow-gauge cars, neat and com- 
fortable, take the traveler along at the rate of 15 
m les an hojr, through Littleton, upoverthe Divide 
with its pineries, passing- the lake at the summit 
surrounded with myi lads of beautiful flowers, down 
the southern slope along the Monument, reaching 
Coloiado Sp ings at n .on. Taking time to see the 
notable improvements of the past few months in 
this et'.rring little city of 3,000 people, with its 
many handsome buildings, a carriage is taken to 
the Springs. Here the Manitou House, and the new 
Cliff House, and, two miles further on, the Tonic 
Springs Hotel— all having spacious walks, croquet 
grounds, drive ways, billiard halls, barber shops, 
and mineral baths— offer abundant comforts for 
guests. Saddle-horses and carriages can be ob- 
tained to visit all the points of interest; also guides 
and pack animals to the summit of Pike's Peak, 
when; the new Government signal office is located, 
and whence weather reports are telegraphed over 
the country three times a day. Days and weeks 
can be profitably spent at Manitou and vicinity. 

Idalio Springs lie's in the valley of South Clear 
creek, .'15 miles west of Denver. The tourist fakes 
the Colorado Central, broad gauge, to Arapahoe 
Junction, bplow Golden, where he changes to the 
narrow gauge train, which whirls him through Clear 
Creek Canon to Floyd Hill, thence 5>^ miles by 
Concord coach. Tlic Beebe and Alvord houses 
furnish good hotel accommodations. The chief 
attractions of the place are the hot and soda springs, 
and tlic swimming baths. There is gorgeous 
ecenrry on every hand. Trips to Fall river, Chi- 
cago 1 akes, and the mine^can be made. The place 
has good liveries, boarding houses, daily mails, 
telegraph, and other accommodations. 

Canon City, near which are some of the most 
notable springs, is surrounded by various attrac- 
tiops. At Georgetown, where the silver mines are 
to be seen, and from whence the brisk camps at 



Silver Flume, Empire, Bakerville, Argentine, the 
mills and furnaces of Stewart, Spanish Bar, Mason- 
ville, and the scenic attractions of Gray's Peak, 
Twin Lakes, Griflith Mountain, Chicago Lakes, and 
Middle Park, are to bo reached, tho^e spacious 
hotels, tUe Barton iind American, have been re- 
newed, and additions to liveries, boarding houses, 
and other improvements made. At Boulder, the 
Boulder and Colorado hotels have been repaired, 
daily stage lines to Gold Hill, Kederland and 
Caribou put on, liveries increased, and every ad- 
vantage offered for trips up Boulder Canon and the 
falls, to Peabody Springs, Belmont Iron Works, 
Erie Coal Mines and Gold Hill; the place also 
has now the advantage of two railroads to Denver. 
At Longmont, a tri-weckly stage line has been 
arranged, from the St. Vrain Hotel to EstesPark, 
•10 miles, where the Evans Hotel, excellent fishing 
and hunting, saddle ponies and guides, and the 
climbing of Long's Peak, are the chief attractions. 
At Central City, the Teller House, and numerous 
smaller hotels and boarding-houses, and the fine 
liveries, are prepared to furnish every facility for 
visiting the gold mines, the great Sierra Madre 
tunnel, the stamp mills and reduction works, 
Black Hawk, Nevadaville, James' Peak, and 
Rollinsville. 

The inducements offered by the Chicago & North- 
Western route, via Omaha, to Colorado are, the 
fine country it passes through bet a cen Chicago 
and Omaha, its splendid track and equipment, the 
comfort enjoyed while passing over the Union Pa- 
ciflc Road, the chances of seeing the plains, moun- 
tains, and other attractions not found on any other 
route; and the chance to visit Cheyenne, Greeley, 
Evans, etc., before you reach Denver. If you can- 
not at your homes buy tickets via this route throur;h, 
you can buy to Chicago, and at our offices there get 
your through tickets. Better do that than miss the 
opportunity to go by this route. 

Returning to Cheyenne from Denver, or if you 
have not broken your westward journey, yoi pass 
on to Sherman, at the summit of the Rocky 
Mountains, 8.242 feet above the sea; Laramie, with 
its Fort Sanders, and the rolling irillls of the Union 
Pacific Railway; Fort Fred Steel, Eawltngs, Green 
River, Bryan, Evanston, with its eating houses 
with Chinese waiters, near which are very exten- 
sive and valuable coal mines, and soon run down 
through those marvels of Utah— Echo and Weber 
canons-and at 1,032 miles from Omaha, re".ch 
Ogden, an important Mormon city, and the junc- 
tion of four railroads, viz : the Union Pacific, 
over which you have come from the East; the 
Central Pacific, over which you will pass when 
going West; the Utah Northern, which you will 
take for Logan and points beyond (by stage) in 
Idaho or Montana; and the Utah Central, over 
which you will pass with me in the contempla'ed 
trip to Salt Lake City, before we proceed further 
towards "sundown." 

To the City op the Saints. 
Then, bidding good-bye to our friends who have 
accompanied us from Chicago, and who fail to 
" take in " this pleasurable " side-show," we step 
into the cars of "Bishop Sharp's road," and start 
southward, with the Great Salt Lake on our right 



84 



The North and West Illustkated. 



stopping for a few moments at Kaysvllle, Far- 
minglon, CenlrevUle, uiul one or two unimportant 
Btatioi;8, wo, in two hours' run from Ogden, are 
at Salt L ■ ke City, that marvel to the Mormons 
themsclvef-, who have reared It or seen it grow, 
and that more than marvel to the gentile, who 
has had no part in its past and but little vital 
Interest in its present ; for in the past he was a 
rarely-eeen stranger, and in its present is hardly 
at home, or willing to acknowledge that he has 
"come to stay." Without attempting to describe 
this wonderful city, or the bloomiiigcountry around 
it, we yet must call your attcMiti')n to the situation 



On the Central Pacifio Railroad. 

We pass Corinne, a noted mountain stage depot, 
and at Kellon find a good point to take stages for 
all points in Idaho. 

Idado. 

In Idaho we reach by our connections Boise City, 
Idaho City, Miilade, and Silver City, and the won- 
derful falls of the Snake river; these are, the Ameri- 
can, 70 feet; the Salmon, CO feet; and the Shoshone, 
over 200 feet perpendicular. These last vie with 
Niagara in beauty and grandeur. In Idaho the days 
are never sultry and the nights are always cool; 
on the plains and in the valleys snow does not lie 




Walker House, Salt Lake City, Utah. 



of the city itself, and ask you to note the glorious 
Wahsatch mountain- to the left, and the Oquirrh 
range to the right, the lake at their feet, the silent 
Jordan at its foot, and not to overlook the ever- 
present evidences of the great work that has been 
wrought by these "peculiar people." Gentile, as 
wc arc, we freely and willingly join in repeating, 
as many have before, " No other people have be- 
fore accomplished as much." For those who can- 
not see for themselves, we picture a feature or two 
of this visit tliat may be new and not uninteresting. 
From here you can reach by rail Lehi and Provo, 
and many other interesting points in the Territory. 
If you have time, fail not to take a trip over the 
American Fork Railroap, and see the glories 
and beauties of the wonder canons it runs through. 
After dining at The Townsend or at The Walker, 
the leading " Mormon " and " Gentile " hotels, we 
hurry back to Ogden, and pursue our western 
Journey. 



on the ground; cattle feed out-doors the year 
round. The climate is much the same as that of 
Central Illinois and Southern Penns-ylvania. Good 
hotels are found in all the towns; and daily news- 
papers, the telegraph, and other evidences of ad- 
vanced civilization, are found on every hand. 
Stages run daily from various points on the Cen- 
tral Pacific Road to all the towns in Idaho, and no 
more attractive region can be found for a summer 
tour than is ofl"ercd by the hill country of Idaho. 

If we do not end our stage trip in Idaho, but 
continue it northward, w e pass on to Jlelfria, (pop. 
4,000, and the capital,) Virijinia City, Beer Lodge, 
Argenta, Bannock, and Bozeman, in Montana. 

Montana. 

Montana, witli its mountain.'^, lakes and rivers, 
will amply pay for a summer's sojourn there. 
The National Pa:k on the Yillowstone, the gey- 
sers, and the mountains of the Bitter Root, Snow 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



U 



and other chains, are all accessible from Helena. 
The geysers of the Yellowstone and the Upper 
Missouri arc the most wonderful in the world, 
those of Iceland and New Zealand not excepted. 
Here we have the Thud, Horn, Bath, Caveni, Bee- 
hive, Giant, Giantess, Old Faithful, Saw-mill, 
Grotto, Punch-bowl, Riverside, Soda, Fan, and 
other geysers within the Territory, bounded by 
latitude 43 and 47 north, and longitude 110 and 114 
west. These geysers vary from the mere mud vol- 
cano to those throwing boiling water in columns 
six feet in diameter and 200 feet in height. The 
water in the various geysers varies from icy cold 
to boiling, and in color from the transparent to the 
inky black, through all the shades of blue, brown, 
red, yellow, green, etc. Some of 
the ejections occur at regular pe- 
riods, varying from one hour to 32 
hours apart, while others are always 
active. Not tarrying in Montana, 
we return to the Central Pacific 
Bailroad, at Corinne or Kelton. 

Westward Again. 

Toano, Elko, Palisade, Battle 
Mountain, Winnemucca , Humboldt, 
(note its oasis) and Wadsicorl h are 
reached, and a stop is made at Beno 
Here, after a good rest with frien 1 
Chamberlain in his pleasant hotel 
we will take a fresh start, and run 
down the Vikginia & Truckee 
Railroad to Carson, the capital of 
Nevada, and to Virginia City, Got I 
Hill and Silver City, in which arc 
found the "Big Bonanza" and other 
mines, and especially notable those 
of the Comstock lode. Spending a 
day, week or months here with 
pleasure and profit, you return to 
Jieno, and again taking the palace 
cars of the Central Pacific Rah 
ROAD, arc in tlic Sierra Nevadas 
pass (if you do not go to Lake 
Tahoe) Truckee, Colfax, Dutch 
Flat, Avbum, Sacramento, Stoch 
ton, Lathrop, Mies, and, at 5.00 
p. M., reach the "Golden Gate," 
with San Francisco to the south 
of it. From this wonderful city 
yon can reach any part of the 
Pacific Coast, or the great East 
beyond. Santa Cruz, Santa Bar- 
bara, Los Angeles and San Diego, southward, are 
accessible by two daily lines of steamers ; while Port- 
land, Tacotna, Victoria, Paget Sound and Van- 
couver's Island, and all points in Oregon, Washing- 
ton, and British Colambia, are accessible by steam- 
ers running up the coast. Inland, by rail, Napa, 



St. Helena, Calistoga, Oroville, Marysville, Peta- 
luma, Santa Rosa, Cloverdale, Santa Clara, San 
Jose, Hollister, Gilroy, Soledad, Salinas, Montery, 
Calienta, and a hundred other towns are readily 
reached. To Hong Kong, in China, and Yokohama, 
in Japan, two lines of steamers furnish weekly 
departures; and to Honolulu, in the Sandwich 
Islands, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, and 
Auckland, in New Zealand, one line of steamers 
are run regularly. In all this vast field, the Chicago 
& North-Western Railway is known and patron- 
ized. Even farther India lends her patronage and 
aids to swell the throng that constantly crowds its 
numerous passenger trains, and assists in loading 
its miles of freight cars. This, then, is one thing 




City 



Aqueduct, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Reached by Omaba A California Line. 

this great corporation can do for yon. It opens 
wide the door to the great West and to the still 
greater East, and is the gateway for the millions who 
seek new homes, or desire to visit friends anywhere 
via Ths Great Trans-Continental Route. 



IN CALIFORNIA AND THEREABOUTS. 



The popular resorts of California reached by the Chicago & North-Western Railway 
and its connections are, *'The Yoscrnite," '^The Geijsers" " Movnt Diablo,'' ^^ The Big 
Trees," '' Donner Lake," ''Lake Talioe" "■ Summit Soda Springs," ''Calistoga Sulphur 
Springs," Santa Barbara, Santa Crvz, and Los Angeles. 



S6 



Tufc: NouTii AM) Wkst Illustrated. 



The fame of the Valley of Yosemite has now become world-wide. Its tower- 
ing cliffs, waterfalls like cataracts from the clouds, and the gigantic vegetation 
surrounding it, have no comparison in the world. In sublimity of grandeur and 
enchanting beauty it surpasses expression, and must be viewed to be appreciated. 
Several eminent writers have attempted descriptions, but all have despaired in giving 
expression to the awe-inspiring feelings which fill the beholder of the mighty chasm. 
Biorsladt has painted it, and Watkius has photographed it, and these, as all writers 
say, \r\ye the nearest idea of the majesty of the scene to that of being present at the 

reality. As to the faith- 
ful, the admonition to 
"see Mecca and dje," 
so to *lie traveler, " see 
Yosemite, the last of 
< ;ulh." 

To reach the Yosem- 
ite Valley, the traveler 
goes to Lathrop, 82 
miles east of San Fran- 
cisco, and then, via the 
Visalia Division of the 
Central Pacific Rail- 
road, from Lathrop to 
Merced; thence the tour- 
ist has choice of two 
routes — via Mariposa, 
Chirks (Mariposa Big 
T rce Grove), 1 he Hermi • 
tage, and Inspiration or 
Glacier Points, or via 
the Coulterville Short 
Line, passing Snellings, 
Coulterville, Dudley's, 
Bower Cave, Pilot Peak' 

Merced Big Tree Grove, and the canons and cataracts of Merced river, (bT)th "all 

-wagon " roads). 

Table of Altitudes at Yosemite Valley. 




The Tabernacle, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Reathed bv Omihri A California Line. 



WATERFALLS. 



HT. ABOVB 
VALLBV. 

. 940 feet. 
2,634 " 



INDIAK.NAME. SIGNIFICATIOM. AMBBICAN NAJIE. 

Po-ho-no Spirit of the Evil Wind Bridal Veil 

Yosemite Larf;e Grizzly Bear 

First fall, 1,000 feet; Second fall, 434 feet; Third fall, 600 feet 

Pi-wy-ack Wide Water Vernal 350 

Yo-wi-ye Nevada TOO 

To-lool-we-ack South Fork 600 

To-roy-;c Shade to Indian Baby Basket Royal Arch Falls 1,800 

Loya Sentinel Fall 3,200 

MOrNTAINS. 

Tis-sa-ack Goddess of the Valley Scnth Dome 6,000 

Cloud's Rest 6,450 

To-coy-ic Shade to Indian Baby Basket Xorth Dome 3,725 

Hunto The Watching Eye Round Tower 2, 100 

Mah-tn Martyr Mountain Cap of Liberty 4,000 

, '.. Mount Starr King 5,600 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 37 

HT. ABOVB 
INDIAN NAME. SIGNIFICATION. AMERICAN NAME. VALLKY. 

Tn-tnck-a-nn-la Great Chief of the Valley The Captain 3,100 feet. 

Wah-wah-lc-na Three Graces 3,750 

Pom-pom-pa-sus Falling Rocks Three Brothers 4,300 

Poo-seo nah Chack-ka Large Acorn Cache Cathedral iiock 2,400 

Sentinel Dome 4,500 " 

Loya Sentinel Rock 3,270 " 

The Yoscmite Valley is 4,060 feet above the sea. Its general course is northeasterly and southwesterly. 

The " New Wagon Road " was completed early in April, 1875, between Clarks and 
The Hermitage, thence into the Valley. Visitors can leave Merced in the morning, 
8top over night at Clarks, the next forenoon visit the Big Tree Grove, six miles from 
Clarks, via Saddle Trail, and during the afternoon of the same day travel by Wash- 
burn, Chapman & Co.'s Passenger Wagons from Clarks to the Valley— making the 
trip, includmg the Big Trees, in two days from Merced; or, via the Coulterville all 
Wagon Route, passing Snellings and Coulterville; stopping over night at Dudley's 
Mills (45 miles from Merced); the next day passing Bower Cave, Pilot Peak, the 
"Merced Grove of Big Trees," the Cliffs and Canons of the Merced River, Bridal 
Veil and Yosemite Falls, arriving at the Hotels at 4.00 p. m., making but two days 
easy traveling, without change of vehicle, between Merced and Yosemite. 

A tliird route for visitors to the Yo Semite and Calaveras Big Trees is to Stockton, 
via Central Pacific Railroad, and thence by rail to Milton, arriving at this railroad 
terminus at 1.45 p. m., where they will take dinner, and then proceed in easy riding 
carriages to Murphy's, where they will find splendid hotel accoLamodations and stop 
over night. The following morning they will drive to the Calaveras Big Tree Grove, 
where they will find equally good hotel accommodations and will spend most of the 
day there, returning in the evening to Murphy's. From Murphy's to the Valley the route 
is through an interesting Hydraulic and Placer Mining country, and over a good gravel 
road. Before reaching the brink of the Valley— at Crane's Flat— the traveler will find 
a small grove of the mammoth trees of California. Two of these, named the "Siam- 
ese Twins," growing from the same root, measure 114 feet in circumference, and 
with corresponding height. But he will hasten on to tbe rim of the mighty basin, and 
become transfi.iied in awe as he first beholds it from "The Stand-Point of Silence." 
Here he takes in the view in its awful majesty. None are so cold as to contemplate it 
without having awakened within them feelings beyond their power to express. From 
such feelings arose the name the point bears. From this summit to the valley below is 
a distance of three miles, by a horseback trail, descending four tliousand feet, where 
HutchinL'^s' .«tage will meet passengers and take them to Hutchings' Hotel, which is 
Burroundcd by the grandest scenery the eye ever rested on. 

The Big Tree Grove op Calaveras County, Cal. 

The Calaveras Group is the one known to the world as " The Big Trees of Cali- 
fornia," and the one chiefly visited by tourists. It comprises the Mammoth and South 
Park Groves. The Mammoth Grove contains ninety-three of these Giants of the 
Forest, among which arc the Mother of the Forest, the bark from which was exhibited 
in the Crystal Palace, London ; the Father of the Forest, through whose prostrate 
trunk thousands have ridden on horseback; and the Original Big Tree, the slump of 
whicli forms the floor of the famous Pavilion, 32 feet in diameter. The South Park 
Grove, distant six miles, is superior to the more famous Mammoth Grove, both 
in number and size of its Big Trees, of which 1,380 have been counted. It 
has only been recently opened up to tourists, and is readily reached with horses 



8B 



The North and West Illustrated. 



from the Mammoth Grove Hotel by a good bridge and trail. These two Groves com- 
prise the Calaveras Group of Big Trees, surpassing all others in grandeur and beauty. 



The Geysers. 

The geysers of California are in Sonoma county in a lateral gorge of the valley of 
Napa, called the Devil's Canon, near Plutou river. The canon is narrow and shut in 
by steep hills. Vapor fills the gorge, while springs hot, cold and great, gush out on 
all sides and lie within a few feet of each other. They differ in color, taste and smell. 
These waters are clear, white, black, red, blue, yellow and green, and are either pure 
to the taste, sulphurous, fetid, acid or alkaline. The most celebrated is " The Steam- 
pipe" which is an orifice in the hill side, eight inches in diameter, out of which la 
ejected continuously and with almost deafening roar., a volume of hot steam that is 
projected from 50 to 200 feet in height. " The Witches' Caldron " is a mass of black 

fetid mud that is ever 
bubbling and boiling with 
internal heat. These gey- 
sers are 1,700 feet above 
the sea level, and are 
I cached from San Fran- 
cibco by two routes ; 

First, via the Vallejo 
Stramers and California 
Pacific Railroad through 
Kapa Valley, <?onnecting 
with Foss & Connelly's 
Line from Calistoga 
P])iings; thence via Van 
Ainam & Kennedy's Line 
to Clovcrdalc, connecting 
with daily train of the 

5 in Francisco and North 
r.icific Railroad, running 
through Sonoma Valley. 

Or Second, via Clover- 
dale and the San Francisco 

6 Northern Pacific Rail- 
road. Sailing up through 
one of the most spacious 

and beautiful bays in the world, surrounded with charming panoramic views ; enjoy- 
ing a ride of 56 miles in comfortable cars, through a level country, affording a wide 
view on each side of the fertile county of Sonoma, passing several thriving towns in 
the meantime. Arriving at Cloverdalc, there connecting \viih Van Arnam & Kennedy's 
new stages, over a new road of easy grade, running through a section of country unsur- 
passed for grandeur of scenery and surroundings ; only two hours staging. 

No trip to California is complete unless including a visit to the great natural phe- 
nomena of the Pacific Coast. 

Lake Tahoe, via Summit Station and Donner Lake. 

The tourists' route between Summit Station, Donner Lake, Truckee, and Lake 
Tahoe, is via stage. Stages will leave Summit, daily, pass Truckee, arriving at Tahoe 




Devil's Gate, Weber Canon, Utah. 

On Omaha A Ctlifornis Line. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 39 

City aud return in the evening. Overland passengers going East, leave San Francisco 
in the morning, Sacramento about noon, arriving at Summit for supper. Remain over 
night at Cardwell's Hotel, and leave by next morning's stage, via the Donner Lake 
Route, for Lake Tahoe, and return during the evening of the same day to Truckee in 
time to connect with the eastward bound train. This route gives passengers an 
outside view of the wonderful snow sheds and galleries of the Central Pacific Rail- 
road, not obtainable in any other way. Overland passengers going West, wishing to 
visit Donner Lake and Lake Tahoe, should leave the train at Truckee or Summit; 
returning from Tahoe City to Truckee or Summit to resume the journey westward on 
any subsequent day. The new passenger excursion (side-wheel) steamer Stanford, 
Captain Lapham, commanding, leaves Tahoe City after arrival of morning stage from 
Summit, and makes the complete circuit of the lake, touching at all points of interest 
en route, returning to Tahoe City same evening. 

Better neglect visiting all the other "lions of California" than fail to visit this 
wonderful and beautiful lake. Many days can be spent with pleasure and with profit 
in this vicinity. Good hotels are found at convenient distances, and guides are always 
ready. Finer brook trout fishing cannot be found on this continent than may be en- 
joyed in this locality. The writer of this has seen trout taken that weighed, when 
dressed for the table, full ten pounds, real speckled beauties ! 

Santa Cruz is the California Cape May, and with Santa Barbara and Los Angeles 
can best be reached via San Francisco. The Summit Soda Springs are 240 miles east 
of San Francisco, and are reached by stage daily from Soda Springs Station on the 
Central Pacific Railroad. The White Sulphur Springs of Calistoga should be "taken 
in" on the trip to or from "The Geysers." 

Mount Diablo, 

The "Mount Washington" of California, the summit of which is nearly 4,000 
feet above sea level, gives an unbounded view of the Alameda, San Joaquin, Sacra- 
mento and connecting valleys. The new' wagon roads from Martinez and Haywards 
enable the tourist to reach the summit with only twenty miles travel in one of 
Kimball's passenger wagons, making close connections with trains and ferries. 
Leaving San Francisco any day (via Oakland), on the Central Pacific Railroad 
Overland Train, arrive at Haywards aud connecting with Bennett's Line, you arrive 
at Mount Diablo at noon. Or leave San Francisco (from Broadway wharf) by the 
Sacramento river steamers "Amador" or "Julia;" arrive at Benicia at 6 p. m. ; 
change to ferry boat for Martinez ; remain there over night ; and thence the next 
morning to Mount Diablo. 

Returning — Stages leave Mount Diablo in the afternoon, in time to connect with 
train passing Haywards, for San Francisco. Or leave Mount Diablo in the afternoon 
to connect with ferry boat leaving Martinez at 5.00 p. m. , connecting with steamers 
"Amador" or "Julia," passing Benicia daily (except Sundays), at 5.30 p. m., and 
arriving at San Francisco about 8.00 p. m. 

OREGON, WASHINGTON AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. 

Tourists and other travelers or emigrants from the East destined for the above 
named States have choice of two routes from the Central Pacific R lilroad. Of course 
to reach that line you will buy your tickets via the Chicago & North-Western Rail- 
way, to Sacramento or San Francisco. The first route is via rail from Sacra- 
mento, up the Sacramento Valley to Redding, 180 miles ; thence by stage, 280 miles. 



40 



The North and "West Illustrated. 



to Rosebiirr/ ; thence by ihc Or.gon «fc California Railroad, 200 miles, lo Port- 
land ; while the other is to S:in Francises, and l hence by steamer up the coast to 
Portland. Oregon City, Salem (the capital), Albany, Eugene City, Astoria, Jack- 
sonville, Empire City, Dal'as, Walli, Walla and Umatvla, in Oregon, may all be 
reached by these routes, while O'ympia, Stcilacoom, Cascade Cty, Walli/l<i, Port 
Toirnsend, Scuttle, points on Pugct Soun I and other points in Washington Territory, 
tMdiVictoria and other points in 5ri7/s7t Columbia, are reached from San Francisco, 
or from Portland. Our agent in Sau Francisco will at all times be pleased to give 
prospective visitors to Oregon or beyond, all information about the country, routes, 
etc., that they may desire. 



THE POPULAR ROUTK TO THE GREAT WEST. 

That the Chicago & 
North -Western Railway- 
is tJie route of the masses 
is well known and ac- 
knowledged by all intelli- 
gent obsen^cTS of railway 
travel. It is to-day, and 
always has been, the 
route selected by those 
eminent in this and other 
lands when making theii 
trans- continental or 
round-the-world trips. 
As long ago as when the 
much-lamented Seward 
started on his over-land 
and over-seas trip, to the 
present day, when the 
thoroughly posted Dom 
Pedro, Emperor of Bra- 
zil, selected it as the 
route not only for his 

trip one way, but for the 
Amphitheatre, Echo Canon, Utah. ^^^^^^ ^^.^^ ^^ ^^.^j,^ ^^ ^^ 

On omaiia i cahfornui i.inc. bccn rccognizcd as thc 

shortest, quickest, best. Reader, you cannot be wrong if you follow in the steps of 
your illustrious predecessors. 




THE IOWA MIDLAND LINE. 

Leaving California and its marvelous climate, we will take up another line of our 
road, and starting from the Mississippi river, take up a stitch we dropped, and try 
to unravel a litilc more of what we fear is, to many, a much-tangled skein. 

At Clinton we are on the west bank of the Mississippi river. Here we will strike 
northward for a short trip, and leaving the main line of thc Iowa Division we will run 
over the Iowa Midl.vnd R.mlway. which is a branch line owned by the Chicago & 
North-Weslern Railway. Three miles above Clinton we reach 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



41 



liyons, 141 miles from Chicago. This city, with 
4,500 population, is situate on the west bank of the 
Mississippi river, and was first settled in 1835. It 
has several important manufacturing establish- 
ments, amongst which we would mention a paper 
mill, employing 50 to 70 men; a sash, door and 
blind factory, with 30 hands; machine shops, agri- 
cultural implement manufactory, etc. Its educa- 
tional facilities are good, having five large school 
buildings that cost from $20,000 to $30,000 each, 
and accommodating 1,200 pupils. " The Lyons 
Female College," and "The River Side," two 
" higher " schools, are also well patronized. Lyons 
has seven churches, two hotels— The Vandoran 
and The Sherman. Odeon Hall, seating 300, is a 
popular concert hall. The city has water works, and 
gas works will be erected during the present year. 

Almont, 149 miles from Chicago, is a village of 
200 people. 

Bryant, 155 miles from Chicago, is a village of 
200 people, and has a good public school, a public 
hall, two hotels— The Hass and The Western- 
charges $1.25 per day. El- e- 
Tira, 8 miles southwest, 
and Centre Orove, 6 miles 
ioutheast, are tributary. 

Goose L,ake, 158 miles 
from Chicago, is surround- 
ed by a fine farming 
country. 

Charlotte, 163 miles 
from Chicago. The village 
has 300 inhabitants, and 
was named after Mrs. Char 
lotte Gilmore, the first 
white woman settling here. 
It is built on both sides 
of Deep river, the stores 
and business houses being 
in the valley along the riv- f 
er, while the residences, t- 
churches, school houses, t 
etc., are on the hijjher 
bluflfs. The poor farm 
and almshouse of Clin- r 
ton county adjoin the vil- 
lage. Tne village has one "" 
school, three churches, 
two flour mills, and one 
hotel. The Sherman House, 
that can accommodate fifty 
guests. Goose Lake, 3 
miles southeast, is a great resort for sportsmen; 
geese, ducks and brant being very abundant. Deep 
river (well named, as it is over 15 feet deep) has 
recently been, by the State Fish Commissioner, 
Blocked with young California salmon. Along the 
river, Indian mounds and the remains of ancient 
mining operations are found. 

Delmar, 171 miles from Chicago, is at the junc- 
tion of the Davenport & St. Paul R. R., and has 
about 600 inhabitants, one school, one church, 
(Methodist), a public hall and library, one news- 
paper, and two hotels— The Junction, and The 
Riggs. Maquoketa river is 4 miles, and large and 
valuable stone quarries 2'/4 miles distant. 

Maqaoketa, 176 miles from Chicago, is the 
county seat of Jackson county, which was organized 




Stephenson County Court Housei Free 
port. III.— page 44. 



in 1847, and now has 24,000 population. The city 
has 3,000 inhabitants, is built on both sides of the 
Maquoketa river, and on the edge 'f the largest 
body of timber there is In the State of ^owa (hence 
they call this the " timber city.") Before the rail- 
road was built here, steamers ran from the Missis- 
sippi river to this point. The city is picturesquely 
located on high bluff's, and has fine, wide, well 
paved streets. Considerable manufacturing is car- 
ried on in the lines of furniture, agricultural imple- 
ments, and other articles, in which wood is largely 
used. The city has one school house that cost 
$25,000, and several cheaper ones, six hotels, a fine 
county court house, four flour mills, two woolen 
mills, a tannery, three banks, four churches, and a 
large number of fine business houses. Two medici- 
nal springs within the city limits have large local 
repute. Two miles off is an Indian burial ground. 
The business of this city for 18T5 showed over 
thirty-three per cent, increase over 1874. 

Nashville, 182 miles from Chicago. This village 

has 200 inhabitants, and is lli miles fouth of Ma- 

i^ _ qnolLetSLTiyer. Burt's Cave, 

6 miles north, is a pleasure 

resort. 

Baldwin, 185 miles 
from Chicago, is three 
miles from Maquoketa riv- 
er; has 300 inhabitants, 
one school, and one hotel. 
Wild game of all kinds 
abound in the vicinity. 
Mill Rock, 1 mile. Four 
Corners, 4 miles, Smith- 
land, 4 miles, Canton, 9 
miles, Crabhtown, 8 miles, 
Garriowen, 18 miles, and 
Zioingle, 18 miles distant, 
are all tributary to this 
-fiuion. 

^lonmouth, 188 miles 
fioni Chicago, is a village 
of 500 Inhabitants, with 
tri-weekly stages to Can- 
ton, 6 miles, and Ozark, 9 
miles distant. The town 
is built on rolling prairie, 
at the head of the Maquo- 
keta valley, and has one 
school, two churches, and 
two hotels. 
Ouslow, 195 miles from 
Chicago, has 100 inhabitants, a graded school, two 
churches, and is connected with Wyoming, pop. 
1,500, 4 miles distant, by daily stage. 

Centre Junction, and Blue Cut, respect- 
ively 199 and 302 miles from Chicago, are unimpor- 
tant villages. 

Anamo8a,310 miles from Chicago, is the county 
scat of Jones county, which was organized in 1839. 
Present population, 20,000. Much of the land is 
rolling prairie, but a portion is hilly and somewhat 
broken, especially along the course of the Wapsi- 
pinicon river, that runs through the county. The 
Iowa State Piscicultural establishment is located In 
this county, and from it many thousands of young 
fish are being sent out to stock the streams and 
lakes of the State. Much easily worked fine build- 



42 



TiiK North and West Illustuated. 



injr and flagging stone is quarried in the county. 
Anamosa contains 'live cliurclius. two good schools, 
extensive manufactures, a court house that cost 
$80,(X)0, two public halls, one l)ank, two hotels— Tlie 
Gillen House. l)y E. Gillen, acc"oininodatin!j .W 
guests, and Tlie Fisher. l)y K. Parker, for IfX) 
guests; they charge $2 per diem. The Iowa Midland 
Railway reached the city in IS"!. The stree', of 
the city arc shaded with handsome native trees, and 



in the summer season seem embowered in foliage. 
The city has water works, which supi)ly from the 
Wapsipinicon • river ample water for protection 
from lire, and for manufacturing and domestic uses. 
Tliis ends our tiij) over this litlle line, and we can 
say that we have passed through as beautiful and 
as productive a portion of country as can be foand 
within the borders of the State. 



THE FREEPORT AND DUBUQUE LINE. 

Leaving Chicago from the Wells Street Depot, and following the course of the 
Chicago and Omaha Line to Junction, 30 miles west of Chicago, we reach the "Free- 
port Branch," and will follow it to its junction with the Illinois Central Railway, 
which forms the northwestern portion of the "Dubuque Line." At 35 miles from 
Chicago we reach 



Wayne, in Du Page county, and in the great 
dairy region of Northern Illinois. It was settled 
first in IKM. and now has 
1.. 500 inhabitants. The land 
in the vicinity of the village 
sells for from $00 to S'"'' 
per acre. A weekly sta^r 
runs to Wayne Centre. 

Clintonville. 39 miles 
from Chicago. This villagr 
of 800 inhabitants, is built 
on both sides of Fo.\ river. 
and at one time was a plan 
of considerable manufa^ 
turing importance, but (irt~ 
swept away the largest, and 
they have not been rebuilt. 
It now has two flour mills. 
one paper and felt mill, onr 
tannery, a foundry an( 
machine shop manufactur- |ai 
ing iron fi.xtures for school 
furniture and sewing ma- 
chines, a fork factory pro- 
ducing 100 dozen forks 
daily, a large malt house, 
and one cheese and butter P^, 

factory. 

Klg^in, 4.3 mile.9 from Chicago, divided by Fox 
river into West and East Elgin. We here have a 
beautiful city of some 9,000 persons. It is the head- 
quarters of the dairy interest of the Fox River val- 
ley, and 18 the market for most of its dairy products. 
Elgin butter and cheese are noted the country over 
for their excellence. Within five miles of the city 
are cheese and butter factories that in 187.5 produced 
over 2,000,000 lbs. of cheese, and 600,000 lbs. of 
butter. Besides manufacturing butter and cheese, 
the dairies ship large quantities of milk and cream 
to Chicago. The Illinois Milk Condensing Co., 
using the Gail Borden process, buys about S8.(X)0 
worth of milk montlily, and daily ships one car 
load of its product. The Fox River Woolen Manu- 
factory employs .50 hands, and uses daily .500 lbs. 
of wool. The Elgin Packing Co. employs 100 men, 
and cans and packs corn and vegetables that cost at 
the factory, $40,000 yearly. One carriage factory 
employs 35 men; one foundry makes castings for 




Whiting House— Lake Geneva, Wis. 



sewing machines, and for machinery for dairies, ita 
exclusive business. In the city are twelve churches, 
seven public schools, one 
academy, one catholic 
school with 200 students, a 
\\nQ free public library hav- 
ng 5,000 volumes, three 
public halls, (Dubois seat- 
ing 1,200), two national 
)anks, four flour mills, two 
daily, three weekly and 
two monthly newspapers, 
and several hotels, best of 
which are The Waverly, by 
Lasher & Sons, with 60 
rooms at S2 per day. The 
Western, at $1 per day; 
The City, by W. Shaw, at 
S2 per day, and The Chica- 
go, at $1.50 per day. The 
court house is of brick, and 
connected with it is the 
jail and city ofticcs. The 
city is lighted with gas, and 
has a paid fire department 
with steam fire engines. 
Wherever known Elgin is 
noted for its beauty, thrift 
and enterprise. The Northern Asylum for Insane 
is located in the centre of a tract of 4,S0 acres of land, 
of which ItH) acres were donated to the State by the 
city of El^in. The buildings of the asylum are one 
mile southwest of the city, on the west bank of the 
river, and are in plain view from the cars as you 
pass along. The buildings and purchased grounds 
have cosi the State some $900,000, and are said to 
be the most complete and best conducted of any in 
the West. The National Watch Company have 
their works here, and employ constantly from 600 
to 1,000 operatives, of whom one-half are females. 
Since the works were started, they have made over 
20.000 watches. The buildings and machinery cost 
about Sti(X),000. 

Gilbert!*, 50 miles from Chicago, is a village of 

100 people. Udina. 4 miles, and New Hampshire, 

8 miles distant, are tributary, and are reached from 

this station. 

Huntley, 55 miles from Chicago, is in McHenry 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



43 



county, and is a village of 600 persons. It has 
large dairy interests, two flour mills, one flax mill, 
three churches, one graded public school, and two 
hotels. 

Union, 63 miles from Chicago, pop. 360. Has 
one gram elevator, one cheese factory, one good 
echpol, three churches, and one hotel. Coral, 2'^ 
miles south, and Franklinville, AYz miles north, are 
tributary. 

Marenisro, 66 miles from Chicago. This is an 
incorporated village with 2,000 inhabitants, built on 
the prairie, 1 mile south of the Kishwaukee river. 
It IS surrounded by a stock growing and dairy coun- 
try. The cheese and butter establishment of 
J. Boies & Son, use constantly the milk of 3 cows. 
In the village are one public school building of sis 
rooms, si.x churches, " Lansigu " and " Dcitz " halls 
for public entertainments, and The Vermont House 
and The Marengo Hotel, to provide accommodations 
for transient guests. 



county seat of Winnebago county, which was organ- 
ized in 1836, has 55,000 inhabitants, and is one of 
the most densely settled counties of the State. At 
Rockford was held in 1845 the first meeting in the 
interest of railroad building west of Lake Michigan, 
and from the results of that meeting, and the aid 
then pledged, the great railroad we are low illus- 
trating can be clearly traced. Rockford is essin- 
tially a manufacturing city. It is built on both 
sides of Rock river, wliich is hero dammed, and 
supplies power for 135 manufacturing establish- 
ments which use its waters. Over 4,600 mi n are 
constantly employed in these establishments, and 
as can readily be imagined, they tei.d largely to 
make the city what it is. In the city are four flour 
mills, the manufacturing firms of Emerson & Co., 
Norman C. Thompson, F. II. Manny, J. P. Msnny, 
W. A. Knovvlton, Bertram & Sames, A. Haines & 
Co., Briggs & Enoch, Derwent & Sons, Gault, Hill 
& Co., and Jones & Yard, all making agricultural 




Arlington Heights (late Dunton), III.— page 50. 



Belvidere, 78 miles from Chicago. This is the 
county seat of Boone county, which was organized 
In 18;i7, and h;is 15,000 inhabitants. Kishwaukee 
river runs through the city, and divides it into North 
and South Belvidcre. South Belvideie is built on 
elevated prairie, and contains more than lialf of the 
4,000 persons who compri^'e the population of this 
joint city. In the court house Fquare is the grave 
of "Big Thunder,"' a noted Indiin warrior, who 
was killed there during the "Blackhawk War." 
The city has two fine school houses, eleven churches, 
two public halls with seats for 2,000 persons, and 
two banks with capital of $1.50,000. Broom corn is 
largely grown in this vicinity, one person in 1875 
having over 4 "0 acres on his farm. 

Cherry Valley, 84 miles from Chicago, is in 
Winnebago county, and has a pojjulation of 1,200. 
The camp meeting ground of the Noithem Metho- 
dist Conference is located one-half mile west of 
this village. The village has one school house that 
cost $16,000, three churches and two hotels-Thc 
Valley House, by L. N. Doty, and The Union, by 
C. A. Duiiwell. Around Cherry Valley are many 
"maple orchards," in which large quantities of 
maple sugar are made annually. 

Rockford, 93 miles from Chicago. This is the 



implements; several large iron works, glove facto- 
ries, boot and shoe, pump and furniture factories, 
paper mills, oat meal mills, etc. A recent acquisi- 
tion is the establishment of a watch compary hav- 
ing a capital of $150,000, and although but one-fourth 
of the buildings are erected, thi y employ 2 opera- 
tors. The city is lighted with gis, has water works, 
a fine public library with 6,000 volumes of bound 
books, an efticent fire department, several news- 
papers, and several iron and stone bridges crossing 
the river. The schools, of which there are eight, 
and the cfiurches, of which there are sixteen, 
should n- t be forgotten. The populat on of Rock- 
ford is over 15,0C0, and is steadily increasing. 

WinnebaRo, 100 miles from Chicago, is a village 
of 600 strictly temperance people, for they allow no 
liquor to be sold in the village, or within one milo 
of it. It has one school, four churches, one hotel, 
and one grain elevatur. Founlaind le is tributary, 
and IS reached twice weekly by i-t>ge. 

Pecatoiiica, 107 miles from Ch cngo. Here we 
have another town of 2,000 people who do not 
allow liquors to be so d within its corporate limits. 
The town was chartered in 18.55, and having fine 
water power utilizes it to run the machinery of a 
flour mill, a wagon factory, butter tub factory, saw 



44 



The North and West Illustrated. 



mill, machine shop, and other minor shops. The 
town has one good school house, live churches, one 
newspaper, a masonic and an odd fellows' hall, 
three public halls, and one hotel. The Pecatouica 
House, by Jas. O'Brien, with 20 rooms for guests at 
$2 per day. The town is built on Pecatonica river, 
which is here crossed by a substantial iron bridge. 

Kidott, 114 miles from Chicago. In Stephenson 
county is this village of 300 souls. It has one grain 
elevator, a cheese factory, a public hall that cost 
$7,000, three schools, one church, and one hotel. 
Orangeville, Oneco, and Cedarville are tributary, 
and are reached by stage. 

Freeport, Vi\ miles from Chicago. This city, 
with its 11,000 inhabitants, is the county seat of 
Stephenson county. The county was organized in 
1836-7, and was named for the Winnebago tribe of 
Indians, who had their homes in the vicinity until 
1*?,"). when rhey were moved beyond the borders of 




^i^VA.l^^i->^\Q^'^tR^^^■;"""^ 



Public School, Arlington Heights, III.— page 50, 



Illinois. Winnesheick, the head chief of the tribe, 
had in 1827 his village of 200 lodges on the ground 
where Freeport is now located, and the burial 
ground of liis fathers is now covered by the freight 
houses of the C. & N.-W. Ry ! In early days con- 
Biderable lead was mined in Stephenson county, 
and in 1827 a war broke out between the miners (of 
the Galena district) and the Indians, and had it 
not been for Winneshcick's friendly warning, every 
white person in Northern Illinois would have been 
treacherously murdered. He was always friendly 
to the whites, and his memory is honored by the 
descendants of the early settlers of Stephenson 
county. The county contains fifteen townships, 
through each of which at least one stream runs, 
thns having ample water and drainage. The first 
white permanent settler was Oliver W. Kcllo<:g, of 
New York State, who came in 1S2G; the first mill 
in, and the jail for the county were built in 18.37, by 



T. J. Turner, once President of The Galena <ft 
Chicago Union Railway, as noted in the history of 
that line; the first school was opened in 1839, and 
at the first county election held in 1838, eighty-four 
votes were cast. 

Freeport is on Pecatonica river, 30 miles from itB 
mouth; its first house was built in 1835, its. first 
store in 1836, first tavern in 1837, first school in 1839, 
and was mada the county seat in 1837. In 1845 it 
had a population of 500, in 1850, of 1,100, and has 
11,000 now. The river is dammed here, and a water 
power, with a fall of seven feet secured thereby, 
which is utilized by many manufacturing establish- 
ments built along it. In the annals of this city we 
find, that on July 12, 1849, the mercury stood at 114 
degrees in the shade, and on January 12, 1864, at 35 
degrees below. In 1852 from twenty to thirty stages 
arrived and departed from this city daily, it beinjf 
then the farthest limit that could be reached by any 
other public conveyance. 
The first locomotive 
reached Freeport on Au- 
gust 25, 1853; the city 
^ was incorporated in 1855, 
'^^'^ ^^ and in 1856 it was lighted 
with gas. The telegraph 
reached it in 1861. It 
^3 contains the follomnj 
manufactories, viz : 

Champion corn cultiva- 
tors, fanning mills. Sto- 
ver wind mills, iroa 
umps, Pattison's reap- 
^ ers, Morgan & Co.'* 
I plows, Kmmert's churns, 
s twoflour mills, one wool- 
■ n mill, four machine 
>hops, a large beet-root 
>ugar factory, and many 
minor establishments; a 
line court house, that 
cost, in 1872, $140,000; a 
.•soldiers' monument, that 
cost $12,000; five banks, 
"^S^^r with capital of $180,000; 
^''"--IJ:^'!!^.'-'^^ two public halls, that 
will seat 1,300 persons; 
four school houses, that 
cost $46,000, and will seat 
1,950 children; eleven churches; six masonic lodges, 
chapters, etc., occupying a fine masonic hall; four 
newspapers, and six hotels, viz., The Brewster, by 
J. S. Gates; The Pennsylvania, by J. S. /artman; 
The Tremont, by Robey & Myer; The New York, by 
John Kerch; The French, by J. French, and The 
European, by II. E. Brown. Orangeville, Oneco, 
Shucey Millx, Monroe, Wi-c., McConnelVs Grove, 
Elizabeth. Watervian's Mdts, Yelloiv Creek, Kent, 
Loran, Wmterft. J'lmti River, ]MUow, and Yankee 
Hollow, are readied from Freeport by stages. At 
this point we reach the Nokthern Division op thb 
Illinois Central Railroad, and with it form the 
Chicago, FuEEroRT & Dubuque Line, over which 
the through distributing postal cars carrying the 
United States mails are run between Chicauro and 
I^na, Nora, Warren, App'e River, Scales Mound, 
Council Hill, Galena. Durdeilh. Dubuque, and all 
points west of that city. This forms the direct 



The Chicago & North-Wbsteen Railway. 



45 



northern route to those points, and all passengers 
passing through Northern Illinois destined for any 
•of them, should be certain to buy tickets to or via 
Preepoit over the Chicago & North- Western Rail- 
way, and should not be induced to take less favor- 
Able routes. 

At Freeport we form connections with the 



Western Uniok Railroad for Shannon, Lanark, 
Mount Carroll, Savanna, and points west. The 
position occupied by Freeport, and its railway facili- 
ties, give to it a commanding influence over the 
trade of a large district on all sides, and how well 
this is taken advantage of, its prosperous merchants 
and manufacturers plainly show. 



THE CHICAGO AND LAKE GENEVA LINE. 

Two routes owned by the Chicago & North- Western Railway Co. are open to the 
traveler from Chicago destined for Lake Geneva and the surrounding country. The 
one route takes him via the Wisconsin Division and Crystal Lake, and will be described 
elsewhere. The other route is the one we would now call your attention to. By it you 
leave Chicago from the Wells Street depot, follow the Galena double track, steel rail 
line to Junction, thence northwesterly to "Fox River Switch," (44 miles from 
Chicago),.over the Freeport Branch, and thence via the "Fox River Branch," to 



Dundee, 48 miles from Chicago. This pleasant 
■city of 2,500 people is on Fox river, which divides 
it into East and West Dundee, which have separate 
municipal goveniments, and are really two corpo- 
rations, but here must be treated as if one. The 
cities have one high school iu a building that cost 
$30,000, several other pub- 
lic schools, a public hall 
that cost $5,000, six church- 
•es, a cheese factory using 
2,500 gallons of milk daily, 
two hotels — The Bowman 
and The Dundee, and many 
large bu;-iness establisl;- 
ments. The Dundee Brick 
Co. employs $'J5,000 capital, 
and makes 4,000,000 bricks 
yearly. From this statin 
Jarge quantities of milk are 
daily shipped to Chicago. 
It is claimed, and probably 
•correctly, that from this ^ 
station is daily shipped 
more milk than from any 
■other station in the United 
State,*. The cheese and 

butter of this valley command a high price in the 
markets of Europe, and owing to the grasses and 
■water consumed by the cows, is said to be of pecul- 
iarly good quality. Carpenterville is one mile from 
Dundee, and is an active manufacturing village with 
500 people. It is connected with Dundee by a side 
track, and has one flour mill, one woolen factory 
with two sets machinery, and employing 25 to 50 
men; an iron and bolt company, employing 100 
men, and paying in wages $4,000 monthly; an agri- 
cultural implement factory, employing 30 men, and 
several smaller factories and mills. Fox river is 
here spanned by an iron bridge built by the Ameri- 
can Bridge Co. 

Algonquin, .53 miles from Chicago. The quiet 
Tillage of Algonquin is delightfully situated in a 
little trianguhir valley at the junction of Crystal 
Lake outlet with Fox river. The bluffs, which at 
Elgin, ten miles below, are gradual slopes, here 
assume the character of steep hills of very consid- 
erable elevation, and in consequence the place 
has more the appearance of a New England vil- 




lage, than of a typical Western prairie village ; 
nestled down here quietly, and necessarily from 
its situation quite compactly built, with the Fox 
river and clear waters of the lake outlet flowing 
through it, one hardly realizes that he is in a prairie 
country. The bluffs above and below the village 
are well wooded, and when 
^- clothed with their spring 
^i and summer foliage, give 
4 the place an attractive and 
-2, captivating appearance, 
s Taken altogether, Algon- 
' quin possesses a pictur- 
esqueness and beauty rare- 
found in the West, and 
shciuld be better known, 
that it maybe appreciat- 
ed as it deserves. The 
village has had several 
names since its earlier 
(lays. For a time it was 
j, ' it-i!;ffi j; /jjg^_ ^, ^ I -^i^^J known as Cornish's Ferry, 
'"~^ ^^^2^^ then as Osceola, and finally 

in 1856 it had permanently 

Ayer's Hotel, Harvard, lll.-page 52. «"ached its present name. 

The railroad crosses Fox 
river at this point. Large quantities of milk are 
shipped from here to Chicago, and more is consumed 
in its cheese and butter factories, which together 
absorb daily the milk of 1,500 cows, which are 
owned on flfty-f our farms near this station. Grazing 
land sells for from $50 to $100 per acre. Algonquin 
contains three flour mills, one milk can factory, 
two fine school houses, and several churches. 

Crystal Lake is 58 miles from Chicago by this 
route, and will be described when we reach the 
Wisconsin Division of the C. & N.-W. Ry. 

McHenry, 66 miles from Chicago. This is a 
village of 2,000 people, built on high ground on the 
banks of Fox river, in McIIenry county. 111. It has 
three hotels, one school, several churches, and one 
newspaper. Five miles distant we come to a chain 
of small lakes that extend eastward some thirty 
miles. These lakes are full of flsh, and along their 
shores game is found in abundance. 

Rinjjwood, 70 miles from Chicago, is a village 
of 400 people, surrounded by a fine grazing and 
farm country, well settled and finely Improved. Iu 



46 



The Noktii and West Iij.ustkated. 



the village aro two lioteli', one school, two churches, 
and the iifual su|)p'y of stoics, shop-", etc. 

Ricliinoiul, 75 miles from Chicago. This village 
hax 750 inhabitants, and is built on the banks of 
Keiper?ink river. It hii-one Hour mill, one school, 
four churches, au agricultural implement manufac- 
tory, and one hotel. Twin Lakes are three miles 
from the station. Game abounds in the vicinity. 

Genoa Junction, 77 miles from Chicago. 



Passing out of McUcnry county, and out of the- 
Sta:e of Illinois, we here reach M'alworth county, 
in Wisconsin, and here cross the Kenosh.k & Rock- 
ford Railroad, one of the lines owi ed by the 
C. & N.- \V. Ry. Co. The village contains 300 p. oplc, 
and has one flour mill, one hotel, a phniiii<; mill, 
one school, and one church. Wooded hills sur- 
round the town, and add no small charm to the 
scenery of the vicinity. 



Lake Geneva, Wis. 



LAke Geneva, via Elgin, is 86 miles, and via 
Crystal Lake, 70 miles from Chicago. During the 
summer season tlirough trains are run by both 
routes, but during the winter throufjk trains are run 
only via Elgin, yet in the winter close connections 
are made by the Wisconsin Division trams at Crystal 



the richest enjoyment to the seeker of pleasure. 
The waters are remarkably clear and cold, being 
supplied by springs, and in many places are 
known to be very deep. The lake was called by 
the Indians " Kish-wu-ke-tu,"' signifying "crystal 
water." In later times it was known as Big Foot 




^-^ ^ 








The Lake and the Oakwood Hotel, Green Lake, Wis. -page 58. 



Lake, with the through trains that run by the Elgin 
route. 

This delightful and thriving village is situated 
upon the north shore of Lake Geneva. No more 
lovely sheet of water can be found in the North- 
west, and no town could be blessed with more 
charming scenery. It is f.ist becoming noted for 
its beauty, and many hundreds are making it their 
summer resort. Its growth and improvement for 
the past few years have been marked, and 'the ex- 
tensive hotels now building upon its banks only 
await completion to be thronged with the tourist 
and traveler from every part. Two fine side-wheel 
steamers make regular trips from Geneva to Fon- 
tana and intermediate points of interest, affording 



Lake, from its slight resemblance to the human 
leg and a monstrous foot. The lake as it is now 
known was named for (!eneva Lake in New York, 
which in turn was named for (Jeneva Lake in Swit- 
zerland. Its shores are in places bold, at others 
undulating; here topped with grand old forests of 
oak, there opening out into a wide rolling strelcli of 
country, dotted with fields of waving grass and 
grain, and beautiful farm houses. Mansions of 
great size and immense cost, displaying exquisite 
architecture, and surrounded by grassy terraces and 
rarest (lower gardens, adorn the shores near the vil; 
Inge, while the lands for some miles out have been 
purchased by capitalists, and at no distant day will 
be adorned with all that money and skill can do to 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



47 



make a rural home inviting and lovely. Springs of 
mineral properties, and it is hoped value, have been 
discovered at the head of the lake, where a large 
summer boarding house is to be erected. The 
fish of the lake are pickerel, rock aud blick 
bass, and perch; but 
most important of all 
is the celebrated " Cis- 
co," which comes to 
ehore and is usually 
seen but once during 
the year, which is 
from June 10 to June 
15, when a certain fly 
becomes unpleasantly 
abundant about the 
shore, and which be- 
comes food for the 
Cisco during this their 
spawning time. Cisco 
fishing is a sport rel- 
ished by man)-, who 
travel ofttimes long 
distances to share it 
with the villagers and 
visitors, who gener- 
ally turn out and make 
it a gala week. The 
village is well laid 
out, the site being a 
little elevated and 
quite level, with high 
rolling hills to the 
east, west and north. 
The ontlet of the lake 
furnishes a valuable 
water power, which 
operates a large grist 
mill, woolen mill and 
saw mill. Geneva at 
present has about 
2,500 inhabitants, the 
census of 1870 show- 
ing 2,042. The town 
has six churches, 

three hotels, one of 

which is valued at 

$50,000, a large and 

flourishing ladies' 

seminary, a fine pub- 
lic school building, 

the most valuable in 

the county, one bank, 

one newspaper, and 

the usual amount of 

store and other vilbige 

property. Geneva was 

for many years the 

direct point from 

which most supplies 

of lumber, flour, feed, 

and other pioneer 

necessities were ob- 
tained. The prospects 



of this town we think unusually flattering; with a 
proportionate growth in nuuuifacturing, with its 
watering attractions it must at no distant day 
rank among the best towns of the State. 




JIL. 



*8 



The North axd West Illustrated. 



TO THE NORTH & NORTHWEST. 

The Chicago & North-Western Railway Company owns two lines that run from 
Chicago northwardly, and one of these lines, 62 miles beyond Chicago, divides, and 
thereafter two lines are formed that continually diverge until their northern and north- 
western termini are many hundred miles apart. Examine our map. Note Harvard 
Junction as tlie point of bifurcation — Ishpeming in the north, close to Lake Superior, 
as the northern terminus of one line, and Lake Kampeska as the northwestern terminus 
of the other. Yet another peculiarity should be noted — after the North- Western line has 
reached Elroy, 0)0 miles from Harvard Junction, and 212 miles from Chicago, another 
line starts off towards the north, and ends at St. Paul and Minneapolis. This will be 
treated of in its proper place as a portion of our Chicago, Madison «& St. Paul Line. 

We trust you will fix in 
your minds the locale of 
these three lines, and be 
enabled to follow us when 
we come to describe the 
various points along them. 
They will be mostly treated 
as independent lines, as 
they are to a large extent. 
The other line running 
northwardly from Chicago, 
3 referred to above, is the old 
Lake Shore, Chicago & 
Milwaukee Line, and is 
here mentioned for the 
reason that it, too, reaches 
^ at Fond du Lac, the Wis- 
consin Division, which 
forms a portion of the 
<Treen Bay & Lake Supenor 
Line, which we propose to 
take up first. The Milwau- 
kee Line, and its connection 
;it Fond du Lac with the 
Wisconsin Division, will be 
discussed in its proper 
pla';e. With this preface, 
we will attempt to produce 




Magone Falls, near Creen Bay, Wis.— page 65. 

for } our use a faint picture of the noted 



CHICAGO, GREEN BAY & LAKE SUPERIOR LINE. 

This line is formed of the Wisconsin and Peninsula Divisions of the Chicago & 
North-Western Railway. The first runs from Chicago, via ILirvard, Janesville, Water- 
town, Fond du Lac and Oshkosh, to Fort Howard (Green Bay); and the last from 
Green Bay, via Oconto, Menomonee, Escanaba and Negaunee, to Ishpeming, in the 
heart of the iron region of Lake Superior, and within 12 miles of the city of Marquette. 
Leaving Chicago from the Depot on tlie corner of AVest Kinzie and Canal streets, it 
runs through the northwest suburbs of the city, out of Cook and into and through Lake 
and Mcllenry counties, in Illinois; Walworth, Rock, Jefferson, Dodge, Fond du Lac, 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



49 




First National Hotel, Green Bay Wis.— page 66. 



Winnebago, Outagamie, Brown and Oconto counties, in Wisconsin; and Bleeker, 
Delta and Marquette counties in the northern peninsula of Michigan. This line is 
421 miles long, without counting the many short branches that radiate from the main 

line near its northern ter- 



minus, and, with its con- 
nection to Marquette, 
gives us an all rail line, 
and the only one from 
Chicago to the shores of 
Lake Superior. It passes 
through as great a variety 
of scenery as can be found 
on any line. First, the 
old settled eastern part 
of Northern Illinois, with 
its suburban villages and 
cosy little towns; then 
through the grass and 
dairy region of Southeast- 
ern Wisconsin; then 

through as fine a farming and fruit region as the West or any other country produces, 

followed by the pine lands of the northeastern part of that State, and of the southern 

portion of the northern peninsula of Michigan; then the sand hill and cedar country, 

along upper Green Bay and the Esca- 

naba river, and, finally, in the ribbed and 

Tockj' iron country. All this can be 

passed through in a summer day's .I'our- 

ney, and can be viewed and enjoyed 

from the luxurious seats of the Pullman 

Palace Coach, as it passes daily in its 

journey from Chicago to Marquette, or 

vice versa. Besides opening up the 

•charming country along its own line, this 

road crosses and forms connections with 

a series of east and west roads, which 

together give entrance to all parts of the 

State of Wisconsin, and offer gateways to 

the summer resorts and fishing and shoot- 
ing grounds that are becoming so well 

and favorably known, not only over our 

own land, but in " the lands beyond the 

sea." 

We will now commence our trip up 

this line, and having seated ourselves in 




Cook's Hotel, Creen Bay, Wis.— page 66. 



the elegant coaches of the line as they stand in the West Kinzie and Canal streets 
depot, we will first see what is ofTered for suburban patrons, and to do that, we show 
the commutation rates as follows : 



eo 



Thb North and West Illustrated. 



Commutation Rates — Wiscoksin Division. 



4.1 

e 7 

7.6 
B.8 
10.4 

12 1 

13 1 
]«.« 
19 9 
» 4 

SI 6 
S8.3 

42.9 



GHIIO^^G-O 



S0.2 
M.2 
59.7 
61.5 
70.2 



45.7 
SI. 3 



Maplewood 

Irving Park 

Mont oee 

Plank Iload 

Norwood 

("anileld 

Park lildge 

Des Plalaes 

Mount Prospect 

ArllnKton Heights 

Palatine 

Barrlagton 

tary 

Crystal Lake j 

McHenry j 

Klngwood j 

Richmond | 

Genoa Junction j 

Lake Geneva j 

HIdgefleld 

Woodstock 



1/1 



.15 

.25 

Ml 

.80 

.35 

.40 

45 

60 

.70 

.80 

.SO 

l.IO 

1.35 

l.ro 

2.05 



1.75 
2..S0 
1.90 
2.45 
2.10 
2 65 
2.15 
2.-0 
2.50 
3.00 



1.60 
1.80 



1.10 
1.80 
2.00 
2. .35 
2.75 
8.20 
3.50 
4.40 
5.K0 
5.95 
6.90 
8.40 
10.15 

11.35 



13.30 
14.35 
15.85 

16.20 

1S.60 
•17.00 

12.10 
13.60 



£ Si 



2.50 
4.00 
4.60 
5.80 
6.30 
7.30 
7.(0 
10.00 
12. (to 
13.50 
15.70 
1900 
23.00 
25.80 



30.15 
32.55 
85.85 
36.90 
42.00 

27.50 
S0.80 



6.50 
7.20 
9.10 
11.00 
1310 
1500 
15.75 
18. .50 
21.50 
ZS.50 
26.10 
81.60 
S8.L0 

42.90 



50.20 
54.20 
59.70 
61.50 
70.00 



45.70 
51.00 



88.00 
48.00 
54.00 
60.00 
6S.IO 
72 00 
72.50 
77 00 
80.(10 
85.00 
95.00 
llO.m) 
115.00 

120.00 



12". .00 
150.00 



23.00 
29. UO 
38.00 
86.00 
41.(0 
43.00 
43.50 
47.10 
4«.li(l 
51 .00 
57.(0 
66.0) 
68.00 

72.00 



75(0 
90.00 



X 



18.00 
22.00 
25 OO 
27.00 
81.00 
SS.OO 
33.50 
85.00 
36.00 
Sg.OO 
4.1.0O 
50.00 
S3.0O 

51.00 



56.00 
67.00 



F«ii 



Tiikfls limited to Sii Moiilhs 



All these points are amply provided with many fast trains daily to and from Chicago. 
Passing out of the depot, and through the northern limits of the city of Chicago, 
we run past Maplewood, a bright little village, and Irving Park, of similar char- 
acter, and eight miles out reach Montrose, a new station on a level prairie, where we 
cross a railway line, and make a halt of a few seconds only, as, beyond the artesian 
wells, there is nothing to detain us for description. One mile further on we reach 
Plank Road, with a population of 800 and two hotels; then one mile beyond we have 
Norwood, and two miles further, Canfield; and 13 miles from Chicago, Park Ridge, 
with its 700 people, two churches, one school, one hotel, and an artesian well 1,600 feet 
deep, that cost $5,500, and flows water strongly medicinal, and having a local repu- 
tation as a powerful remedial agent. Pushing on, we get beyond the line of residence 
villages, and 



Dps Plainos, 17 miles from Chicago, is reached, 
and is foiiiul to be a tlirifty growing village of 1,500 
people, located on the hanks of the Des Plaines 
river, which is here crossed by a flne bridge. Along 
the river arc many pleasant groves, through which 
roads hr.ve been opened, giving facilities for pleas- 
ant drives. The Methodist camp meeting grounds 
arc contiguous to the village; on these grounds are 
now over 100 houses. In the village is a large brick 
school house, four churches, and one hotel— The 
American, by H. & A. Ward, at $2 per day. We^t 
and East Nor(hliHd, Wheeling. Half Day and Elk 
Orove, are tributary villages, sis to ten miles dis- 
tant, and reached by stage lines. 

Mount Prospect, 17 miles from Chicago, is a 
new station. 

ArlitiKton HeiRhts, 22 miles from Chicago. 
This is the village that has for many years been 



known as Dunton. It is built on ground elevated 
200 feet above Lake Michigan, and 75 feet above the 
railroad track, yet water is obtained in abundance 
in digging wells not more than 25 feet deep. The 
town was laid out in 185.5. and now has 1,500 inhabit- 
ants. Considerable manufacturing is earned on — 
one concern employing 150 men, and another (a 
brass foundry) employs UK) men. In the town are 
five public parks, adorned with flowers and shrubs, 
one school, in a house that cost $10,000; three 
churches, a steam flour mill, two grain elevators 
and three hotels. Marl and peat beds are found in 
the vicinity, and arc worked to some extent. Lake 
Zurich, a plea.«ant summer resort, seven miles north- 
west. Elk Grove, two miles south, and Long Grove, 
two miles north, are tributary. 

Paliitine, 2l> miles from Chicago, This village, 
with its 1,500 inhabitants, is on the borders of the 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



51 



** Lake Country " of Northern Illinois. Lakes Zu- 
rich, Diamond, Grass, Honey and Bangs are near 
the elation, and furnish excellent fishing, boating 
and bathing facilities. Of these, Lake Zurich may 
be especially mentioned, as it is one of the most 
Iteautiful bodies of fresh water to be found any- 
where. The village of the same name is on its 
shores, and has in it two good hotels, for 70 summer 
guests. Palatine contains two grain elevators, one 
public hall, two newspaper offices, one school and 
three churches. 



Barring^on, 33 miles from Chicago, pop. 1,300, 
is in the northern part of Cook county, and \z sur- 
rounded by a Hue agricultural country. It is a large 
milk shipping point, and has several butter and 
cheese factories within its limits. In the village are 
four churches, one school, two hotels, and many 
fine business houses. Wauconda is 9 miles north, 
and to it stages run daily, stopping at Lake Zurich 
en route. Fare to Lake Zurich 25 cents, and to 
Wauconda 50 cents. 



Lake Zurich. 



Unlike many less favored places, little has been 
said of the one named above. Last year a few of 
the lovers of quiet and the beautiful sought this 
place out— one of them, writ- 
ing to the Chicago Tribune, 
Bays: 

"It may be, and probably 
is, the fact, that many of your 
readers arc not aware what a 
beautiful summer resort lies 
within an hour and a half's 
ride of Chicago. Many peo- 
ple who swelter through the 
hot season, and who cannot 
afford to take' a vacation, or 
expend much money in plea^ 
nre-seekiug, will undoubtedly 
be glad to know that within 
CO short a distance, and 
which may be reached in fco 
short a tim.c, and at a compai 
atively nominal cost, there 
lies one of the most beautiful 
•spots that can be found any- 
where in the Western country. 
Lake Zurich is named after 
one of the most splendid Iakr>^ 
in Switzerland, and when once 
seen, and its scenerj- and love- 
liness enjoyed, no one would 
for a moment think that he 
who named it was guilty of 
any presumption in the christ- 
ening. This place is situated 
on the edge of Lake county, 
four miles north by east from 
Barrington Station, on the 
Wisconsin Division of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway. An omnibus 
is in waiting on the arrival of trains, to convey pas- 
sengers to the Lake Zurich House. The short ride 
by stage is even more delightful than by rail. The 
road runs through a splendid farming country, 
teeming with all the exuberant richness of a boun- 
teous soil, alternating with woodland and prairie, 
hills and valleys, fields of waving grain, and farm 
houses embowered in shrubbery— making one of 
the finest landscapes I have ever seen anywhere. 

" This letter is written at the close of the celebra- 
tion of our National Anniversary, which has been 
a glorious day here. Though writing from Lake 
Zurich, yet I do not live here, and have never been 
here before. I have, therefore, no ax to grind and 
nobody's horn to blow, but am actuated by a desire 



to let the people of our great city, who may long 
for the inexpensive luxury of a brief respite from 
the dust, and din, and heat of the restless, surging 




Mineral 



Dock, Eecanaba, Mich.— page 69. 

j multitude, know what a delightful rural retreat lies 
I upon our very outskirts, where pleasure and rest 
are within the reach of all. I never till to-day so 
fully realized the force of the expression, ' Man made 
the city, but God made the country ; ' it was. perhaps, 
because the contrast was so great and so immediate — 
as the saying is, ' Out of Purgatory into Paradise. ' 

''Lake Zurich is bolted all around with beautiful 
groves of timber, among the openings of which, 
grass-plats slope down to the pebbled beach, where 
the pure crystal waters lave the shore. The lake, 
as I am informed, aboui ds with fish of various 
kinds, the principal of which are pickerel and black 
bass, which may bo taken with the spear by torch- 
light in the shallower parts of the lake, or with 
hook and line, and by trolling. 



52 



TiiK XoKTH AM) West Illustrated. 



" I shall not soon forget my first visit to Lake 
Zurich; and, in conclusion, can only express the 
hope that hundreds of others, from our crowded 
and dusty city, nuiy enjoy, in this quiet and secluded 
retreat, tlio delij,'lit vliidi will not bo excelled 
thou^'h they travel hundreds of miles to find it." 

The above was written by a gentleman who has 
visited every celebrated watering place in this 
■country and in Europe, and speaks from personal 
experience. 

Cary, ,38 miles from Chicago. This village of 

100 j)C()ple is one mile from Fox river, in which is 

most excellent fishing. The village has one good 

'hotel, in which sportsmen always find a hearty 

■welcome. 

Crystal I,ako, by this route 43 miles from 



the county is very evenly divided between prairie 
and timber. In the county are thirteen flour mills 
run by water, twenty-seven cheese factories, and 
twenty-three butter factories. What is now Wood- 
stock was until 1SJ4 known as C'entreville, and as 
such had been the county seat for 7 years. The 
name was changed at request of the then County 
Clerk, and was named after Woodstock, Vermont. 
The city is built on a ridge running between Fox 
and Kock rivers, and has 2,500 inhabitants, a county 
court house, a theatre, four public halls, one hotel 
—The Wavcrly house, having 60 rooms, and several 
manufactories. The Woodstock Pickle Factory 
employs 50 men, and uses of cucumbers 34,000 bush- 
els, cabbage 10,000 tons, cauliflower 1,000 tons, and 
equally large lots of other vegetables yearly; in 
1875 it produced over $350,000 worth of pickles. 




•A/</fai/o-cc.£ivc. 



Teal Lake, Negau 

From :i painting by E 

Chicago. At this point we cross the Fox River 
Bn.^NCH of the C. & N.-W. Ky, and can, via this 
route, reach Lake Geneva, as stated elsewhere. 
Crystal Lake has a population of 1,(H)0, and is built 
l'/2 miles from the lake of the same name, which was 
named from its purely clear waters. From this 
lake thousands of tons of ice are cut and yearly 
chipped to Chicago and more southern points. The 
village was laid out in 18.55, and has good schools, 
four churches, and several manufactories, amongst 
which arc pickling and canning establishments that 
alone occupy $4()0,(M)0 of capital, and 200 to 300 
men. Its hotels are The llyett House, and Ashton's. 

Kiil-^jofiehl, 46 miles from Chicago. This station 
is built on the edge of a large tract of timber, has 
501) inhabitants, a good school, one church, fine 
fisliingand shooting in its vicinity, and is surrounded 
by as fine farming land as is to be found in the 
State. • 

Woodstock, 51 miles from Chicago. This is the 
■county seat of McIIcnry county, which was organ- 
ized in laie, named after Col. Wm. McIIenry, of 
Bliickhawk War fame, has 2(),(XX) inhabitants, and is 
one of the richest, most jjroductive, and most 
vhickly settled counties in the .State. The land of 



nee, Mich, page 70. 

. St:lirotlky, of Ne^jauuee. 

The northern portion of the C. & N.-W. liy. was 
first projected by citizens of W^oodstock, who lent 
their aid in its building, and all through its earlier 
trials. ^ 

Kishvraukee, 56 miles from Chicfigo, a station 
without an agent. 

IIarvar<l, 62 miles from Chicago. This city is 
built on the brow of a hill, which descends to- 
wards the south, and is crowned (in the bacK 
ground) by a forest of hard woods. Its situation is 
l)icturcsque, and from its streets many charming 
views of the highly cultivated and beautiful sur- 
rounding country may be enjoyed. The Kenosha 
& RocKFORD Division of the Chicago & North- 
western Railway here crosses the line we are de- 
scribing, and here also the Chicago, Madison & 
St. Patl Line diverges toward the northwest. 
When reading about this last-named line, please 
remember that it follows the Wisconsin Division, or 
the (Jrcen Bay & Lake Superior Line, to this point, 
but is an independent and distinctly diflcrent line 
beyond this station. Flarvard is growing rapidly; 
60 residences were erected in the town in 1874, and 
over 100 in 1875. It contains over 3,000 people, 
three grain elevators, flour mills, wagon and sash, 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



59 



door and blind factories, good schools, a fine public 
hall ("Ayer's"), that cost $15,000, and will seat 600 
persons; four churches, two hotels — The Walker, 
with 20 rooms, and last, "but not least, the v/ell- 
known and admirably kept Ayer's Hotel, of which 
the proprietor, Judge Ayer, is known far and wide 
as eminently the hotel keeper of Northern Illinois. 
This house is a regular dining hall for this road, and 
on its tables, at all seasons of the year, are folind 
not only the substantials, but all the delicacies of 
the table; game and fish are always to be had, and 
it is no stretch of truth to say, that its tables always 
" groan " with the good things of this life. At this 
point the railroad company has a repair and ma- 
chine shop, with a brick round house for 18 engines. 



Two malthouses are in contant operation, and pro- 
duce over 100,C00 bushels of malt yearly. Ayer''s 
Corners, five miles north, is reached by stage daily 
for 50 cts. Ticin Lakes, a popular fishing resort, ia 
20 miles distant. A line of stages runs to the shores 
of Lake Geneva, from whence passengers are taken 
by steamer to the village of Geneva, at the foot of 
the lake. 

Lawrence, 65 miles from Chicago, is a village of 
200 souls, built on Piskasaw Creek— the Big Foot 
Prairie — which was the home of a celebrated Indian 
chief, called "Big Foot.'" Passing out of the State 
of Illinois, we find the southern line of Wisconsin 
close to the next station. 



Wisconsin. 



The " Badger State " is yearly becoming more 
widely and more favorably knowTi to the summer 
tourist, and to the seeker after rural pleasures. 
While comparatively a 
new State, it is yet old in 
many respects. As long 
ago as the middle of the 
17th century, it was visited 
by French missionaries 
and traders, who took 
home with them glowing 
accounts of the fertility of 
its soil; of the splendor of 
its scenerj'; of the fresh- 
ness of its odorous pine- 
clad hills; of its flashing, 
dazzling, rapid running 
streams, full of many 
kinds of fish; of its clear, 
deep, cold, pure and beau- 
tiful lakes, of which the 
State has many hundreds ; 
and of its delightful, 
balmy and invigorating 
summer climate. The 
stories of these advan- 
tages were not lost on the 
beauty-loving French, and 
soon colonies were formed 
for the settlement of this 
beautiful "Neekoospara," 
as they had learned to call 
from the Indians the coun- 
try we now name Wiscon- 
sin. It may rightly then 
be inferred t hat the French 
were the first whites to 
make homes along the 
bays, lakes and rivers of 
this well favored land. Prairie du Chien, La Crosse, 
Fond du Lac, Green Bay, Menoraonce, and many 
other now flourishing towns or cities, were founded 
by the French, and in m;.ny of them can yet be 
found the descendants of the early pioneers. 

Objects of Interest to Tourists. 

Scattered, if we may so speak, all over the State, 
can be found objects of interest to the lover of the 
picturesque, and not a few of interest to the anti- 
quary. Scattered over her undulating plains are 
found earthworks, modeled after the forms of men 



and animals, that are evidently the work of a race- 
different from those who possessed the country afc 
the period of the arrival of the French. At Aztalan^ 




ron Mine and Ore Train, near Negaunee, Mich.— page 70. 



in Jefferson county, is an ancient fortiflcatloiv 
1,700 feet long and 1)00 feet wide, with walls five to 
six feet high and more than 20 feet thick; this, with 
another near the Blue Mounds, near Madison, re- 
sembles a man in a recumbent position. Another, 
near Madison, in Dane county, resembles a turtle; 
one at the south end of "Th6 Devil's Lake," in 
Sauk county, closely resembles an eagle; and one 
near Cassville, in Grant county, on the Mississippi 
river, resembles the extinct mastodon. The Bine 
Mounds, in Dane county, rise to 2,000 feet above the 
surrounding country, and are prominent landmarks 



54 



The North and Wkst IixusiJiATKi). 



in that prairie country. 'J'his State shares with Min- 
nesiota the beuutiful Luke I'epiii, un expansion of 
the Mississippi river, mostly walled in by jjrecijii- 
tou3 sliores which rise in i)luccs to MO feet. Con- 
nected with almost every clilV or promontory along 
the shores of this beautiful lake, are legends of the 
Indians who formerly had homes here. Along the 
rivers of this State are found many beautiful falls, 
rivaling those of older Slates. In the St. Louis river 
are " The Dalles,'' which have adescent of SHO feet. 
The Dalles of the St. Croix are also >vell known. 
Quinnessec Falls., in Menomonoe river, have a per- 
pendicular pitch of over ')0 feet, and a general de- 
■ccnt of 150 feet in a mile and a lialf, besides many 
other rapids, where the river tosses and dashes 
through narrow and tortuous defile.s. Chii)])ewa 
Falls and J!ig Hull I-'alls might also be noted. 
Along the Wisconsin river are many grand and pic- 
turesque views; in Richland county the banks of 
the river rise to a height of 200 to 250 feet, and in 
auk county it passes through narrow gorges where 
die banks rise to 500 to (iOO feet elevation. Grand- 
father Bull Falls, the greatest rapids of the VViscou- 
mn river, are in north latitude 45, and are a scries of 



cascades breaking through a ridge 150 feet perpen- 
dicular height, for a distance of nearly two miles; 
on the same river, near latitude 44, is I'ctenwell 
I'eak, an oval mass of rock, 900 feet long by 300 
wide and 2U0 high, and from which ton'manding 
views can be obtained. About 70 feet of the upper 
portion of this rock is cut and split ii to fantastic 
shapes, many of the fragments resembling castles, 
towers and turrets. A few miles from this rock is 
Fortification Kock, which rises perpendicularly 
several hundred feet. At The Dalles this river is 
compressed for live or six miles between red sand- 
stone blufl's, averaging over 100 feet in height. 

The principal lakes are Lake Winnebago, in the 
southeastern portion of the State— this lake is about 
.30 miles long and 10 miles w idc, and communicates 
with Green Bay (an arm of Lake Michigan) through 
Fox or Neenah river — Iloricon Lake, Devil's Lake, 
Lake Koshkonong, Lake Geneva, Lake Zurich, and 
the four lakes around Madison; these are the larger 
lakes of this lake-studded State. Along all the 
rivers of the State, and at their " heads," hundredt 
of little lakes are found, like gems glittering in the 
sunshine. 




Ishpeming, Wllch.— Its Hotel— page 71. 



Sliaron, 71 miles from Chicago. The first station 
■we reach after crossing the State line is Sharon, a 
Tillage of 2,000 people, in Walworth county. A 
local history says: "Sharon village and township 
arc situated in the extreme southeast portion of the 
county, on the Chicago &, North-Wcstcrn Railway. 
The township contains two villages, Sharon and 
Allen's Grove, on the Western Union Railroad. The 
land is all valuable, there being no lakes or swamps. 
The business of Sharon village is in a thriving and 
healthful condition. The village has several 
churches and hotels, one newspaper, one academy, 
and one public school building. Its population in 
1870 was 1 ,S<)5. The first settler in this town was 
John Rect'.er. who came the latter part of 18.'?fi or 
first of '37. He made a claim and broke the first 
Cround. Soon after came Josiah Topping, and 



settled at Topping's Comers. Here he built the 
first frame house, and here was erected the first 
school house in the township. The village was 
named for Sharon, Schoharie county, N. Y. Al- 
len's Grove has an academy building." Our notes 
show that Sharon now has two good graded public 
schools, a flour mill, a public hall, three churches, 
two hotels— The Corliss and The Wolcott, and the 
largest cheese factory in the State. 

Walworth county is said to have been the first 
organized, in 183S, when the Territory of Wisconsin 
embraced the country now known as the States of 
Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and parts of Nebraska, 
and of the Territory of Dakota. In the county are 
21 lakes, amongst which arc Lakes Geneva, Crooked, 
Army, Potter's, Booth, Lulu, Coino. Turtle, White- 
water, Bass, Uolden's, Grove, Middle, Mill, Otter 



The Chicago & North-Wkstern" Railway. 



55 



and Pleasant, ranging from one-half mile wide and 
one mile long, to 3 or 4 miles wide to 10 or 12 miles 
long. All are stocked with flsh, and on several of 
them arc various pleasure boats, including yachtb 
and steamers, and on the shores of several are club 
iouscs and summer hotels. At Delavan, in this 
county, IS located the State Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
Jum, which is built on lands donated in 1857 by 
that well known philanthropist, F. K. Phoenix, of 
Bloomington, 111. This asylum has a school con- 
nected with it, in which 347 children have been 
taught. 

Clinton Junction, 78 miles from Chicago. We 
here cross the Western Union Railroad, which 
it will be remembered other branches of the C. & 
N.-W. Ry. have been shown to cross at Freeport 
and at Fulton. At this point we get connections 
for Darien, Delavan, Elkhorn, Springjield, and 
BurUnglon eastwardly, and for Rockton, Burand, 
Davis, etc., westwardly. The village is in Rock 
county, has 1,500 inhabitants, good schools, flour 
mills, three churches, the largest carriage factoi-y 
in the State, (owned by F. P. Wallis & Co.), and 
several manufactories. Its hotels are The Taylor 
House, by Lots Taylor, and The Snyder, by J. Sny- 
der. The surrounding country is mostly prairie, and 
furnishes fine chicken shooting in the fall. 

Shopiere, 82 miles from Chicago. The village, 
with its 500 population, is on Turtle creek, li miles 
from the station. It has one flour mill and two 
chnrches. 

Janesville, 91 miles from Chicago. This is the 
county seat of Rock county, which was organized 
in 1839, and now has over 30,000 population. Few 
■counties in any State can show as beautiful and as 
diversified scenery, or as highly cultivated farms, as 
Rock county. Its earlier settlers, who were mostly 
from the State of Maine, brought with them the 
habits and industry of that far eastern State, and 
the county is to-day enjoying the fruits of those in- 
dustrious, intelligent pioneers. Janesville is noted 
for the beauty of its location, for its wide, clean 
streets, for its many thriving manufactories, for its 
fine business houses and residences, and for the 
thrift and " drive " of its enterprising people. It 
is often called the Chicago of Wisconsin. It is 
built on high ground, on both sides of Rock river, 
which furnishes the power for its many factories. 
Around the city are many groves of fine timber, 
and in its streets are many shade trees. These two 
facts have given it the name of " The Bower City." 
Its court house, built in 1871, is the finest in the 
State, and is built of cut stone and cream-colored 
•brick. It cost $100,000. It has six fine school 
houses, costing from $10,000 up ; its high school cost 
f50,000. It has 12 churches, that cost, each, from 
$40 000 (o $.50,000. The Wisconsin Institute for the 
Blind is located here. It has several banks and 
several live newspapers. Of its manufactories, 
the Harris Manufacturing Company, with a capital 
of $1.52,000, and $33,000 surplus, employs 200 men 
in buildings that covertwo (city) blocks of ground ; 
one furniture factory employs 40 men. and another 
20 men. The McLean Manufacturing Co. make 
a specialty of ladies' water-proof cloth and shawls. 
The Doty Manufacturing Co. employs $150,000 
capital, and besides manufacturing agricultural im- 
plements, it makes punching and shearing machines, 



washing machines, step ladders, warehouse tracks, 

etc. A cotton mill, with 200 looms, and employing 
130 hands, is in constant operation; one shoe factory, 
employs 50 men ; a boot factory, 30 men ; a cotton 
batting factory, 20 ; a pickle factory, 20 ; and a 
planing mil., 20 hands. The population of the city 
is over 12,000, it liaving increased over 1,000 m the 
year 1875. Johnston, Johnston Centre, and Em- 
erald Grove, are villages tributary to Janesville, 
and off the line of any railv ay. At this point we 
cross a branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul R'y, 
of which we sliall have more to speak when we 
reach Hanover, on our St. Paul line. 

Milton Junction, 99 miles from Chicago. We 
'here cross the Prairie du Chien line, which gives 
you rail connections with WMteuater, Palmyra, 
Eagle, Waukesha, and Brookfield eastward, and 
Edgerton and r' .ughton, etc., westward. Going to 
either of these points, you shcu.d buy your tickets to 
Milton Junction. The vilLj; is 'he seat of Milton 
College, one mile from the station, and is one of 
the most thriving educational institutions of the 
State. Tho village has 400 inhabitants, is 5 miles 
from Lake Koshkonong (" The lake we live in "), 
which is noted for its fine fishing. Along its shores 
are many Indian mounds. The Morgan House 
is at the depot. Who has not heard of this cele- 
brated hotel and its mor) celebrated landlord? 

Koshkonong, 104 miles from Chicago. The 
lake of the same name is one mile distant, aid is 
6 miles wide and 9 miles long. Its fush are black 
bass, pickerel, pike, yellow and silver perch, etc. 
Geese, ducks, brantand swans are unusually plenti- 
ful in its waters. Of ducks, we have canvas backs, 
red heads, mallards, wora, black heads and spike 
tails. Wild celery grows here in great abundance, 
and for canvas-back ducks this lake vies with the 
Delaware and Potomac rivers, and with Chesapeake 
bay. On the banks of the lake, Koshkonong 
House is built, and will accommodate 100 guests; 
The Bingham 30, and Koshkonong Club House 
70. Another hotel, that will accommodate 
200, is being erected. Tobacco is a staple crop in 
this part of Rock county. 

Fort Atkinson, 111 miles from Chicago. The 
city was named after General Atkinson, who, dur- 
ing the Black Hawk war, built a fort and stockade 
here. It is in Jeffer^on county, which was organ- 
ized in 18.36 and has over 35,000 inhabitants. Fort 
Atkinson has 3,000 inhabitants, and is built on both 
sides of Rock river. Rock Lake, Lake Mitts, Rip- 
ley, Cambridge and Rose lakes are near, and are all 
noted for their excellent shooting grounds, canvas 
back ducks being abundant in all of them. Con- 
siderable manufacturing is done in the city. The 
North Western Furniture Company uses $150,000 
capital, and employs 200 hands; a wagon factory era- 
ploys 40 men ; a foundry, 30 men ; the flexible harrow 
factory, 40 men ; and a cheese factory, 20 men. 
The city has four schools and employs ten teachers. 
Five churches supply room for its worshipers. 
The Grand Mountain House, by J. H. Davis, 
gives homes for .50 guests, at $2.00 per day. There 
are several mineral springs near the city, two of 
which are especially celebrated for the cures per- 
formed by their waters. Whitewatei-, 9 miles, and 
Cambridge, 12 miles distant, are reached by daily 
stage, the first for 50 cents, and the last for 75 



56 



TiiK NoKTii AND West Illustrated. 



cents. Hebron is 9 miles off, and is reached three 
times weekly by ptage for 50 cents. 

Jem'rson.nriiiilesfromCUicago, thccountyseat 
of Jefferson Co. ,is located in t he centre of the county, 
and at the confluence of Hock and Crawfish rivers, 
with ample water |)o\ver on the lirst named stream. 
The city has 3,000 inhabitants, two fine graded 
schools, fine county buildings, Bruenig's Hall, fitted 
up as a theatre, and capable of seating GOO persons ; 
three banks, one newspaper, an excellent fire depart- 
ment, numbers of churches, one flour mill, one rope 
walk, a pork-packing establishment, si.\ hotels, with 
another nearly completed, a flue city hall, and 
many first-class business blocks, built of cream- 
colored (Milwaukee) brick. It has several flourish- 
ing nianufactt)ries, amongst which we note The 
Wisconsin Manufacturing Company, furniture, 
using $80,000 capital, and employing 80 hands; the 
Jefferson Woolen Mill Co.,- employing 30 hands, 
and uuiking 6,000 yards of cloth, besides selling 
75,000 lbs. wool monthly ; and Copeland, Ryder & 
Co.'s boot and shoe factory. Commencing in 1868 
with |;G,('00 capital, they now use $20,000 capital, and 
^employ ^5 men; they sell annually J50,000 worth of 
boots and shoes, and proudly boast that they have 
never been obliged to stop work for want of a mar- 
ket or from "hard times" since the day they 
started. About $250,000 capital and over 300 men 
are employed in th ■ various manufacturing estab- 
lishments of tills ity. The Jeflersou Liberal In- 
stitute, a high grade, non-sectarian educational 
establishment, is located here, as is a large Roman 
Catholic school, both of which are in a flourishing 
condition, and are largely patronized by tbe citi- 
zens of the vicinity and of the surrounding county. 

Joliiison's Creek. 122mile8 from Chicago, has 
a population of 2.50, and is 1 mile from Rock river. 
It has a good school, two churches and one hotel. 
At Aztalan, 4 miles west, arc many curious Indian 
mounds and ancient fortifications— one, 1700 by 900 
feet, quite closely resembling a prone mun. 

Watertown, 130 miles from Chicago, is a thriv- 
ing city of some 10,000 people, and is built on Rock 
river, whose waters arc utilized by three dams 
across the stream. Over one hundred liouses were 
built in the city in 1875, showing its rapid growth. 
It has many manufactories. It is the seat of two 
colleges— the German Lutheran Church controlling 
one, the other, "The College of the Lady of the 
Sacred Ileart," being a branch of the University 
(Roman Catholic) of Notre Uame, Indiana. Two 
large public halls, "Turners" and "The Music," 
will seal 1,.500 people. Twenty churches and three 
graded schools provide for the worship and tuition 
of citizens and children Five large hotels accom- 
modate the transient guests with first-class fare at 
reasonable rates. Five flour mills here make 1,000 
barrels of flour daily, and furnish a market for much 
of the wheat that is so successfully gr,)\vn in tlie 
surrounding county. Lake Mills, 10 miles south, 
and Oconoinowoc, 12 miles east, are summer resorts, 
and are reached from this station over finely- 
graded roads. 

A branch of the Milwaukee & St. Paul road is 
crossed here, and gives rail connections eastward 
for Oconornowoc, 13 miles, and Penaukee, 25 miles, 
and westward for Waterloo, Marshall, Sun Prairie, 
Lowell, Columbus, etc. 



Clyman, 138 miles from Chicago. Has a popu- 
lation of 1,400 ; is in Do^ge county, and is a grow- 
ing town, surrounded by a fertile and thickly set- 
tled county. Husttjord, 8 miles distant, is tribu- 
tary. 

Juneau, 145 miles from Chicago. The county 
seat of Juneau county, which was named after 
Solomon Juneau, nn early settler of Dodge county , 
and has 48.000 population. The village has 50O 
inhabitants, ie built on elevated gmund inree 
miles west of Rock river; has one grain elevator, 
a cheese factory, a fine public scliool, four 
churches, a county court house and two notels. 
Fox, Bear, Lost and Mud lakes are contiguous to 
the village. The Wisconsin State Prison is in the 
northern part of the county, at Waupun Marys- 
ville, 12 miles northeast, Hustiford,BmU(iii. Neosho, 
11 miles, Danville, 14 miles, and Eichwood, are 
tributary towns off the lines of railroad. Large 
bodies of iron ore are mined and smelted at 
Iron Mountain, 10 miles northeast. The Wis- 
consin and The Northwestern Iron Companies 
work the vein, and the last named smelt 12 to 11 
tons of iron daily. Winter's mineral paint i» 
also made here. 

Minnesota Junction, 148 miles from Chicago 
This small village, 200 people, is an impor tani rail- 
way junction, and gives us rail connections for 
Beaver Dam, Fox Lake, Portage. City, Wanpun. 
Brandon, Berlin, Omro, and Winneconne ; i)as- 
sengers destined for these points should buy their 
tickets to Minnesota Junction, or to Burnett Junc- 
tion (which see). At the depot at Minnesota Junc- 
tion is found a good hotel, kept by Thomas Young, 
who accommodates guests at very reasonable rates, 
and furnishes excellent meals. 

Burnett Junction, 152 miles from Chicago 
This village of 200 people, is another important 
railway crossing point, and furnishes rail connec- 
tions to a large country northward. It has two 
good hotels, an odd-fellows' hall and a good tem- 
plars' hall. Fine shooting grounds are close to the 
village. Ducks, geese, swans and brant are found 
in countless numbers. 

Chester, 160 miles from Chicago. A village 
with 100 inhabitants. It has one hotel, with a 
mineral spring in connection, good school, and 
much excellent shooting on the lloricon marshes, 
which are close by. Kekaska. Maijsritle, Byron 
and Waupun (the latter with a population of 3,000, 
and reached by daily stage, ) are tributary, and seek 
theC. &N. W. R'y here. 

Oak Centre, 105 miles from Chicago, is a vil- 
lage of 200 souls, in the midst of a fine farming 
country. 

Oaklield, 168 miles from Chicago, has 400 
inhabitants, one hotel, one school, two churches, 
three flour mills, and only one saloon-its people, 
being strictly temperate, discourage the use of 
spirituous liquors or tlieir sale. Darling's Gap, a 
popular local summer resort, is U miles from the 
station. MayvUte, 14 miles southeast, is reached 
weekly (Wednesdiiys) by stage. 

Fond du Lac, V,^ miles from Chicago via this 
route, but only 14S miles from Chicago by our Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee & Fond du Lac Air Line route, of 
which we shall speak hereafter. This city, witha 
population of 18,000 souls, is located at tUe south- 



The Chicago & North-Wbsteen Railway. 



57 



«m end of Lake Winnebago. The growth and pros- 
perity of the city is largely dependent on its manu- 
factures, of which it contains many of considerable 
importance. The city is built upon a prairie on the 
banks of the Upper Fox river, aud withm one mile 
of the lake. The river is deep, and navigable up to 
its forks, but to meet the necessities of manufac- 
turers it has been bridged at various points, and 
navigation confined to the north channel. The 
scenery that surrounds the city is worthy of men- 
tion,— a ledge of limestone rock, elevated some 200 
feet above the level of the prairie, and in many cases 
presenting perpendicular precipices 75 to 100 feet 
high, borders the eastern and southern margins of 
the prairie on which the city is built ; from the base 
of this ledge hundreds of springs of cool, rippling 
•water gush out, and meander over the gentle slopes 
of the prairie in narrow channels 
to the lake. Westward from the 
■city the ground gradually rises, 
alternating with prairie and tim- 
ber for some 25 miles. The sur- 
rounding country is fertile and 
thickly settled. The health ^i 
the city is and always has biMn 
good, probably in a great meas- 
ure consequent upon the water 
eupply, there being within the 
city limits overSOO artesian wi 11 
out of W'hich the purest watti 
constantly flows from the depth 
of 60 to 400 feet. Amongst itb 
manufactures may be mentioned 
that of the celebrated La Belle 
Wagon, which employs 1.50 meT 
the sash, door and blind factoiv 
of C. J. L. Meyer, (which is the 
largest in the United States, ) in 
which are used over 14,000.000 
feet of lumber, and from which 
are shipped products exceeding 
$1,000,000 annually; a large 
steam bakery, a paper mill, <in 
agricultural implement manu 
factory, employing 150 men, and 
several minor manufactories 
Its public schools occupy 1( 
buildings, which cost $120,000. 
and are capable of seating 3,000 
scholars, its high school build- 
ing cost, in 18T3, $45,000. It has 20 church edifices, 
many of which cost from $10,000 to $30,C0O each, 
Its post office is one of the finest and most substan 
tial buildings of the kind in the Union. In its ma- 
sonic hall, four lodges, chapters and commandcries 
hold their meetings; and its odd fellows have a com- 
modious hall, in which two lodges and an encamp- 
ment conduct their work. The Patty House— its 
best hotel— cost upwards of $90,000, is four stories 
high, and can accommodate 250 guests. The Ameri- 
can House cost $30,000, is first class in every respect, 
and can accommodate 100 guests. 

Several yacht clubs navigate Lake Winnebago in 
elegant rakish craft, for prices in sportive contests. 
Steamboats, with pleasure parties, often make ex- 
cnrsions around the lake, which is 35 miles long 
by 12 broad- the largest lake vnthin any State of the 
Cnion— whose borders furnish beautiful landscape 



views, and the most gorgeous scenery. Besides, 
Fond du Lac is surrounded with pleasant places of 
resort. Lake de Neveu, a beautiful sheet of water, 
is romantically situated about three miles south- 
east of the city. Eastward is Elkhart Lake, already 
famous for its natural beauties, and westward lies 
Green Lake, a noted summer resort. On all these 
lakes are pleasure boats propelled by stejim, wind 
and man power. The waters of all these lakes fur- 
nish a plentiful and various supply of fresh-water 
fish, where piscatorially-inclined ladies and gentle- 
men can enjoy ample amusement in that line. 

Fond du Lac county is situated in the eastern 
part of the State, 23 miles west of Lake Michigan. 
Its central line of latitude is 43° 45' north. It con- 
tains twenty-one organized towns, the two cities of 
Fond du Lac and Ripon, and sixteen flourishing 




The Point," at Duluth, Minn. -pp. 76, 91. 

villages, and embraces a territorial area of about 
720 square miles. Its population in 1875 was 50,241. 
This county is one of the most beautiful and fertile 
tracts of land to be found in the ^^■est. Its easteni 
part is rolling land, originally heavily timbered; the 
central and western portions undulating and rolling 
prairie and openings, the face of which is most 
beautifully picturesque. It is well watered, abound- 
ing in numerous streams and springs, and, in many 
localities, flowing fountains. Lake Horicon indents 
its southern border, and Lake Winnebago its 
northern. The county presents one continuous 
expanseof well-cultivated farms, with commodious 
and tasty faiTa houses, many of them very ele- 
gant buildings ; spacious barns and good fences, 
which give every evidence of the wealth, thrift and 
prosperity of the inhabitants. It forms a beautiful 
scene, with its handsome buildings and their rural 



68 



The North and West Illustrated. 



surroundings of grove and plain, and cultivated 
elopee and winding streams, blending into one pic- 
ture, and stretching away iis far as the eye can see. 
At Fond du Lac we cross tlie Sheboygan & Fond 
DU Lac Railroad, that runs from Sheboygan, on 
Lake Michigan, wcstwurdly 78 miles to Princeton. 
This crossing being nearly at the middle of the 
line, will allow us to say a few words about the 
westeriT end of the road, and to leave the eastern 
end until we reach it from Milwaukee. Then, going 
west from Fond du Lac, we change cars at a joint 
depot station, known as Fond du Lac Junction, and 
4 miles out reach Lamar/ine, with 1,600 people; 
Eldorado !» miles, with 2,000 people , Rosendale 



Green lAke is the next station, and is 6 miles 
west of Ripon, and one mile from the post office — 
Dartford — which is half a mile from the ever-beau- 
tiful and ever-attractive Green Lake, so well 
known as a summer idling place. The natural scen- 
ery around Dartford is unrivaled- in variety and 
beauty. Groves of primeval grandeur, far stretch- 
ing prairies and extensive lake views greet the eye 
from every point. The grounds around the lake 
have been tcrra''ed, furnished with swings, prome- 
nades, and otherwise ornamented, to render them 
pleasant and attractive. The lake averages a length 
of 15 miles, and a width of 3 miles. Its banks vary 
from beautiful gras.^jy slopes to high rocky cliffs, 




The Northwestern Hotel, Marquette, Mich., on C. & N.-W.Ry.— page 72. 



and West Rosendale, pretty little stations, and, 2:) 
miles from Fond du Lac, reach Rii-on, a beautiful 
little city of 3,^)00 inhabitants, with a historj' run- 
ning back to 1844, when Warren Chase and his 
brother Fourierites. under the name of the Wiscon- 
sin Phalanx, settled close by, and called their village 
Ceresco. In 1850 they disbanded, and the Ripon of 
to-day began its existence. The city is in Fond du 
Lac county, which was organized in 1839, and now 
contains over 50,000 inhabitants. Most of the land 
is settled, and in a highly cultivated and productive 
condition. Besides two fine ward schools, with ten 
teachers, Ripon College, with fourteen professors, 
has its home here, and is in a flourishing condition. 
Eight churches, five temperance organizations, a 
masonic lodge, two odd fellows' lodges, and a lodge 
of Knights of Pythias, furnish religious, moral and 
benevolent food for the inhabitants. Ripon has an 
efficient fire department, a flourishing literary and 
library association, several newspapers, banks, 
manufacturing establishments and good hotels. It 
is a plcas.int resort for the summer guest, and he 
who comes once wants to come again. 



bordered with evcrgrcenSj presenting the greatest 
diversity of physical character, and affording un- 
limited natural advantages for pleasing ajid romantic 
rambles. Its waters are very pure, and so transpar- 
ent that their pebbly bed may be seen at a depth of 
from 20 to 35 feet. A great variety and abundance 
of the finny tribe inhabit this beautiful sheet of 
water, and good fishing-boats and tackle for lovers 
of sport, and excellent sail-boats for seekers of 
pleasure, are furnished for the accommodation of 
visitors. The principal hotels are The Oakwood 
and The Sherwood Forest. 

The Garwood is situated on the banks of Green 
Lake. The location of this much sought summer 
resort and delightful watering place is only one 
mile from Green I^ake station and depot. Omnibus 
and carriages await the arrival of all trains. 

The Oakwood House was opened June 15th, 1867, 
and is furnished in the style of a first-class house. 
The tables are unsurpassed by those of the best 
hotels in the United States. 

Accommodations for all innocent and pleasant 
amusements have been amply provided. Great 



The Chicago & NoRxn-WESXERiir Railway. 



59 



;are has been given to furnishing pastimes both 
'or the parlor and lawn, for persons of all ages, 
io that the most indifferent cannot complain of 
mnui. 

In addition to former attractions, a new and 
jcautilul steamboat has been placed on Green Lake. 
Parties can visit any of the attractive places on its 
shores on short notice, with pleasure and comfort. 
Ponies, perfectly at home under the saddle, and 
,n harness, expressly for ladies and children ; 
lor'scs, carriages and light buggies; beautiful shady 
Troves ; health, comfort and happiness — and aU at 
reasonable rates. 

To one of the most healthy locations upon the 
jontinent, shut away from the city where contagion 
?preads its blight and disease spends its fury, indi- 
nduals and families ma)' resort 
ind spend a summer with invig- 
orating and pleasurable results. 
One journal says: "If our peo- 
ple had known of there being a 
place of this kind with such a 
beautiful lake, such flue fishing 
and duck shooting, rowing and 
sailing, shady groves, walks and 
drives, you would have been 
ftlled up from our city alone." 

Another says: "The most beau- 
tiful sheet of cold spring water 
in the world, a perpetual cool 
breeze, fine fishing, good shoot- 
ing, shady groves and free from 
mosquitoes; in fact, we pro- 
nounce it the most healthy spot 
in all America." 

Another: "This is a most 
charming spot, and we who have 
spent the summer here are loth 
to leave it. If we could only take 
this beautiful lake with us, and 
have it where the eye could for- 
ever rest upon it, how charming _ ^^ _ ,— .^r, ~ ,- - 
it would be. The Green Lake "=^ ~ "" '^_lA CyE 
fish are noted for being particu- 
larly delicious, and the fishers 
are busy filling orders for St. 
Louis and other cities; and it is 
so cool here, the thermometer 
has not once been above 90 de- 
grees, and the air is bracing and pure." 

Another calls it the Lake George of Wisconsin. 
" A modest world of land and water beauties— too 
little cultivated by hunters after charming scenery 
and healthful air. It is a fairy land of wonderful 
fascinations; and the weary of body and mind, or 
the despondent and languid invalid, and no less the 
strong and healthful, will find both body and mind 
invigorated, and the soul elevated, by a sojourn 
among the picturesque beauties of that lovely 
lake." 

Green Lake, always locally regarded as " a thing 
of beauty " and " a joy forever," was unknown to 
tourists till eight years ago, when David Grecnway, 
Esq., making a horoscope of its dark green waters, 
saw multitudes of pleasure seekers on its beautiful 
shores, and immediately made provision for the 
vanguard of his fancied host by erecting The 
Oakwood, since which time, year by year, Green 



Lake has grown famous, till now, there is no end 
of the pretty things said of it. ♦ 

Sherwood Forest, J. C. Sherwood, proprietor. 
This charming hotel, which was opened on the 15th 
of May, 1875, is embowered in and environed by a 
hundred acres of grand old oaks, lying with gentle 
grade along the north shore of Green Lake. It is with- 
in two miles of Green Lake station, on the Sheboy- 
gan & Fond du Lac Railroad. Omnibuses and car- 
riages are always awaiting arrival of trains. The 
hotel is a large, inviting structure, with broad veran- 
das, large, airy rooms and halls, and supplied with 
all the appointments of first-class summer resorts. 
It was commenced in the spring of 1874, partially 
completed, and partially opened for a few weeks Isat 
season. This, however, i- its first bou' to the public. 




CItche-Cumme, near Marquette, Mich.— page 72. 

A billiard house and bowling alleys, together 
with the popular lawn games, are provided. 

The whole forest is woodland lawn, gently slop- 
ing to the pebbly shore, and while the proprietor 
has opened some special avenues, nature has fur- 
nished uninterrupted drives and promenades every- 
where. The scenery partakes of the beautiful, 
picturesque and almost romantic, rather than the 
grand and sublime. Nature here speaks in dulcet 
whisperings, where one might almost e.xpect to 
greet nymphs and mermaids, satyrs and fauns. 
Here and there rustic seats and swings, pendant 
from the high, far-reaching branches, invite rest. 
The outlook from the grounds, as well as the piazza, 
is truly magnificent— a perfect kaleidoscope, taking 
in extensive prairies, woodlands and cultivated 
fields, as well as the entire lake, with its indenta- 
tions and exquisite settings of bluffs and ever- 
greens, grassy slopes and perpendicular ledges. 



60 



The NpRTii and West Illustrated. 



Of this place a writer says: "Sherwood's Point, 
on the west side of the lake, is widely known. It 
has probably been the scene of more picnics and 
celebrations than any similar area in the State. 
During the seafon of open air pleasures, there is 
a constant succession of carriages from Berlin, 
Ripon, Fond du Lac, and adjoining towns, and it 
is no unusual thing to lind a dozen different coteries 
distributed about the grounds. Late last season, 
Mr. J. C. Sherwood opened a large and well- 
appointed hotel, as a nucleus of the delightful re- 
sort known as Sherwood Forest. The view from 
the verandas comprises a complete circuit of the 
lake and broken shores, while the immediate sur- 
roundings are especially pleasant. The drives are 
tastefully laid out, care being taken, in uprooting 
and trimming, not to detract from the rust^ charm 
of the primitive woods. The generous patron- 
age received by the Sherwood Forest, (in its then 
scarcely prepared state), as a debutante, is an assur- 
ance of its future. It requires no prophetic keen- 
ness of vision to see that Green Lake, with its 
attractive nooks, pure air and healthful climate, is 
developing into a resort no whit less recherche 
than that other popular inland watering piace— 
Saratoga. In recognition of the beauties, some of 
its visitors have expressed themselves in a very 
substantial manner, by erecting pretty villas and nice 
summcrcottages." The various otlierthin^^ombin- 
ing to make the complement of i^uch a resort will be 
found at the Forest, such as horses and carriages, 
bouts and boatmen, bnths, cold and hot; also, the 
kindly herd coming from the clover fields, to yield 
their sweet, rich milk to the Forest tables. 

On the north side of the lake can also be found 
The Walker House. Whitmore Brothers will this 
summer finish and open another hotel, that will ac- 
commodate 100 guests. Collins has a fine farm 

house on the south side of the lake, and will accom- 
modate summer boarders with tiie choicest "farm 
house " board. W. M. Lockwood has a steamer on 
the lake that will carry 100 persons. 

" Green lake is three miles wide and fifteen miles 
long, and has less of civilization and more of weird 
natural grandeur than any of the Wisconsin lakes 
I have yet seen. It is never as mirror-like and 
tranquil as the transparent waters of Lake Geneva, 
but it is full of resonant airs, and deep, sobbing 
monotones, and harmonious sea-like music. Its 
borders are fringed with grand forest trees; not the 
transparent, slender, curled darlings of art, but the 
stutely, indigenous growth of Indian soil. Huge 
boulders of rock lie in rows along its edge, as if, at 
some remote time, a race of giant children had 
played there, and set them out in even rows. The 
waters are full of fish-perch and pickerel and 
black bass. The season for summer visits lasts till 
November, and even then tourists go reluctantly 
away, lingering till they light out-door fires to keep 
warm while they pay tlieir devotions to Nature. 
The woods, in October, are marvelously beautiful, 
after the frost has touched the trees, and each one 
hangs out its lovely, gay-colored banners of death. 
The air has at all times a health-giving inspiration, 
that goes down deep into tlui lungs, and dilTuses 
new life into the tired, languid system, and you g > 
home to the hotel with an appetite that fills the 
heart of the caterer with delight. ' 



This is a favorite resort of the St Louisiana; so 
much BO, that several wealthy citizens of that city 
have erected permanent homes on the shores of th« 
lake, and now spend the summer months here. 

The Only Route to Green Lake. 

The only route by which you should attempt to 
reach Green Lake is via the Chicago & North- 
western Railway. Take t '..e train from the corner 
of West Kinzie and (Janal streets, via the Wisconsin 
Division, and go to Fond du Lac; at that point you 
leave this road, aiid take the Sheboygan «fc Fond 
du Lac Railroad for Green Lake Station. Or, you 
can leave from the above-named depyt, and go \\& 
the Milwaukee Division, to Milwaukee, then change 
cars, and take the train that runs over the Milwau- 
kee & Fond du Lac Air Line, for Fond du Lac and 
Green Lake. The train leaving Milwaukee by this 
last-named route will have through cars for Green 
Lake, so that, by either route, you will have to 
make but one change of cars. All the trains of 
the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad connect 
both ways at Fond du Lac with all the trains of the 
Chicago & North-Western Railway. Green Lake 
is 26 miles west of Fond du Lac, and, via Milwaukee, 
is 174 miles northwest of Chicago, or S"J miles north- 
west of Milwaukee. If j'ou cannot buy your tickets 
through to Green Lake, buy to Fond du Lac, and 
your fare will cost you no more than if you bought 
through. Green Lake is 6 miles west of Ripon, 
which is also a station on the Sheboygan & Fond 
du Lac Railroad. You should not be deceived into 
buying your tickets for Green Lake by longer, infe- 
rior, and more circuitous routes than the one named 
above. This is the only direct route, and the only 
one tourists should take. 

"M. L. R.," in a letter to the Chicago Tribune, 
says : 

" Here, in the heart of Wisconsin, secluded from 
the world of commerce and traflic, lies one of 
nature's most favored retreats. You hardly are 
aware of its existence, before you see the pale- 
green verdure of its hills, tlie deep, cool, delicious 
emerald of its forests primeval, and the rose-opal 
tint of its crystal waten^ Of course you do not 
drop upon it from the skies, at least I did not, but 
arrived in the ordinary way, by the mechanical 
apparatus of tlie railroad. I started, fair and 
square, from the North-Westem depot, in Chicago, 
and went by the way of Watertown and Janesville, 
to Fond du Lac. There I changed cars, taking the 
Sheboygan & Fond du Lac line to Green Lake. 
You can take your choice of leaving Chicago on the 
9. -30 A.M. train by Janesville and Fond du Lac, arriv- 
ing here about 8.00 r. m., or go on the 10.00 train to 
Milwaukee, and have two hours to rest and refresh, 
making the same time here. 

"Having reached the depot at Green Lake, we 
alighted, tired and hungry. A long-bodit^d, thin- 
legged, black coach waited to carry us to the hotel. 
Into it we filed, and rode up hill and down, stopping 
only long enough to shy a leathern mail btig at an 
individual 8upi)oscd to represent the postmaster, 
who stood in front t)f an unoflicial-looking building, 
labeled Post Ollice. This was in the town of Dart- 
ford, the county seat, and quite a pretty village. 
We passed through it, and rode on through a line 
of dark woods, by a pleasant country road, till a 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



61 



mile of distance was between us and the depot, 
when the omnibus drew up with a flourish at the 
Oakwood House. 

" It was not till I had breakfasted next morning, 
and stood, hat in hand, on the piazza of the Oak- 
wood, that I realized what a lovely dimple in the 
bosom of Nature I had fallen into. On every hand 
rose grassy slopes or cliffs, of unmistakable grand- 
eur. Wooded acres made a dark, rich background, 
against which were placed the beautiful villas of 
art and civilization; while far, far in the distance 




City of Marquette, Mich.— page 73 

Reached only via C. & X.-W. Ry. 

gleamed, with the opaline light, the waters of Green 
Lake, that nestled at our feet. At every glance 
some new feature of beauty was added ; a white- 
winged ship; a tent, white and fair, amid the green 
foliage of the banks; the blue, curling smoke of 
an Indian encampment, just across the narrowest 
turn of the lake; and, directly near, the handsome 
grounds of Oakwood House, ornamented with 
Bwings and rustic seats, and summer houses, and 
croquet lawns, with a spice of evergreens in the air, 
and a buoyancy of atmosphere that made one glad 
of life, and health, and Heaven." 

If thou art worn and hard befet 

With sorrows that thou would'st forget; 

If thou wouUr,>it road a lesson that will keep 

Thy heart from fainting, aud thy soul from 

sleep — 
Go to tlie woods and hills ! No tears 
Dim the sweet look that Nature wears. 



Leaving this charming locality, we push west- 
ward and pass St. Marie, a pretty village of 800 
people, and 35 miles west of Fond du Lac, arrive at 
the end of the road, and at Princeton, a smart, 
busy, bustling city of 2,000 people. Having made 
this never-to-be-forgotten trip, with its more than 
pleasant sojourn at Green Lake, we can again seek 
Fond du Lac and hie us northward to 

Vandyne, 185 miles from Chicago, a village of 
100 souls, 2 miles from Lake Winnebago, having 
one school and one church. 

Oshkosh, 194 miles from 
Chicago. Population, 17,000. 
In 1673, Marquette started 
from Green Bay, and passing 
up the Lower Fox, came upon 
the lovely inland sea of Lake 
Winnebago, and was enrap- 
tured with the beautiful 
vision of nature that here 
spread before him, comming- 
ling woodland, opening and 
lake, glimmering like a gem 
in its emerald setting, and 
stretching away in the dim 
distance among the hazy 
points and headlands. 

The present site of Osh- 
kosh was the favorite stop- 
ping place of the early ex- 
plorers, who were attracted 
by the great beauty and 
commercial advantages of the 
situation, and the delightful 
and fertile country adjoining, 
now known as Winnebago 
county. 

The first settlers came as 

traders, and fixed a trading 

post there in 1818, near the 

head of Lake Buttes dee 

Morts, where the Indian trail 

between Forts Winnebago 

and Howard crossed Wolf 

river. This was immediately 

before the Indians were forced 

to leave their ancient hunting 

grounds— a distinct period — 

a line between barbarism and 

civilization ; an era of that 

wild, romantic mingling of the elements of barbaric 

and civilized life— the French and the Indian ; of 

daring adventure and patient endurance. Here 

was the paradise of Indian life, his choicest hunting 

grounds, its waters teeming with fish, and its woods, 

pastures and rich prairies filled with game. 

Here was fought one of the most bloody battles 
that ever took place, between the French, under 
the command of De Lovigny, and the warlike 
nations of the Sacs and Foxes. The Indians were 
fortified by ditches and palisades, which the French 
leader carried by assault. Hundreds of the Indians 
were slain in the contest, and were buried on the 
spot. The Tnrauli or Mounds, indicating their 
burial place, gave to the spot the name of " Buttes 
dcs Morts". (Hills of the Dead), and which also 
originated the name of Lake Buttes des Morts, on 
the northwestern boundaries of this city. 



62 



The North and Wkst Illustrated. 



Many were the wild Bceuea of frontier life that 
transpired here during the early occupancy of the 
French tradi-rs ; incidents that would make a vol- 
ume in themselves, and which are interwoven in- 
Beparubly with its hi.-tory. 

During the year 183(), a treaty was made at Cedar 
Rapids with the Menonionce Indians, by Governor 
Dodge, acting as commissioner, which resulted in 
the cession to the United States of over 4,000,000 
acres of land, lying north of Fox river and west of 
Lake Winnebago. 

The city was incorporated in 1853. At this time 
the population was about 2,500. 

The great event for Oshkosh was the extension 
of the Chicago & North-Western Railway to this 
place, giving it connection by rail with the outside 




Beaumont House, Green Bay— page 66 



world. The first train arrived on the 13th of 
October, 18:9. 

The city of Oshkosh is situated on one of the finest 
commercial sites in the Northwest, at the mouth of 
the I pper Fox river, on the western shore of Lake 
Winnebago. It is a situation of great natural 
beauty, overlooking the picturesque lake and river 
scenery of the vicinity. Lake Winnebago and the 
Fox and Wisconsin rivers formed the great com- 
mercial highway of the Northwest before the age 
of railroads, and many a glowing description was 
then written of the beautiful lake and river country 
now called Winnebago county— of its lovely prai- 
ries, openings and woodlands, its magnificent lakes 
and broad rivers, its fertile soil and salubrious cli- 
mate. The site of Oshkosh is a tract with an ele- 
vation from 12 to 20 feet above the level of the 
lake. The city extends for a distance of nearly 
three miles from the shore of Lake Winnebago up 
the Fox river to Lake Buttes des Morts, occupying 
the tract between the two lakes, and covering a ter- 
ritorial area of nearly eight square miles. 

Among the popular amusements are steamboat 
pleasure excursions to the various points on the 
lake, yachting and regattas, and drives through the 
beautiful surrounding country. 

SuKUouNDiNG CouNTKY.— The adjac(?nt country, 
nnd that stretching awuy from here to the south- 



west for hundreds of miles, is the richest agricul- 
tural district to be found in the habitable world- 
Its surface is undulating prairie and openings, with 
its rivers and lakes skirted with timber. The 
scenery of this combined woodland, prairie, lakes 
and rivers is surpassingly beautiful; disclosing 
picturesque rivers which stretch away in the far dis- 
tance like the varying pictures of a lovely pano- 
rama. The rivers and lakes abound in fish and 
water fowl, and the woodlands in game. The facil- 
ities for rural and aquatic sports have already 
made the locality famous for these enjoyments. 

OSHKOSU AS A Su.MMER ReSORT AND WaTEIIINO 

Place. —This citj' possesses a rare combination of 
natural features for a delightful summer resort and 
watering place. The climate is not surpassed in 
healthfulness; the air is pure and dry; 
and the invigorating breezes from the 
lake temper the heats of summer; the 
~ :^^. scenery is lovely ; the lake a most mag- 
nificent sheet of water with beautiful 
shores, and good harbors that are acces- 
sible in every direction, thus afiFording 
the best of yachting facilities. The sur- 
rounding country is beautiful, with 
excellent roads, affording delightful 
drives and jjicturesquc views of lake 
and river scenery. Wild game is abun- 
dant in the vicinity, and is composed of 
blue and green-winged teal, mallard and 
wood duck, snipe, woodcock, quail and 
prairie chickens. The waters abound in 
black and white bass and other flsh, and 
brook trout are plentiful in streams 
within a day's travel. 

The city has suffered fearfully from 
fires, but, like the fabled Phoenix, it has 
arisen from its ashes stronger and bet- 
ter after each calamity. As a lumber- 
making point it is surpassed by few in 
The State Normal School and the North- 
ern Wisconsin Insane Hospital are located here. It 
has a fine brick court house, a high school and sev- 
eral ward public school buildings, a fine masonic 
hall, a large number of churches, and many manu- 
factories. Of its hotels, The Beckwith, The Revere, 
The Tremont, The International and The Seymour 
rank high. Wolf river is navigable for 150 miles 
from Oshkosh, and on it lines of steamers, connect- 
ing daily with the trains of the C. & N.-W. R'y, 
toT Buttes des Morts, Wi?ineconne, Tiiston, Mor- 
ton's Landing, Fremont. Gill's Landing, Weyau- 
wega, lioyalton, Iforthport, yew London, and 
Shawano. 

Another line of steamers also runs for Omro, 
Eureka and Berlin by the Upper Fox river. 

State Hospital, 198 miles from Chicago, is the 
station for the State Hospital for the Insane, which 
is 50 rods from th<' shores of Lake Winnebago; cost 
$1,500,000, and can accommodate 600 patients. It 
is under the care of Dr. Walter Kempster, late of 
Utica, N. Y. 

On an l8lan<l in Lake Winnebago, li miles from 
the shore, is n summer hotel, by Josejih Heath, 
of Oshkosh, whieli can be reached hourly in sum- 
mer by steamers from the hospital pier. 

Siiells, 202 miles from Chicago, is an unimpor- 
tiint station, witli some 100 inhabitants. , 



any land. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



63 



Neenah and Menasha, 207 miles from Chi- 
cago. These two important cities are linlied to- 
gether here, as they are where located, as one 
station serves both, and although disunited muuic 
Ipally, are united in fortunes and in their hopes 
for the future. Together they contain about 7,500 
people. 

Menasha, being situated at the foot of Lake 
Winnebago and Lake Buttes des Morts, and cm- 
bracing part of Doty's Island, furnishes pictur- 
esque and entertaining scenery, unsurpassed by 
any Western town. The climate is unexcelled in 
salubrity, and no place on the continent is fr^er 
from epidemics. The air is mild and bracing and 
yields a vigor and endurance to the system, that is 
above all price. 



outlet of Lake Winnebago. The present population 
is over 4,000. The city and town is without a cent 
of indebtedness, either bonded or otherwise, and 
consequently the rates of taxation are very low. 
The graded schools of the city are noted through- 
out this section for their thoroughness and effi- 
ciency. The streets are graded and graveled, and 
lined with good sidewalk?. The business portion 
of the city is built up with fine brick blocks, and 
everything betokens thrift and prosperity. No city 
in the State can produce a better showing, in iha 
way of growth and pros^perity during the past sea- 
son (1875) than Neenah, a bona Jide lif^t of new 
mills, stores, residences and improvements footing 
up $400,000 in round numbers. Four paper mills, 
employing 160 men; stove works, 40 men; seven 




The Lakeside Hotel, Madison, Wis., on C. &. N.-W. Ry.— page 80. 



Lake Winnebago provides boating, sailing and 
bathing facilities. Steamboats ply on its limpid 
waters, and sailing vessels can always be had, fur- 
nishing ample moans for pleasure excursions. 
Row boats are kept in connection with The Na- 
tional Hotel, and will always be at the service 
■of guests, furnishing a most agreeable and healthy 
exercise on the ever placid waters of Fox river 
and adjacent bays of the "lake. In connection with 
other sports, fish and game are plenty, and the 
sportsman need have no lack of pleasurable nov- 
elties. 

Considerable manufacturing is carried on in the 
city, wood-working in various forms being particu- 
larly prominent. It has four flour mills, and attracts 
trade from the surrounding country for many 
miles. 

Our depot is on Doty's Island. 

Neenah.— The city of Neenah is located In the 
county of Winnebago, and most romantically and 
beautifully situated on the Fox river, and at the 



flour mills, stave and barrel factories, plow works, 
twelve churches, a public (" Gcrmania ") hall, that 
cost $15,000, and will seat 1,000 persons; several 
good school houses, a hotel— The Russell House- 
just finished, that will accommodate 100 guests, 
together with its miles of busy streets — strongly 
attest the character of the city we have in Neenah. 
Wildfang's mineral spring is near the city, and has 
more than a local reputation for its remedial 
powers. Riverside Park, a finely cultivated and 
adorned public park, will well repay a visit; it is 
on the banks of Fox river. No locality can offer 
better facilities for fishing, boating and shooting 
than can be found in this vicinity. 

West Menasha, 209 miles from Chicago, is a 
joint depot at the crossing of the Wisconsin Cen- 
tral Railroad, that here gives us rail connections 
for Gill's Landing, Weymncega, Waupaca^ Amherst, 
Stevens'' Point, Marnhfield afid Worcester. 

Appleton, 214 miles north of Chicago. The 
Lower Fox River Valley embraces a section of 



64 



The North and West Illustrated. 



C'lntry eituated between Lake Winnebago and 
Green Bay. From northeast to Bouthweet it 
csionds a distance of 50 miles?, and from northwest 
to southeast about 40 miles. The valley is inter- 
sected by the 44th parallel of latitude, and its cli- 
mate, therefore, is similar to that which obtains in 
Southern Minnesota, Central Michigan, Central 
New York, and In the southern part of Vermont 
and New Ilanipshire. From the time of its earliest 
eettlement it has been noted for its health-giving 
elements. Even in early times it was free from 
sectional epidemics. 

As a place of residence, the Fox River Valley 
presents every attn.ction which is at all desirable. 





Pyramid Rock, Devil's Lake, Wis., on C. & N.-W. Ry.— page 8 1 

The scenery which borders the majestically-flowing 
stream, the variegated beauty of woodland and 
meadow, and fluely-cultivatcd farms, the pleasant 
uudulutions of valley and hillside, the roar of the 
cataract, the grace and curve and dash of the swift- 
rushing current, all combine to minister to the 
esthetic as well as to the practical wants of the 
l)eople of this >alUy. 

In the centre of the valley of the Fox, through 
which lay the celebrated pathway of "La Pere 
Miirfiuetle," down to the Mississippi— a valley 
which is thickly sifted with the ashes of the past, 
and is the heart of the historic interest of the 
State; the scene of her most bloody Indian wars, 
and the home of half her legends and traditions— 
in the centre of this valley has sprung up a swift 



civilization which has its outcome and expression 
in Outagamie county. The capital city of this 
county is the old " Grand Chute " of early times, or 
the Api'leton of to-day, a town long known to 
many tourists for the beauty of her surroundings, 
and in business circles for her energy and enter- 
prise. Wisconsin can boast no more charming 
summer resort than is this little city, bathed by a 
broad and rapid running river, and on the east 
approached by wild ravines and brilliant forests; 
on the west by fnlds of yellow wheat, gay apple 
orchards, and the finest farm lands of the State. 

The well-known Telulah Springs are at the east- 
ern extremity of the city, in a charming point on 
the brink of the river, and at 
the foot of a magnificent nat- 
ural beech and maple grove of 
full 50 acres. The water of 
these springs, which is crystal- 
clear, pours from the hillside 
near the stream, and has been 
carried into reservoirs, about 14 
feet above the level of the 
river, the amount of the sup- 
ply being quite 6,000 gallons 
everyday. As stated by an ana- 
lytical chemist, "Telulah 
Spring water contains the same 
salts in about the same pro- 
portion as the Bethcsda," and 
like that celebrated spring, in 
curative qualities is unsur- 
passed, having peculiar efli- 
cacy in Bright's disease, dia- 
betes, all kidney affections, 
dropsy, etc. This spring, to- 
gether with Bethesda, holds 
high rank even in aState which 
flows with fountains, and is 
filled with mineral and medici- 
nal waters. The spring lies 
near the foot of the Grand 
Chute ra])ids, formed by the 
swift decline in the riverbed of 
50 feet within a mile, and its 
surroundings are lovely and 
remarkable. The formation of 
the vuUey in which it is found 
is curious, and its story of the 
greatest interest. Some of the 
remarkable "burial mounds" 
of the State are within the dis- 
tance of a pleasant ride, and near these are several 
of the rock-traced pictures and inscriptions of a 
pre-historic race. The river abounds in fish, the 
wild rice tracts are filled with ducks, and the 
woods with much small game. Aitlkton is easily 
accessible to the great centres. It has now a popu- 
lation of about 8 000. and as a manufacturing ])oiut, 
has great importance in the State. It is well shaded, 
and is threaded by delightful drives, and filled with 
pleasant homes. In educational advantages the 
city stands without a i)eer within the State. Law- 
rence t'nivcrsity is here located, and the general 
school system is of the highest grade. The tone of 
society is moral to a high degree ; the citizens are 
law abiding and industrious, enterprising, ambi- 
tious and hospitable. Finally, the climate is delight- 



The Chicago & Nobth-Western Railway. 



65 



ful. The heats of summer and the frosts of winter 
are tempered, both, by nearness to the great lakes 
of the North, and altogether no more delightful 
watering place, or charming summer home can be 
discovered anjrwhere within the limits of a noble 
State. Hotel and boarding house accommodations 
are ample and first class. 

Little Chute, 219 miles from Chicago, is a. 
German village of 200 persons. 

Kaukauna, 221 miles from Chicago. Popula- 
tion, 800. 

Wrightstown, 226 miles from Chicago. Popula- 
tion. 1.400. These are thrifty villages, surrounded 
by a fertile farming coun- 
try, and good shooting 
and fishing grounds. Deer 
and bear are not scarce, 
while woodcock, snipe, 
ducks, geese, partridge, 
pheasants and smaller 
game abound. Otto Gut- 
trer, a noted hunter, lives 
at Wrightstown, and is 
always glad to show the 
stranger where game is 
to be found. This village 
has some large saw mills, 
in one of which 60 men 
find work day and night. 
The American is its best 
hotel. Snidersville, Hol- 
landtown and Askeaton 
are tributary villages. 

Liittle Kaukauna, 
231 miles from Chicago, 
is merely a way station. 

De Pere, 236 miles 
from Chicago, is a thriv- 
ing manufacturing city of 
4,000 people, built on both 

sides of the Upper Fox river, and is reached by 
the largest lake steamers. Two extensive iron 
smelting furnaces here employ many men, and 
weekly produce large quantities of fine pig metal. 
The De Pere iron works manufacture railway cars. 
The city has fine schools, public as well as secta- 
rian; eight churches, and one fair hotel. The 
Oneida Indian reservation is Z}i miles west, and 
has on it 1,600 semi-civilLzed Indians. 

Fort Howard and Green Bay, 242 miles from 
Chicago. Fort Howard is on the west side of Fox 
river, one mile from its mouth, opposite to Green 
Bay, and connected with it by four bridges. It 
was an early military post, hence its name, and 
yet has some citizens who were drawn here by its 
soldier attractions. It has one hotel, a newspaper, 
and a fine growing business. The population con- 
sists of about 4,000 souls. 

Green Bay is noted as having been one of the 
first settlements made by white men— here the ban- 
ner of the Cross was first erected, and here the first 
mass said, in the territory now included within the 
limits of the State of Wisconsin— and is almost 
without a rival in the State in the inducements It 
offers to summer tourists, or to those who desire a 
cool and pleasant retreat from the heat and mala- 
ria of the South. The ancient settlement has 
nearly passed away, but there remains sufficient to 



recall the memories of the past; while the modem- 
city, with its spacious and elegant hotels, its fine 
school houses and other public buildings, its large 
and well-filled stores, and its beautiful private 
residences, make a pleasing contrast with the 
remains of the past. 

The city is surrounded on all sides but one by 
water; lying in the point of land at the confluence 
of the Fox and East rivers, and about a mile from, 
the mouth of the former. Both of these rivers are 
navigable for steamers, the Fox river being navi- 
gable for tjie largest class of lake vessels. It has 
also connection, through the Green Bat & Min- 




The Cliff House, Devil's Lal«e, Wis.—page 82. 



nesota Railway, with Winona, St. Paul and' 
Minneapolis, and all the magnificent scenery of 
Northern Minnesota. It is connected with both 
shores of Green Bay by comfortable and convenient 
steamers. A line of steamers connects with the 
trains of the Chicago & North-Western Railway, 
and makes tri-weekly trips up the east coast of 
Green Bay, making landings at Fish River, Stur- 
geon Bay, and other ports on that shore. 

Green Bay, with its suburbs, contains a popula- 
tion of 12,000 to 15,000 persons. It is noted for the 
healthfulness of its climate— enjoying almost en- 
tire immunity from all epidemic diseases. The city 
is laid out with great precision and regularity— its 
streets being all broad and straight, and the most 
of them are shaded by rows of magnificent old 
maples, elms and poplars on cither side, that, va. 
some cases, interlace their boughs in the centre; 
this gives to the place a charming rural aspect, 
while at the same time it has all the advantages, 
comfortsand refinements of a large city. The water 
supply is excellent, being mostly clear, cold, living 
springs, gushing out from the surface of thfr 
ground, or deep artesian wells. The days are com- 
fortably warm, and the nights always deliciously 
cool for sleeping. 

For amusements, there are magnificent drives cx- 
tendiiig in every direction from the city, with syi- 



m 



The North and West Illustrated. 



Tan, picturesque scenery, beautiful cascades, and 
everything to please the eye. The Fox river is 
here about 1,500 feet wide, and 25 to 30 feet in 
depth, spanned by throe handsome carriage and 
foot bridges, free to all. The river gradually ex- 
pands out into Green Kay, a beautiful sheet cf 
water, 120 miles long, with an average width of 15 
miles; this gives unexcelled advantages for yacht- 
ing, an amusement much indulged in by the citizens 
and visitors. Steam yachts also ply between the 
city and jjoints of interest in the vicinity. The 
bay has a gently shelving, gravelly or sandy beach. 



andbathingin the pure, crystal waters is a fayorite 
pastime. There are aUo excellent Ashing grounds 
and jilenty of flsh, with good hunting in its season. 
There are three large, flrst-class hotels in the city, 
viz: The Beaumont House, terms, $3 per day and 
$17.50 per week; Cook's Hotel, $2 per day and 
$8..50 t<j f 12 per week ; and The First National 
•Hotel, $2 per day and $9 to $12 per week. It has 
seven newspapers, fourteen churches, many fine 
schools, three public halls, a court house that cost 
$10,000, and some manufactures. 



THE GREEN BAY & MINNESOTA RAILROAD, 



Running, as it does, from Green Bay westwardly across the State of Wisconsin to the 
<;ity of Winona, on the Mississippi, in Minnesota, has opened up a country long 
<iestitute of much needed railroad facilities. Starting from Green Bay, it passes 
through the counties of Brown, Outagamie, Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Clark and 

Trempealeau. Pass- 
ing westward from 
Green Bay, 10 miles 
out we reach Oneida, 
the village of the 
Oneida Indian Reser- 
vation, with a popu- 
lation of bout 1,000. 
Seymour, 17 miles 
from Green Bay, is 
in Outagamie county, 
and 20 miles from 
its county seat, Apple- 
ton, which is reached 
by stage, fare |1. 
Shawano, 25 miles 
north, and Angelica, 
12 miles north, are 
reached by stage, 
daily. Seymour has 
a population of 1,500, 
two good schools, 
five churches, a stave 
and barrel factory, 
employing 75 men ; 
a wagon stock foun- 




Sklllet r eek, Devil's Lake, Wis.— page 83. 

(from Photograph hy Hoar.l A Tcnny, Winona, Minn.) 



dry, employing 20 men; a hub and spoke factory, employing 25 men; a spoke factory, 
-employing 15 men, and a lumber and shingle mill, employing 30 men; two hotels— 
The Wisconsin House, by Louis Fisher, and The Seymour, by Otto Bechener, each 
with 15 rooms, and charging |1.50 per day— furnish accommodations for transient 
^ests. The railroad was built through the village in 1871. The surrounding country 
is heavily timbered, and the forests are full of deer, bear and small game. Black 
Vreek; 24 miles out, and S7iu>c(on, 31 miles, are small villages. New London, 39 miles 
from Green Bay, having a population of 2, .500, is in Waupaca county, 20 miles from 
the city of Waupaca, the county seat, which is reached, during the season of navi- 



The Chicago & North-Western Railavay. 



67 



gation, by steamers on the Wolf and Waupaca rivers, and by stage during the winter. 
New London is built at the confluence of the Wolf and Embarras rivers. The sur- 
rounding country is heavily covered with hard wood timber, and has a deep, black 
soil, which is very productive under cultivation. The city has two large ward school 
houses and one German academy, six churches, several manufactories, and six hotels. 
NortJiport, Boyalton, Ogdensburg, Scandinavia, Amiierst, and Plover, are thrifty vil- 
lages, with a population of from 100 to 1,200 each. Grand Rapids, 96 miles from 
Green Bay, with a population of 2,000, is the county seat of Wood county which was 
organized in 1856, and has a population of 8,000. The county is heavily timbered with 
hard woods. In the village are three churches, two schools, one occupying a building 
which cost $20,000, and 
will accommodate 600 
scholars ; three public 
halls, two hotels, and six 
saw mills. In the vicinity 
there is over 35,000 acres 
of cultivated cranberries. 
Dexterville, 110 miles from 
Green Bay, is a flourishing 
village of 2,000 people. 
Merrillan, in Jackson 
county, is at the crossing 
of the West Wisconsin 
Railway, which furnishes 
direct rail connection for 
St. Paul, 130 miles north 
The village has a popu- 
lation of about 500 per- 
sons, two schools, a flour- 
ing mill, and a saw mill. 
Arcadia, 192 miles from 
Green Bay, is built on the 
Trempealeau river, has a 
population of 1,000, two 
schools, four churches 
and three hotels. There'' 
are many trout streams in 
the vicinity, and large 
numbers of brook trout are taken here every season. At 214 miles from Green Bay 
we reach the city of Winona, which will be described hereafter. Having hurriedly 
made the trip across the State, we now return to Fort Howard, and pursue our journey 
northward. 




On the Baraboo, near EIroy, Wis.— page 85. 



Dock Creek, 847 miles from Chicago; an unim- 
portant station. 

Big Suamico, 251 miles from Chicago. Has 
two hotels, one school and two paw millH. 

Little Suamico, 257 miles from Chicago. Un- 
important. 

Brookside, 262 miles from Chicago. A new 
and small place. 

Pensankee, 266 miles from Chicago, is in 
Oconto county, and in the midst of the pine lum- 
ber country. It has 300 population, one first-class 



brick hotel, that has 100 rooms; one school, and one 
church. West Pensaukee is five miles distant. 
Game of all kinds abound in this vicinity. 

Oconto, 271 miles from Chicago. This city, of 
5,000 people, is on Oconto river, two miles from its 
mouth. Oconto Falls are 16 miles distant; Stiles, 
12 miles west, and Gillettown, 30 miles west, are 
reached by stage. This city, with Peshtigo and 
many other villages and a large expanse of country, 
were burned over in October, 1871. Hundreds of 
persons perished, and millions of dollars worth ot 



The North and West Illustrated. 



property w^re consumed. Many marks of this ter- 
rible calamity are still plainly visible. In the city 
is the county court house, jail, and other county 
buildings; six schools, three public halls, eeven 
churches, many lumber mills, and four hotels. 

Caviots, 280 miles from Chicago, is au unimpor- 
tant station. 

Peshtigo, 284 miles from Chicago, is on Peshtigo 
river, seven miles from its mouth. Lumbering, and 
commerce incident thereto, occupy the time, talents 
and capital of its citizens. Thirty-flve miles above 



the city are Big, or Chameleon, Falls, 90 feet per- 
pendicular, and on same stream are Roaring, Cal- 
dron, and Eagle's Nest Fulls, nearly as great. 
Thunder Lake, River Medicine, Gravel and Trout 
Lakes, are near, and are full of fish. Brook trout 
are caught in great abundance in many of the 
streams of the vicinity. Deer, bear and other game 
are plentiful. The city has several good hotels, 
where sportsmen are lodged and fed at very reason- 
able rates. 



CHEAP LAND FOR THE FARMER. 

The CniCAGO & North-Western R.vilway CoMrAXV have for sale, in the States 
of Wisconsin and Michigan, 1,003,1(78 acres of Farming, Timber and Piile Lands, in 
tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $2 to $12 per acre. The timber on these lands 

consists — according to 
locality and soil — of 
pine, maple, beech, 
white oak, red oak, 
birch, ash, basswood, 
hemlock, and cedar, 
wliich is valuable for 
charcoal and manufac- 
turing purposes. 

Large tracts of these 
lands are in the imme- 
diate vicinity of the iron 
mines of Michigan and 
Wisconsin, and from 
the charcoal alone that 
can be manufactured 
from the heavy growth 
of timber thereon, par- 
ties purchasing can pay 
for them at the prices 
charged by the Com- 
pany for said lands, and 
have money left to ena- 
"' ble them to convert the 
lands from which the 
timber has been taken 




Willow River Falls, near Hudson, Wis.— page 88. 



for charcoal purposes, into productive farms, for the products of which they can at all 
times obtain the higiiest market prices in the mining and lumbering districts in the 
immediate neighborhood of these lauds. 

Of the above lands, 639,750 acres are in the State of Michigan, adjacent to and on 
each side of said Company's railroad, which has been fully completed and is now in 
successful operation between Lake Superior and the Wisconsin State Line ; and the 
balance of said lands, 364,228 acres, are in the State of Wisconsin, between the Michi- 
gan State line and Township line No. 30, and between Ranges 10 and 18 East, and are 
bounded on the north by the Brule and ISIenomonee rivers, and are traversed by the 
Wolf. Oconto, Peshtigo, Pine and other rivers, on which the piue timber taken from 
these lands is annually floated to the various places of manufacture thereon. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



Marinette, 291 miles from Chicago. This city, 
of 4,000 people, is on the south side of the Menom- 
onee river, which here forms the boundary between 
the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. The 
business of the city pertains to lumbering in some 
form. It has ten saw mills employing over 
5,000 men, and manufacturing 150,000,000 feet of 
lumber yearly; one blast furnace employs 80 men. 
In the city are three schools, four churches, two 
public halls and two hotels. Several trout streams 
^re near. Crossing the 
Menomonee river on a fine 
bridge, we reach the depot 
for the city of 

Menomonee, 293 miles 
from Chicago, and are 
in the State of Michigan. 
Here, also, "lumbering" 
is the leading business. It 
has five large saw mills, 
that employ 600 men; an 
iron furnace, employing "5 
men; a court house, that 
cost $30,000; a brick and 
stone town hall, that cost 
$6,000; four schools, four 
churches, and two good 
hotels. Population, about 
4,000. Without delaying 
long at BiKCH Creek, 
Wallace, Stephenson, 
Gbavel Pit, Eaglet, 
Kloman, Spalding, Feb- 
Rr, Bark Eivbr, or Ford 
RiTER, which are mere side ^ 
tracks, we hurry on to " 

Escanaba, 357 miles 
from Chicago. This is one 
of the pleasantest summer 
resorts there is in the 
West. It is situated at 
the head of Little Bay Dee 
Noques, at the north end 
of Green Bay. The water 
of the bay, clear as crystal, 
washes the streets of the 
city on two sides, while the 
Escanaba river forms the 
third, and the aromatic 
"piney woods" close well 
down on the other side. 
Good hotels offer quiet 

and comfortable quarters for tourists who may 
wish to spend days or weeks here fishing, boat- 
ing or bathing. White Fish Bay in this vicinity 
offers rare sport for fishermen, and every little 
stream (and they are numerous) is almost alive with 
the ever beautiful brook (spotted) trout. From Es- 
canaba excursions are fitted out in various direc- 
tions. Those not caring for fishing can take to the 
"woods," and find bear and deer in abundance, to 
say nothing of ducks, geese, brants, partridges and 
smaller feathered game. This is now a favorite 
summer resort to the people of Chicago. It has a 
population of 3,000, and is adjacent to the vast 
mineral regions, for which this section of country 
is renowned. The hotel accommodations are unsur- 
passed. The Tilden House is the largest, and first- 



class in all its appointments, and located immedi- 
ately on the bay shore; surrounded by beautiful 
groves and parks, laid off in flower beds, and beau- 
tiful serpentine walks and carriage drives; being 
well supplied with boats— both rowing and sailing 
— fishing tackle, and professional guides in readi- 
ness to convey guests to the trout streams. The 
Luddington House has accommodations for 100 
guests. The climate of Escanaba is unsurpassed. 
During the hottest of the summer months the ther- 




Pulplt Rock, on the St. Croix, near Hudson, Wis.— page 88. 

mometer ranges at about 80 degrees, averaging but 
6.5 degrees during the entire summer season. The 
place is rapidly becoming one of the most popular 
summer resorts of the Lake Superior district, and, 
from present indications, the coming season prom- 
ises to eclipse all previous ones in point of visitors 
from all sections of the country. To sportsmen, fond 
of hunting or angling— the naturalist in quest of 
the curious and wonderful in nature, in connection 
with the iron, silver, lend, copper and gold deposits 
of Lake Superior— the business man, socking rest 
and health in a pure, invigorating air— Escanaba 
offers unsurpassed advantages. At Escanaba are 
extensive mineral docks owned by the railroad, 
and into which (through the spring, summer and 
fall months), from 700 to 800 cars, daily, of iron ore 



70 



The North and West Illustkated. 



and pig iron, hiiuled from the iron regions around 
Negaunec and l.slipuniing, arc depos^ited, the daily 
average being about 7,000 tonn. From these docks 
vessels load for all the portu of the lower lakes. 

The country beyond Escanaba is not very invit- 
ing, but contains many fine brook trout streams, 
and deer, bear a:id other game and fur-bearing 
animals. The sport.sman, fisherman or trapper will 
find ample employment and sport here. Passing 
along the classic shores of Goose Lake, we soon 
reach 

Negaiinee, 419 miles from Chicago. Here we 
are in the midst of the celebrated iron regions of 




On the St. Croix, near Taylor's Falls, Minn.— page 88, 

Lake Superior. Surrounded on all sides by the 
mines and furnaces of some thirty or more mining 
companies— this busy city does not present an 
attractive appearance to the fashionable visitor or 
to the " kid glove" tourist, but to him who would 
view nature in her wildness, or who would go with 
the harily, industrious miner into the mines, and 
seek out the precious gems that ftre found there, 
this place has an abiding attraction. The city 
contains over 4,000 people, is built in a narrow 
valley, surrounded by high and broken hills, and is 
1,400 feet above Marquette, which is only 1,3 miles 
distant. It is well supplied with schools, churches, 
hotels, newspapers and business houses. In the 
vicinity are many romantic and picturesque spots, 
well worth visiting. Game is abundant and brook 
trout more than plentiful. Excanatia River, Utile 
Lake, Cascade, Lake Mictiigammi and Jleuomonee 
Jiiver are within visiting dir-tancos, and a visit to 
them will amply repay the tourist. Of all of the 



gems of this wild country, you must not fail to 8e« 
Teal Lake, as beautiful a body of water as eye ever 
looked upon. We reproduce a scene on the lake, 
that has been painted by Edward Schrottky, a 
rihing young artist of this place. Our wood-cat 
does poor justice to the beauty of the picture or of 
the lake. On the farther side of the lake, and to 
the left of the picture, may be seen a house. Its 
history is not unromantic. Many years ago, an 
Eastern gentleman, with an only daughter, about 20 
years of age, settled at Chicago. The moist air 
from Lake Michigan did not agree with the lady, 
and she daily faded. An Indian chief, at Fort 
Dearborn, told the father, of the 
pure, dry air of the hills of the 
great northern lake, and drew no 
mean picture of the country about 
Negaunee and Teal Lake, and 
urged that the daughter should be 
taken there. Anxious to adopt 
any means that seemed to promise 
hope to the almost dying girl, the 
lumber for a house was prepared. 
Mild with an ample supply of hand- 
-> line, costly furniture, was placed 
on a vessel, chartered to run as 
near Teal Lake as possible. In 
due time this vessel reached the 
port where Marquette has since 
bfcn built. Friendly Indians 
" packed " the cargo of the vessel 
over almost pathless wilds, 13 
miles to the site shown in our 
picture, and in course of time the 
house was built, furnished and 
occupied by the invalid and her 
father. A happy year was passed; 
bloom again came to the wan 
cheek and fire came to the dimmed 
eye; but, alas, only to mock the . 
hopes of the doting parent. With 
the coloring of the leaves the next 
fall, the father bore the body of 
h i s dead child to his far-oiT Eastern 
home, and abandoned house, fur- 
niture and all. The Indians, with 
superstitious dread, kept away 
from the place, and everything 
remained as the owner had left it until a few years 
ago, when the white man prospected the country, 
and settled here to rob the hills of their mineral 
treasure. Having none of the scruples of the un- 
taught savage, he did not respect the home of the 
dead girl, and soon stripped it of its contents, so 
that to-day the house alone is left. It stands there, 
a monument to the now dead and almost forgotten 
father, who, in its buildingand furnishing, expended 
over 880,000. The jjlace is known as "The White 
House." 

Ishpemlnis:, 423 miles from Chicago. This city, 
of over 6,000 people, is in the same iron region as 
the last named. Many mines are close to its limits 
andwithin the city proper— the Cleveland, producing 
1.50,000 tons yearly; the Lake Superior, 150,000 tons; 
Barnum, 50,000 tons; Pittsburgh and Lake Angeline, 
40,000 tons each. Deer L ike furnace, two miles off, 
produces 10,000 tons yearly of charcoal pig metal. 
In the city are five churches, one school, with 11 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



n 



teachers, occupying a building that cost $52,000. 
The Bamum House is a first class hotel, kept by 
Robert Nelson. It has 90 rooms, is lighted with 
gas, supplied with hot and cold water and bath 
rooms, heated with steam throughout, finely fur- 
nished, and cost, with its furniture, some $80,000. 
It was opened in June, 1875, and is admirably kept. 
Ishpeming is the northern terminus of our line. 

Marquette, 4.35 miles from Chicago, though not 
directly on the Chicago <fc North- Western Railway, 
is reached by rail by that route only, and is '«o closely 
identified with this line, that 
we almost call it our terminal 
station, and largely treat it as 
if it were so. Marquette is 
situated on the south shore of 
Lake Superior, at the eastern 
terminus of the Marquette, 
Houghton & Ontonagon 
Railroad, and is the centre of 
the great iron region of Lake 
Superior. The principal busj. 
ness interests are those con 
nected with mining. It is well 
supplied with excellent hotels 
and large summer boarding 
houses, where comfortable 
well furnished rooms and unex 
celled board can be procured 
at very reasonable prices. The 
city is beautifully located on 
the Bay of Marquette, which 
is a deep indentation of the 
shores of the lake. The ton n 
is well built, its streets wide 
clean, and well paved. Itspto 
pie are refined, educated, and 
extremely sociable and kindly 
On the bay you have unequaled 
facilities for boating, and 'ts 
waters are filled with gamey 
fish, which seem eager to 
reward the angler, as they are 
caught in great abundance with 
but little labor. A few miles 
out in the bay are several large 
islands covered with virgin for 
eats. These islands are f a\ or- 
ite resorts for picnic part'cs, 
that reach them by sail boats, 
by steamer, or by small row 
boats, of which any number 
almost may be hired in Mar- 
quette at any time. 

For the invalid or for the resident of our Southern 
or Eastern States, Marquette ofi'ers many induce- 
ments as a summer resort. Its air is pure and clear, 
its days not hot, its nights pleasantly cool, and yet 
not cold, and its healthfulness unquestioned. 

From Marquette you can take steamer for Sault 
St. Mary, for Isle Royal, St. Ignace Island, Fort 
William, or any point on the north shore of Lake 
Superior. On that shore you will find nature in all 
her wildness. The white man's arts and ways have 
not yet penetrated its wilds, and the Indian with 
his peculiar ways can be found without seeking far. 
This Indian is not the savage of the plains or 
mountains, but he who has been tamed by the 



kindly teachings of the patient Catholic missionary, 
who has been a dweller in the tents of the uncul- 
tured child of the forest for generations, and who 
has lived there really and truly for the Indian'* 
good, and not for the white man's aggrandize- 
ment, as is too often the case with the so-called 
friend of the Indian. No finer trout fishing is to 
be found anywhere on the broad earth than can be 
found on the north shore of this great inland ocean. 
Speckled trout, weighing from five to twelve pounds, 
are often caught by the few adventurous spirits who 




The Dalles," on the St. Croix, Wis.— page 1. 



have for several years sought these favored shores. 
The rivers Nipigon and Michapacoton are the best 
known of the trout streams of the north shore. 
Guides to these streams can be easily hired at Mar- 
' quette, and fishing parties be fitted out with little 
expense or labor. And here we might drop a hint 
that may be useful to the stranger: Take an Indian 
for your guide if you go to the north shore to fish; 
see that you get one that does not love " fire water," 
and one that is not afraid of work. Plenty of lazy- 
white men will tender their services, and boast of 
their knowledge and skill, but tnist them not 
They arc utterly worthless, either in your boat or 
out of it. 



t« 



The North and West Illustrated. 



The best hotels at Marqnette are The Cozzens, 
Alfred Cozzens, proprietor— it can accommodate 
150 guests for the summer— this liouse has a num- 
ber of summer cottages fitted up for the use of 
gnests, who may prefer them to the rooms of the 
hotel--and The Northwestern Hotel, Farnham & 
Lyons, proprietors. Tliis house is situated close to 
the waters of the bay, and is a charming location 
for 8 summer home. Mesdames Williams and 
Sherman keep excellent boarding houses. The 
rates for private board range from $6 to $12 per 
week. A daily line of Pullman Palace Cars is run 
between Chicago and IMarquctte, by the Chicago & 
North-Western Railway Company. 

Marquette, as a watering place, cannot well he 
excelled. Romantic i-con- 
ery surrounding one on 
every side, a cool, bracing 
atmosphere, which, to 
those who may be suffer- 
ing from the heat of a 
Bummcr sun, is, as it 
were, the "balm of 
Gilead." In the fore- 
ground a beautiful bay 
spreads away to the dis- 
tant shore (which is often 
compared to the bay of 
Venice), whose silvery 
waters often lie like an 
immense mirror beneath 
the rays of the setting 
sun, and when dotted 
with vessels and steam- 
ars, presents a scene 
worthy the pencil of an 
artist. Salmon trout 
abound in its waters, and 
are often taken by trol- 
ling, weighing from five 
to twenty-five pounds each. 




The Falls of Minnehaha, Minn.— page 90. 



One person not unfre- 
qnently captures from one to twenty fish per day, 
in the season. .There are a number of streams in 
the vicinity, where the speckled beauties are await- 
ing the lly of the angler. 

Marquette has a population of about 8,000. It is 
lighted with gas, and is supplied with water from 
the cool, crystal lake by the Holly water system. 

To the invalid or tourist, needing a few w'eeks' 
recreation, we recommend them by all means to 
fieek the pure air and splendid climate in and 
around the fair city of Marquette. Sailing over the 
broad, clear waters of Lake Superior, trolling for 
the large thirty-pound lake fish, beating the moun- 
tain streams for speckled trout, visiting the rolling 
mills, furnaces, mines, and otherobjects of interest, 
will serve to pass away several weeks in an amusing 
and profitable manner. The hotels here are welj 
kept, very comfortable and charges reasonable. 

We quote from the Mining Joio'nal: "The 
people of Marquette are remarkably well favored 
with the grand in nature— in the hills and valleys, 
the s\\ ift-llowing river, and the rivulet, the ex- 
panse of lake and stretch of shore line, the rising 
plain and unnumbered tints of foliage, by which 
the city is surrounded. It would be difiicult to 
aelect a point that offers a greater diversity of 
striking and beautiful scenery, in the midst of a 



moving commerce, which is asserting itself as the 
most powerful in the world. A finer picture never 
covered the canvas of an artist than is jiresented by 
Marquette from the centre of the bay, with the 
docks, and ships, and steamers in the foreground, 
bustling with life, and the city dropping from the 
high land to the right and left, on both sides of the 
bay, witli a horizon of hills to the extreme right 
and left in the background." 

Marquette is the county seat of Marqnette 
county, which was organized in 1845, and has a resi- 
dent population of 20,000. The city contains a 
county court house and jail, two public halls — 
Mathews and The Opera House, which will seat 
1,1)00 persons; five churches; a union high school, 
three ward schools, a 
convent and Roman 
Catholic seminary, three 
banks, two foundries, 
four blast furnaces, one 
rolling mill, one steam 
forge, and several other 
manufactories. The ma- 
ch.iue and car works of 
the Marquette, Houghton 
& Ontonagon Railroad 
Company are located 
li'n\ and give eniploy- 
Hieut to a large number 
of skilled mechanics. 
Five extensive docks for 
the shipment of ore have 
been built and are main- 
tained here at large ex- 
pense. Dead, Chocolay, 
Little and Garlic rivers 
are near by, and are 
noted trout (brook) 
streams. Returning to 
Ishpeming from Mar- ' 
quette, we find the Marquette, Houghton & Onton- 
agon Railroad running westward, and towards 
Ontonagon. It runs through a wild and mostly 
uncultivated district, but one that is well worthy of 
a visit. Iron mines and furnaces arc on every hand; 
mountains of iron are on every side, and the roar- 
ing of the rapid running river is heard many times 
while passing from Ishpeming to L'Ansc. 

Liake Michigainini, 38 miles from Marquette, 
situated on the line of the Marquette, Houghton & 
Ontonagon Railroad, in Marquette county, is one of 
the most beautiful sheets of water to be found in 
the country. The shore is very irregular, present- 
ing many points of beauty ; the lake contains 
many wooded islands, which add much to the pic- 
turesqueness of the scenery. A steamer runs on 
the lake from Michigammi to the islands. At 
Michigammi arc the celebrated Michigammi and 
Spurr iron mines. The Ilamey, Iloskins and other 
mines, but partially developed at the present writ- 
ing, are located near Michigammi. 

li'Aiise, 63 miles from Marquette, in Baragey 
county, is a new town, situated on Keweenaw bay, 
and at present is the western terminus of the Mar- 
quette, Hougton & Ontonagon Railroad, but surveys 
for the extension of the line to Ontonagon and 
Houghton have been made. The harbor is one of 
the finest on the whole chain of lakes. There are 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



13 



two churches, one school house, one bank and 
several stores. Arrangements are now being made 
for building a dry dock and a blast furnace. The 
railroad ore pier and merchandise dock and ma- 
chine shops give employment to a large force of 
^vorkmen. On Fall nver and L'Anse bay is to be 
Tound as fine brook and salmon trout and white fish 
fishing as there is in the country. Methodist and 
Catholic Indi:in mission houses are situated about 
four miles from L'Anse, on opposite sides of the 
bay. 

The following named towns are situated on the 
line of the Marquette, Houghton, & Ontonagon 
Railroad : Marquette, Morgan, Negaunee, Ishpe- 
ming. Greenwood, Clarksburg, Humboldt, Repub- 
lic, Champion, Michigammi, Spurr 
Sturgeon, Summit and L'Anse. 

Although the season of 1875 wa« 
one of very great depression, and 
was particularly unfavorable to th 
iron interests, the following stati 
tics of the iron ore traffic may I 
interesting: Produced, by Republic 
mine, 137,000 tons; by Lake Superior 
mine, 114,000 tons; by Clevelai d 
mine, 109,000 tons; by Jackson min 
106,000 tons; by Champion mine 
47,000 tons; by Michigammi mine 
45,000 tons; by Spurr mine, 43,000 
tons; by Saginaw mine, 45,000 toi s 
by Kloman mine, 35,000 tons; by Bai 
num mine, 41,000 tons ; by other 
mines, 2-25,0lX) tons. Total, 936,000 
tons. In addition to this, there w s 
manufactured and shipped by th 
charcoal furnaces of this district 
90,500 tons of pig iron. The aggregate 
production of iron ores of the mine 
in this region from 18.56 to 1875, inclu 
eive, was 9 r>48,281 tons. The aggic 
gate product of pig iron from 1858 to 
1875, inclusive, was 719,351 tons. 

Names of iron mines and furnaces, 
with location, on the Marquette, 
Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad: 
Marquette and Pacific furnace, Mar- 
quette; Carp fur:, ace, Marquette ; 
Grace furnace, Marquette; Bancroft furnace, Ban- 
croft; Morgan furnace, Morgan; Rolling Mill mine, 
Negaunee; McCombcr mine, Negaunee; Jackson 
mine, Negaunee; New York mine, Ishpeming; 
Cleveland mine, Ishpemmg; Lake Superior mine, 
Ishpeming; Lake Angeline mine, Ishpeming; Sagi- 
naw mine, Saginaw; Winthrop mine, Saginaw; 
Shcnango mine, Saginaw; Greenwood furnace. 
Greenwood; Michigan furnace, Clarksburg; Wash- 
ington mine, Humboldt; Edwards mine, Humboldt; 
Franklin mine, Humboldt; Hungerford mine, 
Humboldt; Republic mine. Republic; Kloman mine, 
Republic; Pcuinsula mine, Republic; Metropolis 
mine, Republic; Eric mine, Republic; Cannon 
mine. Republic; Keystone mine. Champion; Cham- 
pion mine. Champion; Michigammi mine, Michi- 
gammi; Harney mine, Michigammi; Spurr mine, 
Spurr; Steward mine, Spurr. 

Again referring to L'Anse, we would say, that 
here close connection is made with the staunch iron 
Bteamer "Ivanhoe," belonging to the L'Anse, 



Houghton & Hancock Transit Company, which 
runs to the port of Houghton, the distributing 
point for the copper district, embracing Houghton 
county and a part of Keweenaw Point. The steam- 
boat trip from L'Anse to Portage lake occupies 
about three hours, the steamer passing through the 
beautiful sheet of water known as Keweenaw bay, 
and the picturesque Portage river and lake, all of 
which are renowned for their scenic eflects, etc. 
Portage lake is noted as the site of a number of 
thriving industries, which include stamp mills, 
copper smelting works, foundries, machine shops, 
candle factories, copper rolling mill, saw and plan- 
ing mills, etc., etc. Portage lake has two thriving 
towns, Houghton and Hancock. The former is tho 




The Fails of St. Anthony, Minn.— page 94. 



county seat of Houghton ct)unty. Its situation, on 
the side of a hill, is an attractive one, and its excel- 
lent hotel, one of the best— The Northwest— makes 
the place a desirable summer resort. Ail the great 
copper mines of Lake Superior can be reached from 
this town within an hour and a half. On the oppo- 
site or north side of Portage lake is the nourishing 
town of Hancock, which is the western terminus of 
the Mineral Range RaiIro:ul, a line of narrow gaugo 
railway, ia operation between the famous Calumet 
and Hecla mine and Portage iake. During the 
season of navigation, all points of interest on Lake 
Superior, including the silver mines of Ontonagon, 
the copper mines of Isle Royal, the North Shore 
silver mines, Duluth, Bayfield, Superior City, etc., 
can be reached from Portage lake, it being the 
eastern and southern terminal point for a line of 
steamers, calling at all the localities named. The 
climate of Portage lake in the summer is one of 
the most delicious on the American continent, and, 
aside from its great attraction as the site of the 



14 



The North and West Illustrated. 



largest copper industry in the world, the tourist or 
pleasure seeker will find much to interest in study- 
ing the scenery on either side of the lake. The 
section also affords some excellent trout streams. 

Names of silver and copper mines in the Lake 
Superior country, which may be reached via Mar- 
quette, Houghton & Ontonagon Railroad, and 
steamers from L'Anse : Copper— Calumet and 
Uecla, Copper Harbor, Atlantic, Hancock, Eugle 
River, Pewabic, Allouez, Franklin, Osceola, Phoe- 
nix, Quincy, All)auy and Bos. Silver— Superior, 
Cleveland, Collins, Ontonagon, Pittsburg, Excel- 
sior, Scrantou, Luzerne, and several others. 

PouTAGE Lake is an irregular body of water, 
about twenty miles in length, extending nearly 
across Ke .veenaw Point to within two miles of Lake 










The Mills a\ Minneapolis, Minn.— page 90 



Superior. Steamers and sail-vessels drawing 12 
feet can pass through Portage Entry, and navigate 
the lake with salety. This body oi water was an old 
and favorite thoroughfare for the Indians, and tlie 
Jesuit Fathers who first discovered and explored 
this section of the country. During the winter 
months the atmosphere is very clear and transpar- 



ent in the vicinity of Houghton, and all through 
Keweenaw Point; objects can be seen at a great 
distance on a clear day, while sounds are conveyed 
distinctly through the atmosphere, presenting a 
phenomenon peculiar to all northern latitudes. 
This is the season of health and pleasure to the 
permanent residents. 

Portage and Lake Sih'brigr Ship Canal. This 
important work was commenced iu 1808, and 
finished in 1873, at a cost of about $2,500,000. Its 
length is 2}^ miles, with piers (KX) feet in length, 
extending out into Lake Superior on the north, 
affording a safe entrance for downward bound 
vessels. The canal is 100 feet wide, 15 feet deep, 
with banks rising from 20 to 35 feet above the 
water. At its southern entrance into Portage lake, 
8 miles above Houghton, it runs 
through a low marshy piece of 
ground, then enters the lake 
about half a mile wide. Below 
Houghton it connects with the 
Portage Lake and River Improve- 
ment, 14 miles in length, making 
the distance across from lake to 
lake, 24 miles. 

Hancock, Honghton connty, 
Michigan, is situated on the 
north side of Portage lake, oppo- 
site to the village of Houghton, 
with which it is connected by a 
steam ferry and a bridge. The 
town was first laid out in 1858, 
an.l now contains about 2,000 in- 
habitants, including the mining 
population on the north side of 
lake, its sudden rise and 
])rosperity being identified with 
the rich deposit of native copper 
in which this section of country 
abounds. The site of the village 
is on a side-hiU rising from the 
ike level to a height of about 
.500 feet, where the openings to 
the mines arc situated. Here are 
one congregational, one method- 
ist, and one Roman catholic 
church; two banks, two public 
houses, the iSinniitr Mine and 
stamping-mill, a number of stores and warehouses, 
one steam saw mill, one barrel factory, one 
foundry and machine shop, and other manufac- 
turing establishments. In the vicinity are four 
extensive steam stamping mills, worked by the 
difi"erent mining companies— the Quincy, Pewv 
bic and Franklin. 



Prom Marquette to Duluth, via STEA^rER. 



From Marquette, or from Honghton. yon can take 
steamer to Isle Royale, Silver Islet, and Duluth. 

The steamers leave Marquette in the morning, 
and pass by the Huron islands, Manitou Island, 
Keweenaw Point, past Fort William, Eagle Harbor, 
Eagle River, Ontonagon, the Pewabic Copper 
Mines, Copper Harbor, Ashland, Bayfield, and so 
up to Fond du Lac and Duluth. We have an attract- 
ive trip, on magnificent boats, over the largest lake 



in the world. Lake Superior is noted for its clear, 
cold water (it being so clear that from the deck of 
the steamer yon can plainly see the great lake trout 
playing in the water forty feet below the surface); 
you pass within sight of the shores of the lake, 
which are in many places mountainous, and clothed 
in the verdure of the pme, hemlock, spruce, fir, and 
other evergreen trees. A more delightful trip for 
the hot days of summer cannot be had within tta« 



The Chicago & Nokth-Westeri^ Railway. 



75 



bounds of the American continent. Ttie steamers 
are large, staunch, finely equipped, and commanded 
by officers whose superiors in courtesy and kind- 
ness cannot be found anywhere. 

You can visit Duluth and Marquette during same 
trip, going to Duluth via St. Paul, and returning via 
Marquette, or vice versa, if you procure the round 
trip ticlcets issued by the Chicago & North-Western 
Railway, at Chicago. The following letter gives 
some idea of a trip by steamer on Lake Superior: 

"'To Duluth via the North Shore and Silver 
Island,' is au announcement I read in a Marquette 
newspaper on Mondaj' last. I lost no time in se- 
curing passage on the splendid steamer St. Paul, 
of Ward's Lake Superior Line. Leaving Marquette 
on the following morning, 
favored by a cloudless sky 
and an unruffled sea, the run 
to Houghton and Hancock 
was en joy ably made in about 
eight hours. Several substan- 
tial stone buildings are being 
constructed in Houghton, 
while the narrow-gauge rail- 
road from Hancock to the 
Calumet Mine — a distance of 
twelve miles— and the lively 
business it does, give to Han- 
cock a metropolitan aspect. 

"As the day was fading 
into night, our boat steamed 
down the copper-colored lake 
(Portage lake), amid rugged 
scenery — forest-covered hills 
towering on each side, and, 
eight miles distant, entered 
Portage Lake canal. This cut 
is without locks, is one hun- 
dred feet wide, two and one- 
quarter miles long, has a good 
depth of water, and cost 
$2,500,000. At its Lake Supe- 
rior end a locomotive head- 
light, perched upon what re- 
sembled a primitive pigeon- 
coop, lighted us out into the 
lake. With the prow of our 
vessel turned northward, and 
the Captain's assurance that 
daylight would bring us to 
Silver Islet, the hundred or 
more excursionists turned 
into their berths. 

" Isle Royale first came in sight. The vast min- 
eral deposits there discovered, attract to it much 
attention. It is situated within thirty miles of the 
north shore, and a natural wonderment is how it 
came to be included within the United States. The 
simple fact is, that when the treaty defining the 
boundary line was made, the British Commissioner 
did not know its value, while Benjamin Franklin, 
the American Commissioner, did. During his resi- 
dence in Paris, as Ambassador of the United States, 
he had discovered among the French archives the 
reports of Jesuit explorers, dating back to 1(530, 
which announced the existence of rich copper- 
deposits on this island. Keeping this information 
to himself, when the treaty was being drawn up. 



he, without assigning a reason, insisted upon this 
island being secured to the United States. The 
British did not deem it worth while to object. 
Franklin then wrote home that he had secured for 
the Republic all the copper the country would ever 
need. He had then no idea that rich deposits of 
the same ore would be found throughout Keweenaw 
Point. 

"The island is about fifty miles long by ten in 
width. Its surface is rugged, and inviting only in 
midsummer. Its shores are indented with numer- 
ous bays and inlets, capable of floating the largest 
craft. Near the middle of the island are two lakes 
--Desorand Siskawit. 

"A vein of silver was opened in the western end 




White Bear Lake, Minn.— page 91. 



of the island, and, as it lies on the same range as 
Silver Islet, it is believed that silver ore predomi- 
nates. But the fabulous reports about Silver Island 
— of pure silver nuggets, large as a man's head, 
found in its matchless vdin— engrossed our curiosity 
and chaUenged our belief. To the Indians it was 
not unknown. For many years they had exhibited 
silver specimens to the citizens of Ontonagon, on 
the south shore, but could not be induced to reveal 
the location of the mine. 

"Among the thousands of islands of varying 
size which cluster along the north shore, t^ilver 
Islet seems like a mere speck on the surface. At 
no point was it more than five feet above the level 
of the lake, while its dimensions were less than 



76 



The North axo West Illustrated. 



eighty feet pquare. When its marvelous value was 
discovcrcfi, the obstacles in the way of opening the 
vein seemed insurmountable. The islet is about a 
mile distant from the main land, ujjon which the 
Bettlement is located. More than live hundred feet 
of crib-worlc has been thrown out in the form of a 
squ'ire, starting from the middle of the i.«lct, and 
running southeast. Inside this protection, and 
around the richest part of the vein, a coffer-dam 
has been constructed. A shaft has been let down 
to the si.xth level— about four hundred feet — at 
which depth good ore is now being mined. The 
operations of silver and copper mining are ';imilar. 
The opening of the shaft rarely exceeds six feet 
square. The veins are readied by what are termed 
"levels." On Silver Islet they are about seventy 
feet apart. After a vein has been followed as far 
as thought profitable, the shaft is sunk ten feet 
deeper, when the vein below is reached. The waste 
material thrown out has been used to fill in around 
the island, thus 
largely increasing 
its dimensions. 
Upon this mide 
gfound, and upon 
piles driven in, 
numerous build- 
ings have been 
erected. Lnoscly 
lying around the 
islet are piles 
of rocks taken 
from underground 
which are said to 
contain more sil- 
ver than is found 
in the most pro 
Stable mines in 
Nevada and Col- 
orado. 

'■ Six miles west 
of silver Islet, ^ , ^ i. ^ ^ 

Thunder Cap^ Oak Crove House, Cedar 

juts far out into the water, and looms up fully 
1,350 feet above the level of the lake. This bold 
promontory present! a grand aspect — the most 
striking on the north shore. It marks the entrance 
to Thunder Bay, in which Prince Arthur's Landing 
and Fort William — both considerable settlements^ 
are situated. In some places Thunder Bay rises 
from the water almost perpendicularly, present- 
ing a basaltic appearance, while it is rendered 
more awful from its having upon its summit an 
extinct volcano. The Canadian Government has 
located a lighthouse at its highest point. From 
its summit magnificent views are obtiiined of the 
majestic scenery in the vicinity. Islands, varying 
in length from one hundred feet to half that num- 




ber of miles, are seen as thickly strewed as are the 
Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence. Within a 
dozen miles north they are coimted by hundreds. 

"Indian tribes still roam over the vast territory 
from Lake Superior to Hudson's Bay on the north. 
The mountainous peaks they regard with especial 
veneration and awe, associating with them fabulous 
legends. They believed the thunder-clouds were 
gigantic birds, whose nesis were on the highest 
hills, and whose cries were heard aTar oT. The 
head they assumed resembled an eagle's, having on 
one side a wing and a paw, and on the other an arm 
and one foot. The lightning was supposed to issue 
from the beak through the paw, by which it was 
launched forth in fiery darts over the country. 
From this superstition the locality became invested 
with the name Thunder. 

"Bounding Thunder Bay on the south is Pie 
Island. The Indians name it after the Tortoise. 
It is eight miles long by five miles wide, and in one 
place rises to an 
altitude of eight 
hundred and fifty 
feet. The highest 
point is basaltic, 
resembling the 
Hudson river pali- 
sades. 

" Westward, 
along the shore, 
the prospect is 
ever pleasing. 
There is the (-ame 
rugged, mountain- 
ous shore, cover- 
ed with spruce, 
pine, birch, bal- 
sam, and cedar 
trees. About one 
hundred and twen- 
ty miles northeast 
. . „. from Duluth, the 

Uake.M.nn.-pageOI. boundary line is 

defined by a small trout stream, called Pigeon 
river, which empties into a beautiful buy of the 
same name. Our very obliging captain, Albert 
Stewart, ran into the bay to the mouth of the n'ver 
— five miles from the lake— simply to enable us to 
view the grand scenery and the insignificantly 
small boundary line. Majestic hills, covered with 
thick foliage, encircle the bay. About a nrle up 
the river, water falls ninety feet into a chasm, then 
rushes through a gorge into the bay. At this 
remarkable spot one white man — C'apt. Parker — 
dwells, fishing and hunting in British or American 
territory, at his pleasure. 

" Ten hours subsequent sail brought us to 
Duluth." 



and you will find that at Harvard June- 
road diverged westwardly. This we will 



Please retrace your reading a few pages, 
tion, 62 miles from Chicago, a line of this 
now follow up and see of what it consists. 

THE CHICAGO, MADISON & ST. PAUL LINE. 

When first opened, this was known as " The Elroy Route," and was named 
from the City of Elroy, through which it passes. This through line consists of the 



Tub Chicago & Nortii-Westerk Railway. 



11 



Chicago & North-Western Railway from Chicago to Elioy, (Wisconsin Division Chicago 
to Harvard Junction, and Madison Division Harvard Junction to Elroy), and the 
West Wisconsin Railway from Elroy to St. Paul, with the St. Paul & Pacific Railroad 
to make up its Minneapolis extension. The line is here, as it should be, treated and 
looked upon as one line, as it is so operated, advertised and fostered. It is essentially 
a great through route, and as far as the public see, know, or can feel, is but one rail- 
road. Its trains of Pullman Palace Drawing Room Sleeping cars run through 
without change twice daily between Chicago and St. Paul, and no break is made 
in the journey. We would here say this is the only road that runs Pullman Palace cars 
between Chicago and St. Paul by any route. 

Leaving Chicago from the Wisconsin Division depot of the Chicago & North- 
Western Railway, on the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, tlie route of 
its trains follows the line 
of the route we have de- 
scribed for the Green Bay 
& Lake Superior Line, as 
far as Harvard Junction, 
63 miles from Chicago ; 
thence it passes through 
Rock, Dane, Sauk, Juneau, 
Monroe, Jackson, Eau 
Claire, Dunn and St. Croix j 
counties, in Wisconsin, 
crosses the St. Croix river! 
at Hudson, and passes j 
thi'ough Washington and 
into Ramsey county, in| 
Minnesota, to St. Paul and | 
to Hennepin county, at 
Minneapolis. Along this 
line is some striking scen- 
ery — first, the beautifully 
cultivated and fertile val- 
leys of Rock county, then! 
the charming lake region* 
inDane county, and around 
the capital of the State, 
Madison ; then the broken and picturesque valley of the Wisconsin river, followed by 
the wild, weird, grand and awe-inspiring scenery along the Baraboo river and around 
that mystery, Devil's Lake; succeeded by the striking views along the valley of 
the Baraboo, and the almost mountain county of Monroe, soon left for the resin- 
ous " piney woods," with their logging camps, and streams filled with rafts or lined 
■with mills; to be again followed by the fertile wheat fields of St. Croix county, and 
the ever beautiful and romantic valley of the St. Croix river, with its "Dalles," Cas- 
tle Rock, Willow Falls, etc. ; and at last Minnesota, that lr.nd of lake and pure running 
streams. No other route can show a tithe of the attractions that are here ofTered, not 
only to the summer tourist, or the transient guest, but also to the staid business man, 
or to him " who comes to stay." Prairie and lake, valley and mountain, breezy odor- 
ous woods, and quiet vineyard and farm scenes, follow in charming succession, so that 
none can complain of sameness or monotony. To the lover of the quiet, as well as to 
him who delights in the grand and sublime, this route offers peculiar charms, and 




Lake MInnetonka, Minn.— page 90. 



18 



The North and West Illustrated. 



none pass over it once without desiring to do so not only again, but again and yet 
again, so great are its attractions. 



Koscoe, 85 miles from Chicago, we reach a pretty- 
village of 6(X) people, in Winnebago county, Illinois, 
on Rock river. Two large creeks, the North and 
South Kinikinick, here enter Rock river, and fur- 
nish a very fine water power, that, as yet, has been 
utilized but little— two flonr mills and two plow 
factories only being in operation on it. The vil- 



THE ROUTE TO ST. PAUL A^'D MINNEAPOLIS. 

We will leave the Wisconsin Division at Harvard Junction, and pass northwest- 
wardly on to the Madison Division with the through Chicago and St. Paul train. At 

public schools of the city rank high; its high school 
building, said to be the best in the State, cost 
$30,000. The city contains several large paper 
mills, agricultural implement factories, a scale fac- 
tory, wind Aiill factory, and a variety of other mana- 
factories, which, together, employ over 700 men. 
The iodo-magnesian springs are coming into note, 
by reason of their unquestioned 
remedial virtues. The springs 
are owned by a company, having 
ample capital to thoroughly de- 
velop any merits found in them. 
The country surrounding the 
city is charmingly diversified 
and highly cultivated. Rock 
river here, besides supplying 
ample water power, also fur- 
nishes fine boating and most 
excellent fishing. 

Aftoii, 98 miles from Chicago, 
is a village of 150 people, one- 
quarter of a mile from Rock 
river. It has one flour mill, one 
school and one church. 

Hanover, 104 miles from 
Chicago. This city was origi- 
nally c:illed Plymouth, after the 
town of that name in ^lassachu- 
setts. The earliest settler, a Mr. 
Janes, who gave his name to the 
city of Janesville, found a large 
sandstone rock that was easily 
worked, and out of it he bur- 
rowed a house, witli three rooms, 
and lived in it for 15 years. 
This singular and unique house 
still stands, and can be seen 
from the train as it passes uear 
the village. The village is built 
on both sides of Bass creek, 
contains about 200 people, and has two hotels— 
The Fincham and The Gilbert Houses. At thlB 
point we cross the Southeun Wisconsin Division 
of the Milwaukee & St. P.\ul Railway, and form 
the short and direct route between Chicago and 
Orford, Brodhead, Juda, Monroe, and the many 
villages tributary thereto. Close connections are 
always made here, and passengers destined for the 
above-named points should buy their tickets to 
Janesville or Haut)ver, over the Chicago & North- 
western Railway. 

Footville, 107 miles from Chicago, population, 
400. For three years this was the railway terminus, 
and at that time had a large and lucrative trade. It 
now contains two large cheese factories, good 
schools, three churches, and two hotels. An im- 
mense honey-combed rock, known as " The Queen 
. of the Prairie," is a Iqcal curiosity. 

Magnolia, 111 miles from Chicago, is a village 




Lake Mlnnetonkai MInn.-page 



lage contains one school, with three teachers; two 
churches and two hotels. Saloons, or " whisky 
shops,"' are not tolerated; liquor is not permitted 
to be sold within a mile of the village. Four miles 
east of Roscoe are seven springs, from which it is 
claimed seven varieties of medicinal mineral waters 
flow. 

Beloit, 91 miles from Chicago. Here we have a 
fine manufacturing city of 5,000 people. It is on 
Rock river, ajtorlion of the city being in Wisconsin 
and the oiherportion being in Illinois, the State line 
actually passing through the freight houses of this 
road. The society of Beloit is above the average, 
and is claimed to be so from the fact that it is a 
" college town," and the seat of fine educational 
institutions. Beloit College, founded in 184T, has 
nice professors and an average yearly attendance 
of 200 students, is the pride of the city, and has 
been designated "The Yale of the West." The 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



79 



of 300 people, and is surrounded by a rich prairie 
farming countrj'. 

Evansville, 116 miles from Chicago, has a 
population of 3,000, and is an important stage centre. 
A tri-weekly lino runs to Janksville and Union 
(which is one of the oldest towns in the State, and 
before the days of railroads was the most important 
town on the stage line between Milwaukee and 
Mineral Point), and adaUy line to Albany, 18 miles 
east. The village is built on elevated ground on 
the banks of Albues creek, and is a place of con- 
siderable manufacturing importance; a wind mill 
factory, employing 30 men ; a furniture factory, 
25 men; a boot and shoe factory, 75 men, and using 
$100,000 capital; and ten or twelve cheese factories. 
The publiic school building cost $16,000, and "The 
Seminarj'," $10,000. One public 
hall will seat 500 people. The 
Spencer House is the best h oU 1 
has 25 rooms for guests, and 
charges $2 per day. A Uel of 
railroad, some years since, occu 
pied the attention of the citi 
zens of this city, Janesvile, and 
the country between them, but 
at present no trains pass over 
the intervening space. 

Brooklyn, 122 miles from 
Chicago, has a population oi JOO 
and is in Green county, 30 miles 
from Monroe, its capital. One i 
cheese factory here makes 1 200 
lbs. of cheese daily, all of winch 
is shipped to Hull, in England, 
Belleville, Dayton, and New 
Giants are tributary, and 
reached from this point. 

Oregon, 128 miles from Chi- 
cago, formerly called Fome Cor- 
ners, is a village of 500 people, 
having one graded school, two 
churches, and one hotel. 

Syene, 133 miles from Chi- 
cago, is not an important station. 
Verona Corners and Paola are 
tributary. Lake Waulusa is 2!4 
miles distant, and affords fine 
fishing. 

Madison, 138 miles from 
Chicago. The city is pleasantly 
situated on an isthmus about three-fourths of 
a mile wide, between lakes Mendota and Monona, 
in the centre of a broad valley, surrounded by 
heights from which it can be seen at a distance of 
several miles. Lake Alendota lies northwest of the 
town, is six miles long and four miles wide, with 
clean gravelly shores, and a depth sufficient for navi- 
gation by steamboats. Lake Monona is somewhat 
smaller. A great many efforts have been made 
to depict the beauties of the location; but no words 
can convey an adequate idea of what is, indeed, 
indei:cribable. The reason of this is that every 
new point of observation creates a shifting pano- 
rama — that no two exhibit the same scenery. From 
any considerable elevation, a circuit of nearly 30 
miles in every direction is visible. Four lakes lie 
embosomed like gems, shining in the midst of 
groves of forest trees, while the gentle swells of 



the prairies, dotted over by fields and farms, lend a 
charm to ihe view which words cannot depict. 
From the dome of the Capitol to the dome of the 
State University, the whole bearing and aspect of 
the country is so changed as scarcely to be recog- 
nized as identical. On the west, the lofty peak of 
the West Blue Mound, 25 miles away, towers up 
against the sky, like a grim sentinel guarding tha 
gateway toward the setting sun, while the Interme- 
diate setting is filled in with swelling hills, majestic 
slopes, levels, and valleys of rivers and rivulets. 
Madison is the centre of a circle, whose natural 
beauties compass all that is charming to the eye, 
grateful to the senses, pleasing to the imagination, 
and, which, from their variety and perfection, never 
grow tedious or tiresome to the spectator. The 




The Dalles 



of The St. Louis, near North Paclfio 
Junction, Minn.— page 91. 

good taste of the citizens has preserved the native 
forest trees, so that its dwellings are embowered in 
green, and buried in foliage in the proper season, to 
that extent that the whole city cannot be seen. from 
any point of view. It is, in itself, unique, like its 
surroundings, and the transient traveler gains no , 
conception of the place by barely passing through it. 
Madison has many good hotels — among these we 
may confidently name The Park House, M. H. Irish, 
proprietor, and The Vilas House, P. B. Parsons & 
Co., proprietors. The Lake Side House, W. Roos, 
proprietor, on south side of Lake Monona, has one 
hundred rooms and four cottages for rent, all fitted 
up in good style. The proprietor of this house 
owns a steamboat, that plies between Madison 
proper an' I his hotel, at such hours of day ornight, 
as may best accommodate his guests. 



80 



The Noktii and Wkst Illustkated. 



The Tribune, of Chicai»o, says : 

"There is no more charmiti",' or agrq^ble route 
for suinnier travel than the one that leads hither by 
the Chicai^o & NortliW'csti rii Kailway, for it runs 
through a country rich in liuining privileges, and in 
wild natural beauty, and through towns and villages 
which are all connected, by their commercial inier- 
ests, with the Garden City, through that great life- 
giving artery, the railroad— the second home of all 
American i)C'()|)lu. The trip is short and pleasant. 
The five-hour ride is pleasantly diversified by the 
occasional stoppages at stations, the getting off or 
on of passengers, and at noon by sitti"" iown to a 
good dinner at Harvard Junction. h. en Charles 




Mineral Springs, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N. 

Dickens himself would have been satisfied with the 
cooking and appointments. You do not have to bolt 
yonr food, or amble up to a high counter and make a 
ehy, hit or miss, at a tall stool, whereon you sit to 
eat soggy doughnuts and drink inky cotToe; but you 
arc sealed comfortably, your order is quickly filled, 
and your food is excellent. * • » • But we 
have arrived at Madison. We are running smoothly 
between two lakes apparently, for water, water, is 
everywhere. There is a shore, dimly outlined with 
houses and trees, a great stretch of blue, rippling 
water, and a compact iittle town, built around a 
beautiful park, with a Slate House of surpassing 
bounty; for this is the capital of Wisconsin, the 
political centre. 



"One. of the loveliest drives here is that which 
leads through the grounds of the Slate University — 
a prominent and elegant building. This drive ia 
tliu pet resort of residents and tourists, giving ex- 
quisite views of three diU'erent lakes, a full and 
Cijmplete panorama of the town, and looking down 
on the stately white dome of the Capitol, from 
which it ascends in a straight and direct line for 
one mile. 

'■ A very popular place of resort for pleasure ia 
the Lake Side Hotel, just across Lake Monona— the 
second and most beautiful of the lakes. A pretty 
little propeller runs every fifteen minutes from the 
city, and lauds passengers a few yards from the 
hotel. The grounds are 
spacious, highly cultivated, 
and devoted entirely to 
the amusement of guests. 
There is a large concerts 
ball, where the Madison 
Band discourses sweet inu 
sic, and visitors sit arounc 
at small tables and drink 
lemonade or beer. The 
house is large and commo- 
dious. 

"The lakes here abound 
in choice fish, — pickerel, 
bass, pike, perch, and 
whitefish. Men and wo- 
men make it a business to 
go out trolling for fi^h. 
'J hey sit in the boat and 
row about gently, lettiui 
the line drag after, with it 
nu tallic spoon whirling i 
the clear water, and entit 
ing silly fish to their cruel 
end. * * * ■» 

"The broad full mooi 
has risen, and is lookin; 
down on the silent, sleep- 
ing town. It is midnight. 

■ The white houses gleam 

through the green foliagf 
in serene beauty. The fair 
white dome, with its man} 
panes, rises far above its 
less aspiring neighbors, 
and peers, white and 
solemn, cut of its fair, 
green setting. Far away, 
W. Ry.— page 96. ^^^ ^^^^ waters roll then- 

endless volume of sound. From across Lake Mo- 
nona come" the "tune-turn" of the band, at its 
last tune. It is not more musical than the harmo- 
nious blending, softened by distance, of the 
cricket's chirp and the frog's croak. Good-bye, 
pretty lakes ! Good-bye, Madison, sitting like a 
queen on your green hills in the moonlight." 

Mendota, 113 miles from I'hicago. is the station 
for the Wisconsin hospital for the insane, which ig 
located half a mile from the station, on the shore of 
Lake Mendota. 

Waunakee, 148 miles from Chicago, is a village 
of 300 people, in Dane county. 

Dane, 153 miles from Chicaeo, also in Dane 
county, is a small German village. 



The Chicago & NoRXH-WESTEKisr Railway. 



81 



Ixxli, 15S miles from Chicago. This village, of 
1,600 population, is in Columbia county, which was 
organized in 1840, and has a population of 29,000. 
The county seat is at Portage, a city of 5,000 people, 
18 miles from Lodi, and reached by daily stage. 
Ci-yslal lake, a beautiful body of water, one mile 
square, is five miles distant, and is reached by a 
pleasant road. Spring creek runs through the vil- 
lage of Lodi, and furnishes excellent water power, 
which is utilized by two large flouring mills. Poy- 
nette, 10 miles, and P/-aJne du Sac, 10 miles distant, 
are reached by stage daily; fare to either place, 50 
cent?. Lodi has a brick school house, that cost 
$15,000; four churches, a large broom factory, a 
cheese factory, and two good hotels. 

Okee, 161 miles from 
Chicago. An unlmpoitant 
station. 

Merrimac, 164 miles 
from Chicago. This vil- 
lage, the county seat of 
Sauk county, Is built on an 
■elevated bluff on Wiscon- 
sin river, (which is here 
crossed by the railroad 
on a bridge that cost 
$103,000). It has 200 peo- 
ple, two hotels, good 
schools and churches, and 
Ji fine trade with surround- 
ing country. Prairie du 
Sac and Sauk City are trib- 
utary. Palfrey's and Dor- 
wood's Gorges, four miles 
distant, are worth visiting. 

Devil's Lake, 1T2 miles 
•oni Chicago. Prominent 
"•mong the summer resorts 
of the Northwest stands 
the Devil's Lake, in Sauk 
•county. Wis., 36 miles 
north of Madison. It is 
xeached directly by two 
daily linos of palace car.-', 
that leave Chicago morn- 
ing and night, and stop in 
front of the hotel that has 
"been opened for the use 
of the summer tourists 
who Hock to the place. 

The blufls of the Wisconsin, at the point where 
the Baraboo river embouches into the valley, are 
600 feet in heigiit. In the midst of this enormous 
Tocky stratum is a deep fissure or gorge, depressed 
over four hundred feet from the surface, hemmed 
in by mighty precipices, which constitute the basin 
of a body of water about a mile and a half in length 
by a half mile in breadth, known as Devil's Lake. 
It reposes like a dewdrop in its mighty casket, 
and from its profound depths reflects the v.ark 
shadows of the beetling crags that environ it. The 
level of the waters is one hundred and ninety feet 
Above the Wisconsin river, and it is supposed that 
the bottom reaches below that of the river. There is 
not in the West a sample of as bold, rugged and 
striking scenery, or any more pleasing to the tourist. 
A two hours' ride on the cars from Madison will 
iland the visitor upon the shore, and a small steam- 



er will give him every opportunity for exploration. 
The whole section is wild and full of interest. 

The lake is one of the most wonderful and ro- 
mantic spots in existence, and nothing to compare 
with it can be seen east of the Rocky Mountains. 
It has an abiding attraction for tourists, who return 
to it again and again, to admire and enjoy it, to 
wonder at it, and to puzzle over it. Here, ages ago, 
probably some terrible internal convulsion rent the 
earth's surface, and piled various strata of rock, of 
immense 6:ze, from 300 to 600 feet high, and dis- 
posed it in every conceivable fantastic form. 
Within the basin thus made lies nestled a beautiful, 
placid lake of clear, pure water, which reflects on 
its mirror-like surface the rugged and awe-inspiring 




Trout Falls, Sparta, Wis., on C. & N.-W. Ry.— page 07. 



barriers which environ it. It has no visible inlet 
or outlet. It abounds in fish. Increasing numbers 
of tourists include it in their round, now that it has 
become so easily accessible by rail. 

This beautiful body of water is surrounded with 
precipitous mountains on every side, except at two 
points, one being at the southern end, where the 
railroad enters the lake ba'^in, and the other at the 
northern end, where the railroad finds exit from the 
basin of the lake. On every side of the lake you 
see "rock piled on rock" in every conceivable form, 
and in immense columns, pillars, piles and masses 
of very great magnitude and height. The railroad 
runs along the shore of the lake on a bed that was 
literally blasted out of the sides of the mountain. 
From the car windows all the beauties of this won- 
derful and weirdly mysterious region can readily 
be seen. 



82 



TiiK North and Wesi Illustrated. 



We copy the following letter, a;* it cives the views 
of one who was last year nt this delightful sum- 
mer resort, unci who was so much pleased, that he 
wrote, liopiiig it would induce others to go there, 
and enjoy what the writer had already experienced : 

"Call this satisfaction. The north corner of a 
light, cool gallery, from which, in the third story of 
thu Swiss hotel, il is literally one step into a young 
wood, whose dancing shadows almost play upon 
this page, and at whose feet lie scattered bowlders 
from the shattered rocky wall of the height that 
shuts the view, two rods from my chamber window. 
This in the rear. The other hand shows a blue 
lake, crisping and brilliant in the wind that sweeps 
from the west, cleft straight for the Cliff House, 
setting every fibre of the slim young poplars and 







Perch Lake, Sparta, Wis., on C. Sl N.-W. R'y.— page 97 

black oaks astir, while the nervous willows tingle 
in a shivering delight down on the sand. If one 
could make you feel the brightness, the delight, of 
this late summer morning, that here wears the fresh- 
ness of spring, there would be a hegira of linen coats 
and straw hats for Devil's Lake that would make 
the Chicago & North-Wcstern Railway glad. It is 
good.fortune to catch the up-train one minute be- 
fore starting, and go rolling otron the smooth track 
of the North-Western Railway, through the rich 
valley of Rock river, green and golden after the 
rains, in the splendor of harvest, where the glassy 
lights ou the varnished oak boughs glitter for miles 
of sloping woodland ; past the embowered dome at 
HadisoD, where everything wears holiday air, and 
the wide, cool lakes tempt one for a day and a week 
to And the certainty that this cai)ital is one of the 
loveliest towns for summer-faring, West or Ea^^t, 
with its gardens and sails, and beiintiful girls, and 



fnn-loving people. But I had it in heart to see thlB 
lake among the Wisconsin hills, which had been 
neighbor for ten years, and yet I had to come from 
the seaboard to visit after all. One good American 
wasn't going away from home forever, without 
knowing something about Wisconsin's blue-green 
woods, and strange, isolated cliffs, and mysterious 
lakes, and seeing them at their loveliest, in this 
burning summer, never perhaps to look upon them 
again. I did not know Wisconsin was so beautiful. 
" It gave one a happy heartbreak to ride through 
that region of bluff, and oak slope, and pointed 
knolls, that the railroad opens up on either side, 
after leaving the little station of Dane, beyond 
Madison. There is a fullness of sunshine here, a 
strength in the light, with which hazy Eastern sum- . 
mers do not compare ; and 
there seemed such boldness 
in each wind-turned hill, and 
the gallant woods glittered 
and flung their crests like 
the staunch regiments that 
did honor to the State, till 
the pleasant countrj- seemed 
glad in its own luxuriance. 
Was there a glamour in the 
eyes that looked, or will 
somebody say that airy 
bridge across the Wiscon- 
sin, beyond Lodi — over 
which the train runs at foot 
ji.ice, giving passengers time 
lo mark the meeting of two 
>treams, whose banks were 
« ild with young, bright for- 
r>t— is not a pretty picture f 
The wind-w»k af the plains 
begins here in i*i<«ature. It 
has rounded, pointed and 
smoothed off the sand-hills 
in odd, isolated pinnacles 
and domes, that rise beyond 
the line of woods crowding 
to the water's edge, accent- 
ing a scene that would be 
fair to linger over, if it had 
only the slight, high bridge 
spanning a gulf of green, 
cleft by broad, clear water- 
beds, whose very sand-bars the water-beech and wil- 
low have turned into beauty. The town of Lodi, 
which dates from ante-railroad times, looks like a 
New England village set among bluffy hills and 
smothered in orchards and gardens. The railroads 
have changed the air of interior towns much for the 
better. Farming in a small way was running itself 
out, and all the industries that depended on it; but 
the road gave things a smart fillip, and knocked 
them into shape again. The low element that fol- 
low^ railways has hardly had time to put in an ap- 
pearance, or else has been sent straight back again. 
Tliegroupsaboutthestationswereof pretty, bright- 
eyed girls, cheery gossips, in trim seersucker and 
white cuffs, waiting to see a friend, and easy-goers 
reading the Chicago papers thrown off the train. 

" Another hour of threading the green wildemes* 
of the Wisconsin, and. as the sun was hanging low, 
the train passed a charming bit of a scene, a nook 



-r^-p^ 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway . 



97 



of vineyard between cliffs whose tops could not be 
seen, a corner of luxuriant garden, with long grape- 
trellis down the middle, and a screen of tall trees 
between it and the western height. It was an aca- 
dian picture, and the figures in summer dresses and 
light hats, strolling in happy leisure, did not injure 
the effects. We turned the comer of the cliff which 
shut out the lovely place, and the cars were run- 
ning on the very edge of a magically-clear lake, 
whose heights of tumbled bowlders were almost in 
reach from the windows on the other side. It was 
lonely and lovely beyond words. That those rich 
midland counties should hold in their heart such a 
desolate, witching mystery, was like a strain of 
Chopin in Mendelssohn's music. The loneliness 
enhanced the beauty. 

" The next minute the train 
was stopping by a platform at 
the upper corner of the lake. 
'Cliff House' was shouted, 
and a Swiss cottage, with 
bright dresses on its ample 
galleries, came to view 
through the trees. 

" Don't make the mistake of 
supposing the lake, the Cliff 
House and Baraboo are mixed 
up together; but get your 
trunks checked for Devil's 
Lake direct. Baraboo's tree- 
lined streets sleep three miles 
farther up the hills. Leaving 
trunks and checks to the pro- 
vidence of the Railway Com- 
pany, I saw the lake on one 
side, the hotel on the other, 
dropped off the train, and 
never have been sorry for 
making up my miud in half a 
minute on that matter. 

" The house is so pretty; and 
it's something to see a sum- 
mer-hotel that isn't an eye- 
sore. This ample Swiss cot 
tage, with wings and galleries 
to catch the breeze, built into 
the slope of the cliff behind, 
with croquet-ground in front, 
and just room for the rail- 
road to pass between it and 
the lake, charmingly suits 
the spot. The inmates live on the deep galleries, 
between the breeze off the lake and the rustle of 
the forest beside it, but the rooms are carefully 
provided, enough to make an after-dinner sojourn 
actually pleasant. It is such a contrast to a dozen 
or two summer-hotels East, that I could name. 
Don't I know their miseries — the hard beds, worn 
carpets, and dilapidations generally; the odious 
kero-enn; the fried potatoes— greased potatoes 
rather— and frightful pastry and pies; the pert, 
curious waiter-girls in Sunday finery the week long; 
the landlord, whose business seems to be, putting 
off till next day whatever should be done to-day; 
in fact, all the drawbacks that make people very 
glad to be at home again? Something of the sort 
I was prepared to endure, but the Swiss cottage, 
set down here in the wilderness, put all such ideas 



to rout. Its cool, clean halls and stairways; the 
casings finished through the house in varnished 
pine, that looks almost as handsome as California 
laurel or satin-wood; the dainty neatness of every 
fastidious nook and corner, do not prevent one's 
room-door from opening on fresh Brussels, and 
easy chairs, and French bedsteads. Actually, we 
have snowy toilet covers, and walnut in the bed- 
rooms, instead of much worn paint. The beds, 
lily-like and soft, don't require that one must be 
tired to death to rest on them, and the quilts are 
not of the honeycomb description. To look round 
one's room, faultless in dainty order, and think of 
the scoffling care bestowed on certain grand hoteto 
in Saratoga and by the seaside, results in unmiti- 
gated happiness for the time. The same bright and. 




Castle Rock, Sparta, Wis., on C. &, N.-W. Ry.— page 97. 



shining freshness is on everything, even to the 
hall-lamp, which delighted my eyes with its bril- 
liant neatness. But there 1 you don't perhaps deify 
immaculate housekeeping in detail to this e.xtent. 

" You can judge how finding such a dcliciously- 
comfortablc home left one's mind free to enjoy the 
scenery. People say it is like Windermere; and, if 
desolate fell, and scaur, and crag, belong to that 
region, there are enough of them here. That's the 
charm of it to me— its inten.>;e loneliness. Banks, 
500 feet high, guard it on east and west, with a 
lower cliff walling in the south, with a pass at each 
cud for the moon to rise through and the wind to 
creep in. These banks, topped with cliff, broken 
into ma I y a needle and archway, are slopes of 
disheveled bowlders, greenish-gray with lichen, 
and sparsely relieved with growth of pine and 



84 



TiiK North a.vd Wkst Illustkated. 



black oak, where it gets a shelving foothold. The 
cruirs look out of the soft woods, and faces of 
broken rock, which no kind forest can ever cover, 
keeping barren reminder of the awful upheaval 
that shattered the flery cliffs of porphyry, and 
hurled them in heaps like those of Samaria. Jn 
the crater of the mountain this lake was left, fed 
through the crevice deep down in its heart, and 
filled from unknown levels. That day of the 
Titans is over, and to-day we have this inclosed 
lake, whose sheltered air and limpid waters have 
incomparable softness. Such another place for 
invalids is not to be found in this Northern climate. 
The air at this height^-the rim of the lake is ,300 
feet above the level of the Wisconsin, I am told— 
1b always lively, always cool, yet tempered to that 




The Warner House, Sparta, Wis., on C. Sl N.-W. Ry. 

Pag* 91. 

delicious softness found on the magical shore of 
Old Plymouth, that always keeps ten degrees 
•warmer than Boston, thirty miles above; or in the 
vineyard-belt of Ohio. The water is purity itself — 
BO clear, that not a trace of sediment is left along 
the margin anywhere; and soft to that degree it 
ecems as if distilled. I can imagine no greater 
luxury in the way of bathing than to run out on 
the mile of sandbcach at either end of the lake, 
that slopes inward for rods without getting beyond 
depth, and let the waves lave one like any chrisom- 
child. The water is delicious beyond compare. 
One notices it in the wnsh-basins the first thing; 
and I never can sit in a boat here without letting a 
hand trail in the tide, that is like cleaving velvet. 
J don't wish to make any impertinent claims, or 



anything of that sort, that might disparage other 
watering-places; but the fact is that, as far as air 
and water are concerned, we have simply the best 
that is to be procured. 

" Talk of the boating on Lake Michigan, or Erie, 
or Tahoe. Here is water that one can see through 
like quartz-crystal of the clearest sort, at fifty feet 
depth. It looks the color o! hock nearest the 
shores, as boats put out in it; and the tint deepens 
till, past the half-way tree, floating down, in 175 
feet soundings, it is the deep, cKar green that tells 
of absolute purity fn any volume of water. I hope 
never to be called one of the impressible ones, but 
I am m love with this sacred lake of the DevU, and 
shall be till I die. 
" How we amuse ourselves is an open question — 
there is so much to be done and 
seen, if one goes at it in an in- 
telligtnt way. A steamer, that 
will hold about fifty chairs on 
its deck without guards, goes 
round the lake several times a 
day; and new-comers twist their 
necks under West Cliff, trying 
to get a look at the Turk's Head, 
which looks like a bust of Lin- 
coln in gray rock, ready to top- 
ple over. Rounding home, the 
boat stops at the vineyard in the 
southeast corner, where, atfcon- 
nie Kirklaud, whose grapes you 
have often tasted from paper 
boxes, a wine cellar, shaded by 
trees and crowned with vines, 
fronts the building on the lawn. 
.•\ most lovely rustic spot is this 
farm of the Kirk Brothers, who 
make it a pleasure ground for 
the region. The interval between 
East and South Cliffs, half a 
mile wide, runs back for two 
miles, inclosed by high hills; 
and in this sunny comer, with 
the warmth reflected from the 
glowing rocks of East Cliff, 
where only south and west 
winds can draw through, ripen 
acres of such grapes as you 
never dreamed of in Wisconsin. 
The grounds about the house 
are lovely and home-like ; a 
field of honeyed clover, that no 
one is afraid to walk in, shaded by high nut- 
trees and oaks; the whitewashed cottage In the 
centre, wearing a cornice of Wisconsin ivy, with 
its dark and light green trails, richer than Co- 
rinthian temple ever boasted, with grape-roofed 
arbors, standard roses in basket trellises of rustic 
work, the wine-press and bee-hives, the straw-racks 
and dove-cote appearing through the trees, with 
their feet in the perfect sea of blossoming clover; 
a picture of farm-house plenty and adornment that 
a pott would revel in. Back of the orchard slopes 
the vim yard, trimly kept, and richly green at pres- 
ent; but nearer is a tunnel of foliage, the great 
grape arbor, three hundred feet long, and the largest 
in the State, before the railroad cut away half its 
length. Enough is left to give the place an Old- 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



85- 



World look, as if it were a homestead in France; 
and one half expects to see a girl in a scarlet kirtle 
and high cap come out to complete the picture. 

" Oue would think artists would make this a 
favorite haunt. If softest sky, bold forms, and 
porphyritic colors of rock, set off by chanLring 
forest and fair reach of bending lake, are worth 
anything to artist-", they can fii;d them here. 

" It is a night of cool, delicious cloud as I finish 
this. There has been breezing on the balconies, 
music and Chicago Are in the parlor, and, earlier 
in the evening, ]adies,-gentlemen, and all the child- 
ren not in bed, were down iu the billiard room." 

During the summer season ferns are here found 
In great abundance, and in equally great variety. 
In the fall, autumn leaves in all tlieir glory of crim- 
8on, scarlet and gold, are gathered. 

Baraboo, 175 miles from 
Chicago. Here are the head- 
quarters and offices of the 
Superintendent of the Madi- 
Bon Division, which extends 
from Harvard Junction to 
Winona. The city is built 
on both sides of the Baraboo 
river, and contains about 
4,000 people. It is a place of 
large trade and important 
manufactures ; contains many 
fine residences, business 
blocks, school houses, one of 
which cost $10,000, and 
churches; a woolen mill, a 
furniture factory, flour mills, 
6aw mills, and foundries, em- 
ploy over 400 men. Three 
ioiels accommodate the 
transient guest as well as the 
summer tourist. Sauk county 
has many Indian mounds, 
caves, gorges, etc., which can 
be reached from this point 
by carriage. Sauk City, 6 
miles, and Prairie du Sac, 
can be reached daily by 
stage. Tlie Narrows of the 
Baraboo, 9 miles west. The 
Dalles of the Wisconsin, 14 
miles distant, and ThePewiVs 

Nest, on Skillet creek, are romantic places accessi- 
ble from Baraboo. For many years this was the 
home of the lamented Icabod Codding, and here 
may yet be found many of his devoted adherents. 

Kirkwood, 178 miles from Chicago, is an unim- 
portant station. 

North Freedom, 181 miles from Chicago, is on 
the north side of Baraboo river, has a population of 
200, and is noted for the fine quality of the maple 
sugar that U made here in great abundance. Hops 
are a staple article of farm produce in this vicinity. 

Ablnman'8, 184 miles from Chicago. This vil- 
lage, with a population of 40), is by the inhabitants 
called Rock Spring, and is so named from the many 
springs of pure cold water that is found flowing 
from crevices in the rock along the banks of the 
Baraboo river. The station was named after Col. 
8. V. R. Ableman, who was especially prominent 
in assisting in building the road through this wild 



valley. In the village are agood graded school, two 
churches, a stave and heading factory, employing 
20 men; a flour mill and a saw mill, each employing 
10 men, and one hotel. The country near the rail- 
way is broken, but beyond it is level and highly 
cultivated. 

Keedsburg, 191 miles from Chicago. This is an 
important city of some 3,000 people, located in the 
midst of the " hop region " of Wisconsin, and con- 
trolling most of that trade. Ironton, six miles 
west, has iron mines that have been worked for 
many years. Cazenovia, 10 miles west, has large 
iron f urnices. Logansville, eight miles south, and 
Spring Green, 20 miles south, are reached semi- 
weekly by stage. In the city are six churches, one 
newspaper, good schools, and two hotels. 

La Valle, 198 miles from Chicago. Ironton, Z- 




The Buttes," near Winona, Minn.— page 98. 

miles; Valton, 10 miles west; Lime Ridge, 6 miles 
south; Sandusky, 12 miles south; Loyd, 18 miles 
southwest; Rockbridge, 20 miles southwest, and 
Sentinel, 7 miles north, are tributary, and reached 
by stage. 

WonoTvoc, 205 miles from Chicago, is in Juneaa 
county, 16 miles from Mauston, the county seat. 
The surrounding country is broken and covered 
with timber, but ofl'ers fine hunting to the sports- 
man. Deer are abundant, and bears are not unfre- 
quently shot. The population of the village num- 
bers about 600; it has one hotel, one school, and 
one church. 

Union Centre, 208 miles from Chicago, has a 
population of 200, and is on the headwaters of the 
Baraboo river. Mausfon, the couuty seat, a village 
of 1,000 people, is 14 miles east. Spring Valley, 
West Lima, Rorkton, Ilillsboro' , population about 
800, Ontario and TrippviUe are tributary, and are 



86 



The North anj) West Illustrated. 



reached from this station. To Flillshoro' there is a 
doable daily stage line, that meets all passenger 
trains. 

Elroy, 212 miles from Chicago. This is com- 
paratively a new place, it having grown only since 
the completion of this portion of the railroad to the 
junction with the West Wisconsin Raii.w.vy here 
in ]H~2. In August, 1872, when the flrst train 
reached this point, about lOO persons claimed it as 



their home; to-day it has over 1,200, and is a bust- 
ling, thriving place. It has twenty-five business 
houses, two grain elevators, one public school, 
three public halls, three churches, one newspaper, 
sawmills, flour mills, and some manufactures; also 
five hotels, that, together, can comfortably accom- 
modate 225 guests, at rates varying from $1 to $2 
per day. The United Brethren maintain the Elroy 
Seminary, which has 90 students. 



THE WEST WISCONSIN RAILWAY. 

This new line of railway commences at Elroy, and forms the northern end of the 
through route we are describing. While entirely distinct in ownership from the 
Chicago & North- Western Railway, it is so closely identified with it in its through 
business and connections, that it is recognized and treated here as an intimate ally. 
Its most important points are — 



Camp Douglas, 225 miles from Chicago. 

Wisconsin VaUey Junction, 237 miles from 
Chicago, where it has connections with the Wis- 
consin Valley Railkoad, and secures rail con- 
nections for Ttoma/t, 13 miles west; Centralin^9.n<l 
the important lumbering city of Wausau, together 
with several smaller points east. 

Itlack River Falls, 205 miles from Chicago. 
The earliest account we have of white settlements 
on Black river, becomes almost traditionary when 
details are sought after. Enough is known, how- 
ever, to assert safely that sometime during the 
year 1818 or 1819, an expedition was fitted out at 
Prairie do Chien. under the direction of one Rolette, 
then a prominent trader at that point which suc- 
ceeded in reaching the present site of the village of 
Black River Falls, and erecting a small saw mill on 
Town creek. 

Whether the expeditionists proposed to locate per- 
manently at the " Falls," cannot be ascertained, but 
whatever their intentions may have been, they were 
prematurely frustrated by the Winnebago Indians, 
who burned the mill before it was fairly in opera- 
tion, and drove the lumbermen off down the river. 

Here it might be proper to state, that the territory 
bordering on and contiguous to Black river, then 
belonged to the Indians, who did not cede their 
right to it until IKJH. The Winnebagoes claimed to 
own the land from the east fork of Black river, east 
to the Wisconsin river, west to Beef slough upon 
the Mississippi river; thence south to the mouth of 
the Wisconsin river. On the east side of the last 
named river, were located the Meuomonee Indians, 
with whom the Winnebagoes intermarried and 
fraternized generally. North of the territory 
claimed by the Winnebagoes, were the Chippewas, 
occupying a vast extent of country, bounded on the 
west by the Mississippi river, and by Lake Superior 
on the north. 

From the time that Rolette's expeditionists were 
driven off the river, there was no attempt to efi'ect 
a settlement at the " Falls " until late in the spring 
of 1839, (the Indians having the year before ceded 
to the Government all the lands on Black river 
claimed by them), when an expedition was organ- 
ized at Prairie du Chien for a permanent settlement 
and the improvement of the water-power at Black 
River Falls. 

The hotels are— The Jones, The Popham, The 



Albion, The Falls House, and The Black River 
House. The population of the city is about 3,000. 
It is the county seat of Jackson county, and enjoys 
a large trade with the surrounding country and the 
adjacent lumber regions. 

Green Bay Junction, or MerriUan, 276 miles 
from Chicago, is t\e point of crossing the Green 
Bay & Minnesota Railroad, as we have stated 
elsewhere. 

Augiista, 298 miles from Chicago, is a pretty 
village of over 1,000 people, and is growing rapidly. 

Eau Claire, 320 miles from Chicago, is the 
capital of Eau Claire county, and is built at the 
confluence of the Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers. 
It enjoys the larger portion of the vast lumbering 
trade of the Chippewa Valley, and is rapidly ex- 
tending its trade into more distant fields. 

Among the many flourishing cities and villages 
of the Northwest, few, if any, are just now attract- 
ing more attention than the city of Eau Claire. 
The approach to it, either by rail, or by almost all 
of the dozen highways leading hither, is not calcu- 
lated to prejudice the traveler in its favor. Envi- 
roned, as it is, for several miles on every side, by 
sandy plains or sloping hills, which are verdant and 
pleasant enough in the summer, as they are covered 
with a slender growth of young trees, but unpro- 
ductive, in fact, almost sterile in the way of con- 
tributing to human wants generally, or to commer- 
cial staples, the visitor, when he flrst beholds, from 
some adjacent elevation of land, this cluster of 
pretty villages, situated at the confluence of the 
Chippewa and Eau Claire rivers, nestling along and 
between their banks, at the base of the low, pic- 
turesque blue's, between which lies the head of the 
lower Chippewa Valley;— when he sees the numer- 
ous steam mills with their tall chimneys, from 
which roll volumes of dense smoke and steam; — 
the streets, broad and straight, some bordered by 
large business houses, others by magnificent resi- 
dences of brick, stone and wood, which rise amid 
gardens redolent with beauty and perfume ;— when 
he notices the proud temples of learning, the nu- 
merous churches with their towering spires, and 
the spacious hotels, all showing the foot-prints of 
highest civilization, the visitor is astonished and 
electrified at beholding the contrast presented by 
this wealth and beauty, to the cheerless region 
which he has traversed to reach them. 



The Chicago & North-Westekn" Railway. 



87 



A United States Senator, when first visiting thia 
place, after coming over the uninviting stage road 
from Black Kiver Falls, before the railroad was 
built, to address the people on the political situa- 
tion of 1871, was so delighted with the sudden 
change, and the charming loveliness of the scene 
before him, as from the slope of the hills which 
bound the city on the east, he caught the first 
glimpse of the sequestered metropolis of Chippe- 
wa's rich valley, that he compared it "to the ec- 
static emotions of Mahomet, when, dust-begrimmed 
and weary with the long march over Arabia's 
dreary wastes, he first beheld the gorgeous splendor 
of Damascus, its proud domes and lofty minarets, 
glittering in the summer sun with gold and sapphire, 
and declared that heaven could never be more to 
him, for he now saw and felt all 
that his imagination had ever 
pictured of that celestial abode." 

The hotels are— The Williams, 
The Niagara, The Brittons, and 
TheEau Claire. 

A correspondent says of Eau 
Claire : " This enterprising little 
■ city situated ou the Chippewa 
river, At its junction with the 
Eau Claire, is the most prosper 
ous inland city in the State. It 
is at the head of navigation on 
the Chippewa, and is compo ed 
of three towns, viz: North, Ea^t 
and West Eau Claire, incoipD 
rated under the name of Eiu 
CFaire City. North Eau Cluic 
is situated on the point of land 
between the two rivers, iu t 
above their junction. East and 
West Eau Claire are situated 
just below the junction, on op 
posite sides of the river. The 
three towns are connected by 
bridges. The situation of Eau 
Claire is highly picturesque and 
healthful. Its public buildinsrfe 
are very commodious, and are 
built in good style, and it h is 
considerable manufactures. The 
city is connected with a very 
extensive back country, which is well adapted to 
agriculture, although that interest is not very well 
developed as yet. The building of the West Wis- 
consin Railroad, which passes through the city, 
has been of material benefit to the agricultural 
interests. In 1857, the spot where the city now 
stands, was a mass of underbrush. Where now is 
heard the busy hum of machinery, and the rush and 
bustle of manufacturing life, all was silent^ save 
the occasional croaking of a bull-frog, or the 
mournful call of the whip-poor-will. Few would, 
at that time, have believed that it would ever attain 
to its present importance." 

Seven churches, and four fine school houses, 
speak well for the intelligence and enlightenment 
of the place. 

The United States Land office, which is located 
here, serves to bring thousands to this point who 
wish to locate government lands. 

The population now numbers about 12,000, and is 



rapidly increasing as new interests develop and as 
capital accumulates. 

A noted place, and one worthy of the tourist's 
attention, is "The Dalles," which can readily be 
reached from Eau Claire. 

Running from Eau Claire, up the valley of the 
river, is the CnrppEWA Fails & Western Rail- 
road, built to connect Eau Claire with the city of 
Chippewa Falls, 12 miles distant. 

Chippewa Falls. A stranger, to look over the 
present city of Chippewa Falls, could hardly realize 
the fact that until a comparatively short time since, 
Indian wigwams stood, and Indian councils were 
held on the very spot where handsome brick blocks 
are now erected; that on the site of the Union Lum- 
bering Company's store and office, where $400,000 




Wlnona> Minn., from the Bluffs.— page 98. 

worth of merchandise is sold, and business to the 
amount of $1,500,000 is done, the Sioux and Chip- 
pewas, in 1850, were drawn up in martial array. 

Few places in the Union present better prospects, 
or have a brighter future. With a population of 
over six thousand, which is being constantly added 
to ; with the best and most unlimited water-power 
in the world ; with a quantity of enterprising, go- 
ahead business men, pushing matters along, it can- 
not fail to have a population of twenty-five or thir- 
ty thousand in another ten years. 

A Trip to the Falls. 

" It was m the evening that the journey was 
taken, and when the noble bridge, which spans the 
Chippewa river at this point, was reached, the full 
autumn moon, that had made only an hour's travel 
from the horizon toward the zenith, sent its rayi 
aslant tlie earth and water, forming a picture inde- 
scribably grand. The falls of the Chippewa ar« 



88 



Thk Noktii and West Iija'stkated. 



just above the bridge. The waters came roaring 
down, catcliin^, and widening, and lengtlieninglhe 
moonbuanis, then danced a.^ ay in white-capped 
waves, that glistened and sparkled, till suddenly- 
lost among the Bhadows, and replaced by others 
just as varied and beautiful. It is worth a day's 
travel to view the falls of the Chippewa by moon- 
light. 

"The city is fitnated on the west bank of the 
Chippewa, on a succession of low hills, rising grad- 




The Falls of MInneopa, Minn.— page 101 

aally backward from the river. It is noted for the 
immense water power, there being a full of some 
twenty-six feet in three-fourths of a mile, over a 
rocky bottom; also for being the heart of the valu- 
able lumber bu-iness of the Chippewa Valley. A 
fine view of the city may be obtamcd from the 
Catholic Church. This edifice is reached by a 
series of steps, ascending through a side-hill grove 
of magnificent pines to a level table land, lying on 
the north bank of Duncan creek." 

The hotels are : The Waterman, and The Cen- 
tral, on Bridge street, and The Cardinal, on Hiver 
street. 



Menomonec, .34.3 miles from Chicago, is the 
capital of Dunn county, and is situated on the east 
bank of I'led Cedar river. It has over 2,0C0 popula- 
tion, and large manufacturing and lumbering inter- 
ests. Its hotels are : The Menomonee, The Mer- 
chants, and The Central. 

Baldwin, 309 miles from Chicago, is anew town 
with some 250 inhabitants. 

Hammond, 372 miles from Chicago, is also a 
new town, and has over 1,000 people residing in it. 
At NoBTH Wisconsin Junc- 
tion the North Wisconsin 
li.MLROAD leaves the main 
line and runs northward to- 
wards Lake Superior, is built 
out about 40 miles, and 16 
miles above the junction is the 
city of New HicinioNU, with 
about 1,200 residents. 

Hudson, 3?0 miles from 
(liicago; is a city of some .3,000 
inhabitants, the county seat of 
St. Croix county, and built on 
Lake St. Croix. The largest 
Mississippi steamers ascend 
ilie St. Croix river to this 
point. Twelve miles south- 
east is Kinnickinnick river, 
yielding the finest brook trout, 
not only in the main stream 
but on the north and south 
forks. Tiffanij Creek also 
abounds with brook trout. 
Baf:s Lake, 8 miles northeast, 
furnishes excellent bass fish- 
ing. Four miles from the sta- 
tion is Willow Jiiver with its 
beautiful falls, which rival 
those of the noted Minnehaha. 
Taylor's Falls, at thfe head of 
t he Dallas, and St. Croix Falls, 
are worthy of a visit. Osaola 
Mills, having medicinal 
springs and good hotels, is 
reached by steamer in the 
summer and by stiige in the 
winter. River Falls, 12 miles 
southeast, is a thriving vil- 
lage of 2.000 inhabitants, and 
has a Korinal school with 400 
students, that is second to no 
Xormal school of its kind in 
the West. Pleasant Valley^ 
14 miles, Woodside, 18 miles, 
Brookville, 26 miles, Lucas, 
40 miles, Somerset, 15 miles, and Ellsworth, 25 
miles, are reached by stage lines. 

Jiich Lands at Low Rates. 
The West Wisconsin Railway have their gen- 
eral oflkcs here, and at their land oflice the pros- 
pective emigrant can buy any quantity of land 
he may desire, as the company have a million 
or more acres along its line to sell. The city is 
well built, h;is excellent schools, fine churches, a 
county court house, town hall, many manufac- 
tures, and eleven hotels, one of which is unusually 
good. The surrounding country is very bcauti- 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



89 



ful, and is full of fine drives, pretty falls and pictur- 
esque scenery. The lake and river furnish admi- 
rable boating and fishing. Several yachts are owned 
here, and annually its yacht club has a regetta. 
Rock Falls, close by, is an unfailing source of pleas- 
ure, not only in the summer, but in the winter as 
well. Game abounds in the woods ;and prairies 
surrounding Hudson, and can always be had in 
quantities sufficient to please and repay the most 
exacting sportsman. A branch line runs from here 
to Stillwater, with its population of 5,000, higher 
up the river, (see Lake Superior & Mississippi 
Railway). 7%e Dalles of the St. Croix are still far- 
ther up, and will at any time amply repay the visitor 
for the time spent in reaching them. 

Four hundred and nine miles from Chicago we 
reach St. Paul, the capital of the State of Minne- 
sota, and a city that has become almost world-re- 
liowned for the push, " vim" and energy of its peo- 



prairie, or on some of the beautiful lakes which 
form the characteristic charm of the city surround- 
ings. 

Pleasure Resorts. 

There are numerous resorts in and within a few 
miles of St. I'aul and Minneapolis, and easy of 
access. The numerous lakes, with their sylvan as- 
sociations, form the most prominent charm of the 
rural landscape. They are scattered in chains, or 
groups, or isolated gems, all over the State, forming 
an immense system of reservoirs, which serves a 
valuable purpose as a guarantee against drouths. 
Here hotel accommodations are ample and rea- 
sonable. 

A few miles from St. Paul, close to the base of 
the almost perpendicular eandstone bluffs, and 
across the Mississippi, in full view of the scenery 
up and down the river, is Meudota, the oldest town 




Minneopa Palls, In the Winter.— page I O I , 



pie, and for its admirable climate and hcalthfulness. 
In its topographical features and surroundings, St. 
Paul is one of the most beautiful cities of the con- 
tinent. Its site is a series of four plateaux rising 
in regular gradation from the river, of which the 
first, originally a low bottom, friuging the river for 
miles, forms the levee, and is occupied by ware- 
houses, railroad tracks, depots and offices, in front 
of the city ; the second and third, with but slight 
difference in their elevation, about half a mile in 
width, and stretching for miles to the southwest 
along and above the river, form the main ex- 
panse, on which the business and much of the resi- 
dence portion of the city rests ; while the green 
Blope of the highest encircles this bu.'^y scene of 
metropolitan life and energy like a ring of hills, 
which are surmounted with many elegant and state- 
ly residences ; while beyond them, stretches by far 
the most beautiful residence portions of the city, 
with fine avenues emerging upon the smooth, green 



in this State— a small village, which is said to be 
inhabited by almost every color, shade and nation- 
ality of mankind, and in many cases, a mixture of 
two colors and races in one. Across, or over, the 
St. Paul and Sioux City Kailway track, and Fort 
Snelling appears in full view— located upon a com- 
manding eminence at the confluence of the Minne- 
sota (St. Poter)and Mississippi rivers. The scene- 
ry on the rivers at this point is exceedingly pictur- 
esque and romantic. The white-faced sandstone 
bluffs along the banks of the rivers, with the charm- 
ing landscape in either direction, afford a scene of 
great beauty and interest. 

There arc points of interest about here which are 
worth visiting, but too numerous to mention in de- 
tail. A short distance above Meeker's Island, 
close by the roadside, a small stream, from the 
springs and lakes of the back country, leaps from 
the limestone rock about forty feet to the bed of 
the Mississippi. It is known as "Winter Queen," 



90 



The North and West Illustrated. 



and it is a mo«t beautiful, pparkling cagcadc, which 
delights every one who vii^its it. On about three 
miles further, and the traveler is at the celebrated 
" Falls of Minnehaha,"— Laughing Water. These 
falls are formed by a little stream of remarkable 
purity and clearness, the outlet of lakes Minneton- 
ka, Calhoun, Amelia, and I{ice. In its course to 
the Mississippi, at a distance of nearly a mile from 
it, the stream makes a perpendicular leap of fifty- 
nine feet, the transparent water foaming and 
sparkling like diamonds in the sunlight. It has a 
correct proportion of volume to height and breadth; 
In winter it is covered with pyramids and columns 
of ice ; in summer a perpetual rainbow is seen ; its 
fall creates a cheerful music ; it is surrounded by 
pleasing natural scenery on all sides. Inscribed 




MankatOi Minn.— page lOI 

on the trees, arbors, benchet^, bridges, and rocks, 
are names of tourists from all parts of our own and 
from many foreign countries, who have been here 
to see the Falls of Minnehaha, made memorable by 
Longfellow— "In the land of the Dakotas, where 
they flash and gleam among the oak trees, laugh 
and leap into the valley." 

On from Minnehaha, in view of one of the most 
magnificent natural panoramas ever beheld in any 
country, and soon in sight and hearing of the roar- 
ing and foaming cataract, the Falls of St. Anthony, 
and the massive mills and manufactories of Min- 
neapolis. Across the river, and below the Falls, 
are the beautiful little cascades— "Fawn's Leap," 
"Silver Cascade;" also the Chalybeate Springs, 
which flow out from the limestone rock on the 
bank of the river ; they are strongly impregnated 
with iron, sulphur, magnesia, and other minerals, 
and the water has proven beneficial in many cases. 



Niccolett Island, about 2,000 feet long by 700 ^vlde, 
is situated in the river, shaded by fine elm, maple 
and other native trees, and beautified by the 
residents. It is a charming retreat. Other points 
of resort here, and near here, are mentioned else- 
where. 

The best hotels of St. Paul are : The Merchants, 
The Metropolitan, The Park Place Hotel, and The 
International. 

Minneapolis. 

The city of Minneapolis, (which now includes 
within its corporate limits what was the city of St. 
Anthony, one of the oldest settlements west of the 
Lakes), the county seat of the wealthy and popu- 
lous county of Hennepin, possesses signal advan- 
tages, natural and artificial, which invite the atten- 
tion of all classes of settlers, 
and every variety of industry, 
and must inevitably become 
a great central point for the 
production, collection and 
distribution of the manufac- 
tured products, to supply the 
population which is rapidly 
occupying the vast extent of 
country tributary and natur- 
ally dependent on it — the 
home of a progressive people, 
and the theatre of an impor- 
tant destiny, which is plainly 
foreshadowed in what has 
already been accomplished, 
and what is projected and 
in course of accomplishment. 
It has, in a little more than 
a single decade, acquired a 
population of over thirty 
thousand people. 

A leading feature of the 
city, which is especially 
noticeable, and an attraction, 
is the chain of beautiful 
lakes, about three miles out, 
which, ere many years shall 
have elapsed, at the present 
rapid extension of the corpo- 
rate boundaries, will be within 
the city limits. Forbeautyof 
surroundings, and crystal 
clearness, one can scarcely imagine more charming 
bodies of water Wi&Q Lakes Harriet and Calfioun, 
the Lake of the Isles, and Cedar Lake, (the location 
of the Oak Grove House), while still further on, 
some fifteen miles distant. Lake Minnetonka, ap- 
proachable by railroad, and one of the largest and 
most beautiful sheets of water in the State, offers 
its charms to the visitor or resident, affording 
abundance of fish and wild fowl, and sailing and 
boating. To the oast a few miles, is that famed 
resort, While Bear Lake. Minneapolis itself has 
many features of the picturesque and beautiful, 
which call forth tributes of admiration from all who 
chance to visit it. 

The principal hotels are : The Niccolett, The 
Commercial, and Clark's. 

Cedar Lake. 
This point is four miles, by the St. Paul & Sioux 
City Railboad, from Minneapolis. On the shores 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



91 



fishing, gaming, boating, bathing, driving, and the 
neatest pleasure grounds in the Northwest, go to 
Oak Grove House, on the banks of Cedar Lake. 
The rules peculiar to this house, are these : 1. No 
liquor is allowed on the premises ; 2. Sunday is 
observed as a religious day— a day of rest ; ,3. boat- 
ing and fishing are not allovped on Sunday. It may 
be said, that near this house is a mineral spring, 
of powerful medicinal virtues. From the house 
can be seen Horseshoe and Cedar lakes, the Lake 
of the Isles, and Lakes Calhoun and Harriet. 



of the lake, and on the opposite side from the rail- 
way station, is The Oak Grove House. The 
grounds around the hotel, and belonging thereto, 
cover about one hundred acres of beautifully diver- 
sified woodland. 

The house is a fine structure, containing seventy 
rooms, and is located at Cedar Lake Station, fif- 
teen miles from St. Paul ; one hundred and twenty- 
five feet above the former, and one hundred and 
ninety-five above the latter ; from its cupola can be 
had the finest prospect in the Northwest. For 
home comforts, pure, dry air, fine scenery, good 

Connected closely with our Chicago, St. Paul & Madison Line, are several lines 
of road running from St. Paul, and over ■which we send our passengers and freight, 
and from which large return business is received. Looking towards Duluth, Bia- 
mark, or the Manitoba country, we first reach 

THE LAKE SUPERIOR & MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. 

The line of this road extends from St. Paul, the head of navigation on the Missis- 
sippi river, to Duluth, at the head of Lake Superior, a distance of 155 miles; also a 
Ijranch to Stillwater, on the St. Croix river. 



White Bear Iiake, 12 miles from St. Paul, is a 
popular summer resort, with excellent hunting, 
fishing and boating. The principal hotels are — 
Williams', Leip's, and Dunn's, which are sur- 
rounded by beautiful groves and lawns. Connec- 
tions are made here for Stillwater and Minneapolis. 

Stillwater, 24 miles from St. Paul, is situated 
on the St. Croix river, where connections are made 
with steamers for the famous " Dalles of the St. 
Croix." The principal hotel here is The Sawyer 
House. Fo7'est Lake, i^milesfrovaSt. Paul; Wyo- 
ming, 30 miles; North Branch, 42 miles; Bush City, 
64 miles; Pine City, 64 miles; Hinckley, 77 miles, 
are small towns surrounded by a fine section of 
country, and are resorted to by parties desiring 
quiet locations during the summer months, also 
by sportsmen in the fall, when deer and other game 
are abundant, the numerous lakes in the vicinity 
adding to the attractions. 

Northern Pacific Junction, 131 miles from 
St. Paul, and 24 miles from Duluth, is the point of 
connection with the Northern Pacific Railroad 
for Brainerd, Jfoorhead, Bismark, Fort Oarry, 
and all points in Montana. 

Thomson, 23 miles from Duluth, is situated 
near the head of the Dalles of the St. Louis river, 
and is the resort of tourists and pleasure seekers. 
The scenery along the river to Duluth is of a most 



varied and picturesque character, unsurpassed in 
the Northwest. 

Fond du L.ac, 14 miles from Duluth, is beauti- 
fully situated on the St. Louis river, and as a sum. 
mer resort has many attractions in scenery, hunt- 
ing and fishing. Chambers' Hotel, just completed, 
is I ieasantly located, and oflfers excellent facilities 
for summer tourists. There is a mineral spring 
here which is said to be unsurpassed for its medi- 
cinal properties. 

Duluth, the lake terminus of the road, is beau- 
tifully located on an eminence overlooking Lake 
Superior. The principal hotel here is The Clark 
House. Connections are made here with all the 
lines of steamers traversing the lakes, viz. : Beat- 
tys, Windsor and Lake Superior, (Canadian) for 
Silver Islet, Thunder Bay, Prince Arthur's Land- 
ing, Fort William, Neepigon Bay, Michepicoton 
Island, (800 feet high), on the north shore of the 
lake, and principal points in Canada; with Ward's 
Central & Pacific, Lake Superior, People's, and Du- 
luth Lake Transportation Co.'s Steamers for Bay- 
Jield, Ashland, Ontonagon, Hancock, Houghton, 
and Marquette, on the south shore of the lake ; 
also, tSault St. Marie, Mackinaw, and all points 
east, afi'ording the tourist an opportunity of visiting 
the numerous points of interest in this romantic 
and beautiful region. 



THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD, 

Is now in operation from Duluth to Bismark, Dakota, on the Missouri river, a distance 
of 450 miles. From Duluth to Brainerd, on the Mississippi river, a distance of 115 
miles, the road passes through a gently undulating country, covered with a rich forest 
growth, embracing several varieties of pine, cedar, tamarac, ash, elm, maple, oak, 
and other woods. 

Coming out from Duluth, the tourist traverses the shores of the Bay of Superior, 
St. Louis Bay, and passing up the DaUes of the St. Louis river, has in constant view for 
some 25 miles, some of the most beautiful pictures of natural scenery that can be found 
in the Northwest. 



92 



The North and Wkst Ti.lustratkd. 



From Brainerd westward, the country graduallj^ becomes more open, until, arriving 
at Detroit, some 90 miles west of the Mississippi river, the traveler finds himself in 
what has been appropriately named the Park Region of the Northwest, so called on 
account of the many picturesque parks and groves, which, with the intervening lawns, 
and undulating prairies, waving in the summer with luxuriant native grasses, and now 
dotted with the dwellings and fields of the new settler, present a beauty of landscape 
hardly surpassed by any on the continent. 

The far-famed valley of the Red River of the North, is reached at a point 120 
miles west of Brainerd. This great valley is about 40 miles wide, and some 350 miles 
long, surface generally level, well watered by numerous streams on both sides of the 



Redri'< 



T! 



■ivl.- 



'h alluvial mold, from eighteen to twenty-four 
inches deep, with retentive 
subsoil of clay, peculiarly 
ndapted for the growth of 
wheat. The Red river is the 
boundary line between Min- 
nesota and Dakota, and from 
here westward, the road 
passes for 200 miles over an 
open, undulating prairie, bro- 
ken only by the valleys of the 
Shayenne and James rivers ta 
its present terminus at Bis- 
mark, on the Missouri river. 

The Northern Pacific R. R. 
Co. have an extensive land 
grant from the Government, 
for the greater part very at- 
tractive for settlement, hav- 
ing, as expressed by a gen- 
tleman passing through the 
country, "a soil whose luxu- 
riant products prove the rich- 
est fertility ; an ample provi- 
sion of oak and other timber,^ 
growing in charming groves, 
lakes and streams aflfording abundant water privileges, in every locality. If Ceres, 
herself should seek a home for prosperous agriculture, her choice might well be here." 
To these natural attractions, the Company are adding a very liberal policy, and offer- 
ing fine inducements by low prices and easy terms for their lands, to all settlers desir- 
ing location on their line, and the country is rapidly filling up with an energetic, in- 
dustrious class of people. 

The principal towns on the road are — 
Aiken, the main point of shipment of lumber- 




Near Evanston, III.— page 103. 



men's outfits and t^iipplies, for the Upper Mississippi 
river pineries. During the season a small stcam- 
bo.it runs from here to Pokegaina Falls, a distance 
of some 150 miles. 

iJr:;incrd, on the banks of the Mississippi nver, 
Je til-; head\,i:artcr8 for the general oflBces of the 
road, and the location of the Company's shops. 
Has a good hotel, and the surrounding country 
affords fine inducements for sportsmen. The lakes 



are filled with black and rock bass, pickerel and 
pike, and in the season the woods afford fine shoot- 
ing ; deer, partridge, ducks and geese are found in 
abundance. The town now has a population of 
about 1,000. 

It is the point of junction with the St. Paul <fc 
Pacific K. R., now built and rnnning from St. Paul 
to SL Cloud, now connecting here by daily stage 
line from St. Cloud. 

Also, a stage connection and mail route north. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



93 



to Leech Lake Indian Agency, Wadena, a thriving 
young village, with stage counectious to Long Prai- 
rie, Todd Co., Parker's Prairie, and Alexandria. 

Perhain, a rapidly growing village of some 600 
inhabitants, supported by rich agricultural sur- 
roundings, with stage connections to Utter Tail 
City, Fergus Falls, and Campbell, on the St. Paul 
«fc Pacific K. R. 

Frazer City, a thriving place of but few months' 
:growth, with a fine saw and grist mill, in the midst 
of a good agricultural country, and now opening 
Toads for connection with Otter Tail City and Fer- 
gus Falls. 

Detroit, the county seat of Becker county, near 
the shores of Detroit Lake, of Minnesota, one of 
the finest sheets of water on the road, and on the 
borders of the " Park Region," having about 1,200 
inhabitants, mostly New England people, is already 
"becoming a popular place of resort by those who 
admire beautiful scenery, and enjoy the sports of 
hunting and fishing. 

From here stage connections are made with the 
White Earth Indian 
Jteservation on the 
north, and south- 
ward through the 
Pelican Valli-y to 
Fergus Falls, and 
Campbell, on the 
St. Paul & Pacific 
Railroad. 

Audubon, and 
Lake Park, in 
Becker county, and 
Hawley, in Clay 
county, are thriv- 
ing young villages, 
supported by the 
trade of the sur- 
rounding rich agri- 
cultural country, 
-and are becoming quite important wheat shipping 
points. 

Glyndon, located in the Red River Valley, is the 
point of crossing of the Pembina Branch of the St. 
Paul & Pacific R. R., now built and running north 
60 miles to the Red Lake river, there connecting 
by boat to Fort Garry. 

Moorhead, on the east bank of the Red river, 
A bustling, active town of several hundred people, 
with a large grist mill, having a daily capacity for 




The Seminary, Lake Forest, 



600 bushels of grain, fine church and school build- 
ings; is already attracting settlement by its sure 
promise of continued growth. 

Fargo, on the west bank of the Red river, in 
Dakota, .tlie county seat of Cass county, has the 
shops and engine houses of the Company for the 
Dakota Division, one of the best and largest hotels 
in the Northwest, outside of St. Paul, a fine brick 
court house, costing $5,000, stores, grain ware- 
houses, lumber yards, etc. , and is developing a large 
trade with the rapidly increasing settlement of the 
surrounding country. Has stage connections to the 
north with Caledonia, Grand Forks, Pembina, and 
Fort Garry ; northwest with DevlVs Lake, of Min- 
nesota ; southwest to Norman and Owego ; south 
to Fort Abercrombie, and Breckenridge, the pres- 
ent terminus of the St. Paul & Pacific R. R. main 
line, and Fort Wadsiuorth, and during the naviga- 
ble season, is the shipping point by steamers, of the 
immense trade carried on by the Red river with the 
British Northwest, at Winnipeg and Fort Garry. 

Jamestown, in the valley of the James river, 
adjoining the Fort 



Seward Military 
Reservation, is a 
small town of some 
200 inhabitants with 
stores, hotels, etc., 
doing considerable 
business with Fort 
Totten, and the 
Devil's Lake Indian 
Reservation. 

BISMiark, the 
present terminus of 
the road, is beauti- 
fully located on high 
grounds on the east 
bank of the Mis- 
souri river, has a 
population of about 
1,000, with the usual number of stores, hotels, 
churches, etc., and a heavy trade with the numer- 
ous military posts and Ind ian Agencies on the river. 
From this point the Missouri river is navigable for 
1,200 miles to the northwest, and during the season 
a regular line of boats is run to Fort Benton, and 
by the Coulson line of steamers, and the Diamond 
river overland stages, via Carroll, an established 
route IS made to Helena, in Montana. 



page 105. 



THE ST. PAUL & PACIFIC RAILROAD. 

Leaving St. Paul in a northwesterly destination, we have the first Division of the 
St. Paul & Pacific R. R. Its lines of road are from St. Paul, Minn., to Sauk Rapids, 
Minn., 76 miles, and from St. Anthony, 10 miles north of St. Paul, to Breckenridge, 
Minn., 207 miles. The west line was completed to Breckenridge, on the Red River 
of the North, in the latter part of October, 1871. 

From St. Paul to Sauk Rapids, and from St. Anthony to Breckenridge, the Com- 
pany have a land grant of ten sections for each mile of road completed, viz. : six sec- 
tions per mile under act of Congress, approved March 7, 1857, and four sections addi- 
tional under act of March 3, 1S65. The total length of line entitled to these grants, is 
About 400 miles, and the estimated amount of land accrued anil accruing, will be about 
1,800,000 acres. 



94 



The Noktii axd West Illustrated. 



St. Anthony, 10 miles from St. Paul, is at tho 
junction of the main and branch lines. Tlie far- 
famed water power of St. Anthony Falls furnishes 
thousands of people with employment in the vari- 
ous mills located here, and the products of these 
mechanical enterprises add largely to the business 
of the railroad. The State University, now in suc- 
cessful operation, and an excellent high school, are 
located here. 

The main line crosses the Mississippi river here, 
on a substantial bridRe, to Minneapolis, and thence, 
in a northwesterly direction, to the valley of Red 
river. 

Way/.ata, 28 miles from St. Paul, is a railroad 
station on Lake Minnetonka, the largest and most 
beautiful lake in Minnesota, estimated to have a 
shore line of one hundred miles. It is dotted with 
beautiful islands, and its shores are mostly covered 




Collegiate Department, Lake Forest, III.- page 105. 

with heavy timber, among which appear numerous 
openings, with the farms of industrious settlers. 
Wayzata contains several good hotels, filled during 
the summer Eeason with tourists from the East. 
Two steamboats run between Wayzata, Excelsior, 
and other points on the lake. 

LitJ'hfield, 8.5 miles from St. Paul, a railroad 
station, is one of the most important point.s on this 
line. It is the county scat of Meeker county, and 
the site of the U. S. District Land Office. In the 
fall of 1869 there was a gi-ain crop harvested on the 
land that is now the site of about two liundrcd 
buildings. The town contains several churches, 
and good schools, hotel.'', agricultural warehouses, 
a grain elevator, and other raUroad buildings, be- 



sides many fine residences. Two newspapers are 
published in this town. The RaUroad Company 
has an emigrant house here, where emigrants can 
obtain all the information they desire in regard to 
the surrounding country, and a temporary home 
for their families, while they go forth in search of 
a farm, or more permanent residence. 

Wlllmar, 104 miles from St. Paul, the county 
seat of Kandiyohi county, is situated on the south 
side of Foot Lake. The village now contain* 
six hotels, also an immigrant house. Willmar is 
the half-way station between St. Paul and Brecken- 
ridge, on the Red river. It is the nearest railroad 
point for a large extent of country on the Upper 
Minnesota river. The settlements of Yellow Med- 
icine, axiA Red Wood Falls, on the Minnesota river, 
are only thirty and thirty-five miles distant from 
Willmar, and connected by lines of stages. North 
of Willmar are the- 
old settlements on 
Eagle Lake, Lake 
Nevaden, and tha 
large chain of Nor- 
way Lakes; all these 
are tributary and 
easy of access. For 
the purpose of ex- 
periment, and also- 
to encourage others, 
the railroad company 
has planted several 
thousands of young 
forest trees around 
the shores of the 
hike, which has also 
added much to beau- 
lify the town site. 

Morris, the coun- 
ty scat of Stevens 
county, 160 miles 
from St. Paul, in the 
valley of the Pomme 
lie Terre river, has 
attracted tho atten- 
tion of farmer capi- 
talists. There are 
now ten large 1,000 acre farms opened there ; the 
first crops of some of them have averaged not leai 
than 22 bushels per acre, which average increases 
in succeeding years. The soil of this county ap- 
pears peculiarly adapted for wheat culture. 

IJreckenridge, 217 miles from St. Paul, the 
present western terminus of the main line of this 
road, is situated at the confluence of the Bois del 
Sioux and Otter Tail rivers, forming at this place 
the Red River of the North. Breckenridge is the 
county seat of Wilkin county, and is becoming a 
place of much importance, being at the head of 
navigation of the lied River of the North, which 
flows northward through the British Province of 
Manitoba. 



The branch line of this road, extending from St. Anthony Junction north, is com- 
pleted, and opened to Sauk Rapids, and the extension to Brainerd, at the crossing of the 
Northern Pacific Railroad, a distance of GO miles, was located, put under contract, and 
graded during the year 1871. The extension of this line from St. Cloud, northwest to. 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



95 



St. Vincent, on the borders of Manitoba, 314 miles, is completed, and operated to 
Melrose, 34 miles. This extension crosses the Northern Pacific at Olyndon, and is 
completed and operated from Objndon north to Crookston, a distance of 60 miles. 
The principal places of importance on the branch line, are — 



Anoka, the county seat of Anoka county, is 
situated at the mouth of Rum river, 30 miles from 
St. Paul. It contains about 2,000 inhabitants, has 
five churches, four saw mills, one flouring mill, and 
a sash, blind and door factory. Two weekly papers 
are published here. 

Itasca Station, six miles above Anoka. Oppo- 
site Itasca, at the mouth of Crow river, is the thriv- 
ing town of Dayton. 

Elk Kiver Station, is 5 miles from Itasca. 

The flourishing town of Orono, situated at the 
mouth of Elk river, 1)4 miles from the station, 
contains churches, scliools, five saw and grist mills. 
There is also at t'le 
station a hotel, 
school house, two 
stores and a ( uv 
mill. A stage leaves 
here tri-weekly for 
Princeton, Minn 

At St. Francis, a 
thriving village on 
Rum river, a t-au 
and grist mill is in 
successful opera- 
tion. The town of 
Princeton, 19 milcb 
north of Elk rivei, 
is a pleasant village 
of about 500 inhab 
itants. It is the 
headquarters of the 
lumbermen on the 
upper Rum river 
A fine school hcu--e 
has been built, at a 
cost of $5,000 ; it 
also contains two 
hotels, grist and 
saw mills. 

Big Lake Station, is 50 miles from St. Paul. 
It is beautifully situated on the borders of a lake, 
after which it is named. It is the nearest station 
for the German and Swedish settlements near Eagle 
Lake; a good road is constructed, {Elk River is 
crossed by a substantial bridge near the mouth of 
the St. Francis river) to Grolon, where it inter- 
sects the State road from Sauk Rapids to Princeton. 

At Santiago, in Baldwintoivn, a water power on 
the St. Francis river has been made available by 
the erection of a good saw mill. 

Becker Station, 7 miles above Big Lake. The 
Borrounding country is largely rich meadow and 
grazing land. 

Clear Lake Station, 7 miles northwesterly 
from Big Lake. 

At both the above named stations, houses have 
been erected for the accommodation of immis^rants ; 
they are capable of holding several hundred per- 
sons at a time. They are provided with cooking 
Stoves and other conveniences. Here the immi- 




Ferry Hall, Lake Forest, III.— page 105. 



grant can leave his family in perfect safety, and at 
little expense, while he goes forth into the country 
to select his future home. The Company does not 
make any charge to tlie immigrant for the use of 
these buildings. There are grain elevators at each 
of these stations. 

The beautiful town of Monticello is located on 
the west bank of the Mississippi river, Z}4 miles 
from Big Lake. It contains about 700 inhabitants, 
two churches, school houses, and a saw mill. There 
is a weekly newspaper published here. 

Clearwater, at the mouth of Clearwater river, 
and 3 miles from Clear Lake station, contains school 
houses, churches, a 
good hotel, and 
good saw and grist 
mills. Clearwater 
Lake is particularly 
attractive, on ac- 
count of its large 
and many small 
lakes. A stage 
leaves here three 
times a week for 
Fair Haven, King- 
ston, and Forest 
City. 

Buflfalo, the 
county seat of 
Wright county, is 
anew town on the 
large, beautiful 
lake of the same 
name, and noWhas 
a hotel, a school 
house, county 

buildings, and two 
saw mills. 

Fair Haven, is 
17 miles southwest 
from Clear Lake station. It contains a hotel, a 
church, school house, and a saw and grist mill. 

East St. Cloud Station, is 74 miles northwes- 
terly from St. Paul. Near this station are extensive 
granite quarries, which are now being worked, and 
will produce an unlimited supply of the finest build- 
ing stone in the State. There is a grain elevator at 
this station, and a fine wagon bridge spans the Mis- 
sissippi, leading into the centre of the city of St. 
Cloud. 

Sank Bapids, the present terminus of this road, 
and the county seat of Benton county, is 2 miles 
above East St. Cloud. It is a town of considerable 
importance, and rapidly growing in population and 
business. It is located on the east bank of the Mis- 
sissippi river, at the falls of Sauk llapids, from 
which it derives its name. The Missis.'^ippi river 
at this point is GOO feet wide, and has a fall of 18 feet 
in one mile, afibrding a water power surpassed only 
by the Falls of St. Anthony, and equaled by no 
water power in the Northwest. Sauk Rapids already 



96 



The North and West Illustrated. 



contains two simciouc hotels, chnrches, and school 
bouscB. The samu •granite ledge referred to at East 
St. Cloud, alHo extends to this jilace, and quarries 
were opened for the pur;)(>se of constructing the 
dam of the Wafer Power Company. In the course 
of this work it was discovered that the granite 
reached several feet below the surface, and improved 
80 much in quality that it equals, if not surpasses, 
the famous (^uiucy granite. 

Near Watab, 5 miles above Sauk Eapids, new 
quarries have been lately opened, containing a white 
granite almost equal to marble. 



St. Cloud, the largest commercial town above 
St. Anthony, contains about 4,000 inhabitants. It 
has several hotels, school houses, five churches, 
two sawmills, sash, blind and door factories, etc 
Three weekly papers are issued here. The St. Vin- 
cent extension of the branch line starts from this 
point. It is over 300 miles long. It passes through 
the fertile Sauk Valley, touchmg nearly all the 
principal towns therein, viz.- -SV. Joseph, Mtlrose, 
Sauk Center. Osakis, Alexandria, and many olhcrs, 
the trade of which will largely increase the business 
of St. Cloud. 



There is, in connection with this Company, a Land Department, for the disposal of 
the lands acquired by the act of Congress. These lands have been reserved from sale 
since 1857, and are now oifered to actual settlers. They are the odd numbered sections, 
situated on either side of, and -within t-wenty miles of, the lines of railroad. The even 
numbered sections have been, for the most part, disposed of under the homestead and 
pre-emption laws. The railroad lands are offered at low prices and upon easy terms. 



TO SPARTA, WINONA, AND BEYOND. 

We have to retrace our steps, and find our way back to Elroy, but in this case there 
is no hardship, for we step into a magnificent Pullman Palace car at the depot, used 
by the West Wisconsin Railway at Minneapolis or St. Paul, and in ten hours are back 
to Elroy. Here we change cars if we come from the north, but if from Chicago 
we do not, as we have beon in one of the Pullman Palace cars that runs tlirough from 
Chicago to Winona on each through train. It should be borne in mind that the Chica- 
go & North- Western Railway is the only road that runs tliese cars between Chicago 
and Sparta and Winona, and ani/ point in Wi-sconsin or IMinnesola. Do not overlook 
this fact when you are selecting your route by which to visit any of these northwestern 
points. Comfort and safety are alwaj's secured if you are securely fixed in a Pullman 
Sleeper. We must push westward. After leaving Elroy, and passing westward, 
we find — 



Glendale, 217 miles from Chicago. This village 
of 200 people, is in the midst of a fine trouling coun- 
try. Many streams, almost alive with brook trout, 
are found within 4 to 6 mile^. Game is quite plen- 
tiful The Glendale House, by W. R. Hart, offers 
good fare to the sportsman. Large quantities of 
manufactured wagon stock are shipped from here. 

Kfiidalls, S19 miles from Chicago, is not an im- 
portant, but is a growing station. It has three 
hotels. Lake Torrence is half a mile distant, and is 
stocked with brook trout. Albinville, 4 miles dis- 
tant, Uomeu'ood and Clifton, each 10 miles, are 
reached daily by stage. 

Wilton, 2-28 miles from Chicago, population 500, 
is built at the head waters of Kickapoo creek, 
which, with lateral streams, are full of brook trout. 
Bear, deer and squirrel are found in the surround- 
ing forests, while prairie chickens, partridL'c, pheas- 
ants, quail and grouse are plentiful in the clearings. 
The village contains good schools, two churches, 
flour and saw mills, a town hall, and two hotels. 
Ontario, 10 miles south, and liidgeville, 2i miles 
distant, are reached by stage. 

Norwalk, 2.33 miles from Chicago, population 
600. Brook trout streams, and many kinds of game, 
are found in the vicinity. 

Summit, 230 miles from Chicago, is at the south 
end of tunnel No. 3, which is three-fourths of a mile 



long. On this part of the line w-ill be found three 
long tunnels through the hills, and much pictur- 
esque and wild scenery. 

Sparta, 246 miles from Chicago, is an incorpo- 
rated village of four thousand inhabitants, and one 
of the finest inland towns of Central Wisconsin. 
Situated in a fertile valley, entirely surrounded by 
gigantic bhitTs and rocky elevations, near the head 
w.aters of the La t'rosse river, it presents, with ita 
handsome white painted dwellings and church edi- 
fices, its costly business houses and public build- 
ings, with streets adorned with natural and culti- 
vated foliage, the appearance of a prosperous South- 
cm country-seat. Its surroundings are picturesque, 
and even romantic. To the northwest, and at a 
distance of five miles, can be seen Castle Rock, 
towering majestically to a height of seven hundred 
feet above the level of the river, standing like a 
silent sentinel on the top of the encircling cordon 
of bluffs that surround the valley. From its lofty 
summit can be seen the blue hills of Minnesota, 
across the " Father of Waters," and an extended 
panorama of hill and dale is presented to the admir- 
ing gaze. Looking back to the southward, the eye 
rests— in summer— on the verdure-covered plain 
below, dotted over with its nice farm houses, teem- 
ing fields of grain, and crystal streams of pure soft 
water, abounding plentifully with the finest of 



The Chicago & NortiJ-Wksterk Railway. 



97 



speckled tront, affording eport and recreation for 
the " troutist," in the midst of whichSparta stands. 
Monarch of the Valley. Pleasure drives and hunt- 
ing grounds are numerous. Delightful camping 
places and pic-nic resorts are everywhere to be 
founa beneath the ridges that encircle the town. 

In addition to the general natural and artificial 
advantages and attractions which Sparta presents, 
it offers special inducements to those in search of 
Health or cure of diseases. To this class, nature, 
art and science seem to have combined and concen- 
trated here the means for the treatment and suc- 
cessful rejuvenating and curing those suffering 
from ailments incident to life in less favored local- 
ities. 

In October, 1867, the boring of an artesian well was 
undertaken, it r the purpose of supplying the vil- 
lage with water. This object was successfully ac- 
complished—a supply of mineral water was unex- 
pectedly obtained at a depth of three hundred and 
fifteen feet, which is free to all visitors. Several 
of these wells have since 
been sunk, and a careful 
analysis, by accomplish- 
ed experts, has demon- 
strated that the water 
possessed remarkable 
medicinal and curative 
properties. 

During the year 1875, 
not less than twenty-five 
thousand strangers par- 
took of the healing wa- 
ter of these remarkable 
wells, who, without a 
single exception, made 
unreserved acknowledg- 
ment of the benefits they 
had received in conse- 
quence thereof. A thor- 
ough analysis of it re- 
veals the fact that the 
water has no superior 
as a chalybeate and tonic 
water, on this continent or in Europe. 

The hotel accommodations of Sparta are excel- 
lent. The Warner. The Ida, The American, The 
Windship, The Wagner, The Bates, and The Laird 
hotels furnish amplo accommodations. All of the 
comforts, conveniences and essential luxuries, are 
to be had for less than half the cost of the same 
at the Kastern watering places. 

Sparta has a large trade in grain— in wheat es- 
pecially ; more than 1,000,000 bushels of grain, 
and 50,000 barrels of flour are shipped from here 
annually. It has a paper mill, making 40,i 00 
pounds of paper daily, a county court house, opera 
house that seats COO persons, one public hall. 
The Ida, seating 300, two newspapers, and three 
banks. Trout are abundant, there being over 250 
miles of trout streams in the county (Monroe). 
Perch Lake was artificially stocked with perch. 

Bear in mind that the direct route from Chicago 
to Sparta, is by the old reliable North-Western road. 
Do not be deceived in buying tickets to Sparta, by 
longer and more circuitous routes. 

Leon^ 4 miles south, Aiigelo, Smiles, Cataract^ 
12 miles north, St. Mary^s, lOmiles southeast, Coon, 



25 miles south, Viroqua, 32 miles south, and Onta- 
rio, 30 miles southeast, are tributary, and are 
reached by daily stage. Herseyville, 250 miles, 
and Fish Creek, 252 miles from Chicago, are unim- 
portant stations. 

Bangor, 255 miles from Chicago, is a village of 
600 inhabitants, 16 miles east of the Mississippi 
river. It has three hotels, one woolen mill, three 
churches, and a good school. Excellent fishing and 
shooting can be found close to the village, in the 
La Crosse river, within a fourth of a mile of the 
town. Pike, pickerel, black and rock bass, and 
several other varieties of fish, are found in great 
abundance. A fine (brook) trout stream flows 
through the village, and half a mile from it is a 
large artificial trout pond, fully stocked with flsh. 
In the woods which surround the vDlage, are 
found deer, squirrel, and wild turkeys. Many bird- 
dogs are kept here for hire, and there is also a pack 
of hounds for fox hunting, owned by the Hon. 
John Bradley, who has a summer reside'nce at this 




Highland Hall, Highland Park, III.— page 104. 

place. The Bangor House, by E. A. De Van, ivill 
be found to be a comfortable home for hunters. 

"West Salem, 260 miles from Chicago, is in La 
Crosse county, 1 mile from La Crosse river. Min- 
doro. North Bend, and Melrose, are tributary. The 
village contains 600 people, and has a good graded 
school with four departments, three churches, one 
hotel, and one public artesian well. 

Winona Junction, 267 miles from Chicago. 
This station is our depot for the city of La Crosse, 
2)4 miles down the river. La Crosse contains over 
10,000 inhabitants, and is a fine business centre. 
We here reach the line of the La Crosse, Trempea- 
leau & Prescott Kailroad, now owned by the Chi 
cago & North-Western Railway, and forming from 
this point to Winona, 30 miles distant, the western 
end of the present Madisfin division of the Chicago 
& North-Western Railway. 

Onalaska, 269 miles from Chicago. This village 
has ,500 people; is 5 miles from the city of La Crosse, 
to which stages run twice daily, connecting with 
both our passenger trains. A stage also runs from 
here via Melrose to lilack River Falls, three times 
each week. Considerable lumbering is carried on at 



98 



The Nokth and West Illustrated. 



this station. From this point a line of railroad is 
fteinR built into La Crosse, and soon we sliall liave 
our throujjli trains running into that enterprising 
city. 

Midway, 27.3 miles from ChicJ^go. New Amnter- 
dam, 4 miles distant, McGHroij's Ferry, 5 miles, 
Calebs Ferry, and Stevenstown, Smiles, are tributa- 
ry. La Crosse, 8 miles distant, is reached by stage. 

Trempealeau, 284 miles from Chicago, is in 
Trempealeau county, (a large but not densely pop- 
nlated county,) 7 miles from GalesvUle, the cap- 
ital of the county, and has 600 inhabitants. Pine 
Chkek, 291 miles. Marshland, 292 miles, and 
Bluff Side, 295 miles from Chicago, are new sta- 
tions. Wc have now reached the Mississippi river, 
and will cro.ss it on a line bridge, built at a cost of 



commercial city in Southern Minnesota, and th« 
third in point of population in th? State, and is sit- 
uated on a beautiful level prairie, on the west bank 
of the Mississippi river. The first white settlement 
made in this place was in 1851. 

Winona is noted for the natural beauty of its site ; 
for its healthfulness ; for the air of taste, comfort, 
and culture which pervades its residences ; for its 
excellent system of schools ; and generally for its 
thrift, energy, and commercial activity. It has the 
best system of graded schools in Minnesota, and is, 
in addition, thcseat of the first State Normal School, 
an exceedingly well conducted and successful insti- 
tution, for the training of teachers. 

The business portion of the town is compactly 
and substantially built of brick and stone, the 
streets are wide and regularly 
laid out, and its ^-hole apt- 
pearance betokens business 
activity and prosperity. 

It has public school houses 

that cost $235,000, a Normal 

School building that cost 

$82,000, seventeen churches 

I hat cost $2.JO,000, six lum- 

er firms *at sell 50,000,000 

■ct of lumber yearly, six 

I iluur mills— one being the 

est in the State — two 

iiindries, five- sash, door 

iiiil blind factories, two bar- 

icl factories, a court house 

and jail, three fine public 

halls, seating 2,100 jjcrsons, 

many hotels and manufac- 

iciiies not named abpve, and. 

■i large number of whole- 

I sale and retail business 

uses. Stages run daily to 

Alma and Fountain City, 

I hrec times a week to Jiush- 

J'ord, and twice weekly to 

Houston. 

We have thus briefly 

tched the historj- and 

business condition of the 

beautiful and prosperous 

I young city of Winona. 

W. 8. lngraham'8 Cold Fish Pond, Waulcegan, lll.-page 105. "''^'"S ""f "'"^ '^^ P/^^^°' 

. a . = growth and prosperity un- 

der many adverse circumstances, there is abun- 




$.350,000 by the Chicago & North-Wcstern RaOway 
Co., and at 297 miles from Chicago reach 

AVinona. This city of 11,000 persons, is the cap- 
ital of Winona county, Minn., which was organized 
m 1854, and has 28,000 inhabitants. Lake Winona 
adjoins the city limits, and in an early day was eo 
noted for itsgame,lhatitssurrounding8 were named 
" Prairie aux Isle," or " Prairie of Winged Fowl." 
Some years after it was named Wabasha Prairie, 
after the Sioux chief of that name, whose tribe for 
many generations made this location its home The 
county is quite famous for its trout streams. The 
city of Winona is the largest and most important 



dant reason to believe that now, with important 
and increasing railroad facilities secured— with ft 
position admirably adapted to the carrying on 
of extended commercial and manufacturing opera- 
tions—and with a liberal minded and energetic 
population— its future will bo as bright and suc- 
cessful as its most sanguine founders ever dared 
to hope for. 

To reach this pleasant and prosperous city, you 
must take the trains of the Chicago & Xorth-West- 
crn Railway Company, as it is the only line that 
controls the entire route from Chicago to this point. 



FINE LAND AT LOW RA TES. 
The Chicago & North-Western Railway Company has, through the "Winona 
& St. Peter Railroad Company, for sale, in tracts of 40 acres and upwards, at from $5 



The Chicago & Noeth-Westbrn Railway, 



9»^ 



to $10 per acre (on time), about 1,104,664 acres of choice farming lands in the State of 
Minnesota, and the Territory of Dakota, alongthelineof said Winona & St. Peter Rail- 
road, between Winona, on the Mississippi river, and Lake Kampeslsa, in the Territory 
of Dakota. 

These lands are very desirable for the production of wheat, barley, oats, and other 
small grain, and all other farm products usually raised in that latitude. They are well 
watered by springs and clear running streams. The spring seasons are early, and under 
the warm summer days of Minnesota and Dakota, the warm and friable soil of these 
lands will richly repay the husbandman for his labor thereon with abundant crops. 
Minnesota lands, as is well known, produce the greatest number of bushels of wheat 
per acre, on the average, which is of the finest quality, and commands the highest 
prices in market of any wheat raised in the United States of America. 

Full particulars of these lands can be obtained by addressing George P. Goodwin, 
Land Commissioner of the Chicago & North- Western Railway Company, Chicago, 111, 



Minnesota City, 303 miles from Chicago, is on 
Eolling Stone river, and has fine water power, on 
which are two flour mills, one of sis and the other 
of thirteen run of stone, manufacturing 90,000 to 
100,000 barrels of flour, and buying over 2,000,000 
bushels of wheat yearly. Brooli trout in consider- 
able numbers are caught in the streams at the head 
waters of the river. Population of village, 500. 

Stockton, 308 miles from Chicago. Population, 
750. Is located in a valley surrounded by timbered 
bluffs. It contains a flour mill, school, hotel, and 
two churches, 

Lewiston, 316 miles from Chicago, is a pretty 
village of 400 people. 

Utica, 310 miles from Chicago. Population, 200. 
Has one hotel, three grain elevators, and a good 
echool. 

St. Charles, 325 miles from Chicago. Is an 
active, bustling city of 1,500 people. The city is 
built in a valley, is surrounded with wooded bluffs, 
and has one graded echool, seven churches, and' 
three hotels. 

Dover, 329 miles from Chicago, is in Olmstead 
county, is strictly a temperance town, and has four 
grain elevators, handling 600,000 bushels of wheat 
yearly, two hotels, and 200 inhabitants. Chatjield, 
10 miles south, and Piainview, 10 miles north, are 
reached by stage. 

£yota, 334 miles from Chicago, has a population 
of 500 persons, a good school of two departments, 
one church, a public hall that rents at flOper night, 
and one hotel. Elgin, 11 miles northwest, is reached 
weekly by stage. 

Chester, 341 miles from Chicago, is a village of 
800 people. 

Roch ester, 347 miles from Chicago, i s the county 
seat of Olmstead county, which was organized in 
1858, and now has 21,000 people resident therein. 
The Zumbro ( ?) and Root rivers run throngh the 
county, and besides furnishing ample water power, 
thoroughly drain the land. Twc-thirds of the 
county IS of gently undulating prairie, and the rest 
heavily wooded with oak, hickory, maple, and 
other hard woods. The soil is fertile and not sur- 
passed in richness by any m the State. The city of 
Rochester contains about 5,000 people, and is loca- 
ted in a beautiful valley about two miles wide, 
through which the Zumbro ( ?) river runs. Pictur- 
esque biuffs lie along the valley, from the crests of 



which many fine views are obtained. The city has 
wide streets, fine business houses, large manufac- 
tories, fine residences, eleven churches, and several 
schools ; one school building cost $75,000, and two 
others $7,000 each. The court house is a fine brick 
structure, and cost $50,000. Two public halls, seat- 
ing l,500people, furnish ample facilities for theatres, 
concerts, and other shows. Three hotels furnish 
first class fare for transient guests. At the depot 
is a first class eating house, by C. C. Morrill, at 
which all passenger trains stop for meals. Four 
stage lines centre here, viz. : High Forest, via 
Steivartsville, 15 miles, fare $1.00 ; Spring Valley, . 
yia Marion and Pleasant Grove, 34 miles, fare $1.50 ; 
Lake City, via Oronoco, Mazeppa, Bear Valley, and 
Lincoln, AQ miles, fare $2.50 ; Red Wing, via Orono- 
co, Pine Island, and Zumbro, 47 miles, fare $3.25. 
Game is abundant on the prairie around the city. 

Olmstead, 353 miles from Chicago, an unimpor- 
tant station. 

Byron, 356 miles from Chicago. Population, 
200. Is 3 miles from Zumbro ( ?) river, has a school, 
two churches, and one hotel. 

Kasson, 362 mUes from Chicago. This is a 
handsome village of 1,500 people. It has doubled 
its population in the last two years. Is surrounded 
by one of the largest wheat growing districts in the 
State. It baa a fine hotel, four churches, and two 
schools. 

Dodge Centre, 368 miles from Chicago. Is in 
Dodge county, 8 miles from Mantorville, the county 
seat, which has a population of 1,000, and with 
Wasioga, 6 miles, and Concord, 2 miles distant 
from Dodge Centre, are reached by daily stage. 
The village has 900 inhabitants, and bus wide, 
shaded streets — in fact, there are so many shade 
and ornamental trees within the limits, that the 
citizens call their place " The Park City." The 
principal hotel is The Kinney House. 

Clarenaont, .375 miles from Chicago. Popula- 
tion, 200. Is in the midst of a fine farming country. 
Wild land sells from $6 to $25 per acre. 

Havana, 382 miles from Chicago. An unimpor- 
tant station, opened in 187.5. 

Owatonna, 387 miles from Chicago. The name ia 
from an Indian word, "Ouitunya," meaning straight, 
hence Straight river is the oftlcial name of the etreaia 
on which this city is built. This is the capital of Steel 
county, which was organized in 1854, and has 11,000 



100 



The North and West Illustrated. 



inhabitants. This city is in the centre of a verj- 
fertile county, and has a larjce trade in grain, mer- 
chandise, and agricultural implements. It has fine 
schools, two churches, a cheese factory, nsing the 
milk of 400 cows, stone-ware factory, flour mills 
-an opera house, three banlcs, with $200,000 capital, 




three newspapers, and a number of large mauufac- 
tnres. It has eight hotels, three at least being first 
class. The court house is well built, and adapted 
for county business. Mineral springs have been 
■discovered li miles from the city, and arc being 
'developed by a company who own the land on 



which nine of the springs are located. The water 
of one of the springs is said to resemble that of the 
celebrated Vichy. Dodge City, Morion, Albert 
Lea, and Freeborn, are reached by stage from this 
station. liice, Beaver, and Oak Glen Lakes are 2 
to 4 miles distant from the depot. At this point we 
cross the Iowa & Minnesota 
division of the Milwaukee & St. 
Paul Railway, and find direct rail 
connections for Med/ord, G miles, 
Faribault, 1.5 miles, Dundas, 26 
miles, and Northfleld, 29 miles 
distant. Passengers for these 
points should see that their 
tickets read via the Chicago & 
North-Weatorn Railway, all the 
tvay from Chicago to Owatonna. 

3Ieriden, 396 miles from Chi- 
cago, is a village of 100 people. 

Waseca, 402 miles from Chi- 
cago, is the county seat of 
Waseca county, which was or- 
ganized in 1857. This is one of 
the best wheat counties in the 
State. The name is Dakota In- 
dian, and means "The Laud of 
Plenty." In the early history of 
this county are some features 
that will bear repeating. The 
first settlers reached here Feb- 
ruary 7, 1855, and found the snow 
five feet deep. They built a 
lioiise of logs, " chinked" it witli 
grass, and " banked it up" with 
snow. The nearest settlement 
was in Iowa, 100 miles south. 
In 1857 the credit of the county 
was so poor, and money so 
scarce, that the county authori- 
ties in borrowing money on the 
credit of the county, had to pay 
interest at the rate of five per 
cent, per month, and that for 
fifteen months at a time. The 
winter of 1858-'9set in early, and 
was of unusual length and sever- 
ity. Family supplies and food 
of all kinds became scarce, and 
before spring were exhausted. 
Corn bran alone was left, and for 
weeks was the only food used by 
the people. When the snow 
melted, wild roots were dug, 
which with milk, served the 
people for many weeks. Finally 
the plant ginseng was found in 
the woods, and farmers, lawyers, 
doctors, priests, and all the peo- 
ple, dug up its roots and sent 
them to Dubuque, Iowa, over 
200 miles, for a market, and from 
the proceeds managed to live 
until the next harvest was ripe. What a change 
time hns wrought ! Now the county is thickly seU 
fed with a rich population, does not owe a dollar, 
and is in every way proajwrous and prospering. 
The village was laid out in 1858, and now contains a 
l)opulation of 1,500 persons. Its court house is of 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



lor 



brick, and it has good schools, seven churches, 
brick business blocks, banks, public halls, flour 
mills, grain elevators, and good hotels. 

JanesviUe, 413 miles from Chicago, a village of 
700 people, in Waseca county, on the outlet of Lake 
Elyrian, a beautiful body of pure, clear water, 7 
miles long. The lake is stocked with many varieties 
offish. Salmon have recently been introduced. Oka- 
man at the head of the lake, and Alma, 6 miles south, 
are reached by stage. The village contains a grain 
elevator, holding 45,000 bushels, schools, three 
churches, a flour mill with four run of stone, and 
two hotels. The celebrated Lake Elyrian farm of 
Col. Charles De Graff, adjoins the village, contains 
2,700 acres, and is thoroughly stocked with blooded 
animals, amongst which is a large herd of Alderney s. 

£agle Lake, 421 miles from Chicago. This sta- 
tion is in Blue Earth county, 
and in the centre of "The 
Big Woods," which runs 
along the Minnesota river for 
over 100 miles. The village 
contains 300 people, four 
schools, one church, saw 
and flour mills, one grain 
elevator, and one hotel. The 
village is built on the shore 
of Eagle Lake, which is 5 
miles in circumference, and 
is "full of fish." No better 
■water-fowl shooting grounds 
can be found in the countrj 
Reed birds are found in 
countless numbers. Madison 
Lake, 40 miles in circumfer 
ence, is 3 miles north, James 
town, H miles east, Tivola 
3 miles east, Winnebayo 
Agency, 5 miles distant, an 
tributary. The La Sueur river £ 
is 5 miles east. 

Mankato, 432 miles from 
Chicago. This is oneoftli 
finest, largest, most thrivin„ 
and growing cities in the 
State. It is the county seat 
of Blue Earth county, and 
contains over ,5,500 inhabit- 
ants. Five rivers converge 
here, and empty into the Min- 
nesota river ; they are the 

Blue Earth, Maple,' Cobb, La Sueur, and Wau- 
tqj*\van, and cause the vicinity to be called the 
"Undine Region." In the county are also 30 
lakes : Loon, Crystal, Jackson's, Eagle, Kice, 
Madison, Laura, Wilte, and Minneopa, being the 
largest. The Falls of Minneopa, on the outlet of 
Jakes Crystal and Loon, are very fine, and are 
claimed to be finer than Minnehaha in many 
respects. Wc give two views of these falls. One, 
a winter scene, shows the beautifying efl'ect of 
winter-work on the cataract and its surroundings. 
La Sueur, a French voyageur, built in 1700 Fort L. 
Hillier, on the site of Mankato, and a portion of 
the ruins arc still preserved. Wild land (i to 12 
miles from Mankato, can be bought for from $10 
to $15 per acre, while cultivated farms sell for from 
$30 to $50 per acre. In 1875, 1,500,000 bushels of 



wheat were sold from this county. In the city ar©: 
three schools, each having 500 scholars, Catholia 
and Lutheran church schools, twelve churches, oil 
works, woolen mill, two plow factories, two iron 
foundries and machine shops, fifteen hotels, an 
academy of music, that co.st $20,000, Turner's hall, 
that cost $10,000, several flour mills, a paper mill, 
and a driving park. Ten or twelve flowing artesian 
wells supply ample water for public uses. The 
Jesuits are erecting a fine college building. Sports- 
men can have rare sport here, game and fish abound- 
ing. The St. Paul & Sioux City R. R. here give* 
us rail connections for the country traversed by 
that line. 

Kasota, 434 miles from Chicago. This village 
is 8 miles west of Cleveland, the county seat of La 
Sueur county, which is reached by stage, fare 75c^ 




The McAllister Springs, Waukegan, III.— page I09« 

Around the village are many beautiful little lakes,, 
from which fish may be taken in any season of 
the year. The Minnesota State insane asylum is one 
mile north, and a State prison is being erected adja- 
cent. The Kasota House, by J. W. Babcock, is the 
best hotel. 

St. Peter, 437 miles from Chicago. In Nicollet 
county, 134 miles from St. Paul, by river— the 
Minnesota, or as once called, the St. Peter — maybe 
found this city of 8,500 souls. It is built on ter- 
races, on the left bank of the river, and has a very 
attractive and picturesque location. Many lakes 
are near the city, and one of them. Lake Emily, has 
recently been stocked with Atlantic salmon. The 
city contains three hotels, a fine brick school house, 
that cost $28,000, and seven less costly ones. The 
Swedish Lutheran church has a college here, the 



102 



The NopwTii and West Illustrated. 



bnlldings and grounds costing over $50,000, of which 
$5,000 was given by the county, and $5,000 and the 
land by the city. The State asiylum for the insane, 
situated between Kasota and St. Peter, occupies 
building.'^ that cost $470,000 ; they are very com- 
plete, and arc heated by steam. 

Oshawa, 447 miles from Chicago, is a village 
of 300 persons. 

Nicollet, 451 miles from Chicago, has a popu- 
lation of 300, was laid out in 1874, has a grain eleva- 
tor, holding 00,000 bushels, one hotel, and a plow 
factory. Swan Lake, one mile northwest, is 15 
miles long by 10 wide, and is full of heavily tim- 
bered islands. Tlie Waupeton band of Sioux 
Indians claim this lake as their home, and twice 
yearly return to its shores to offer sacrifices to their 
gods, or to the dead in their burial place, on the 
shores of the lake. 




Milwaukee Previous to 1835.— page 108. 



Courtland, 459 miles from Chicago, is a new 
Station. 

New Dim, 467 miles from Chicago, is the county 
seat of Brown county, which was organized in 18.55, 
and immediately received from Chicago over 300 
Germans, who have since attracted many hundred 
families of their countrymen to the city and county. 
The city shows many marks of Oerman thrift and 
care, and is noted for its stability and conservatism. 
Turner Hall, and Arbities Hall, together cost over 
$80,000, and serve as gathering places for the socia- 
ble inhabitants. St. Michael's academy has the 
best building in the city. It is occupied by the Sis- 
ters of the Congregation of Christian Love, who, 
on being expelled from Prussia by order of Prince 
Bismark, were invited to settle here. In 1862 the 
city having 200 houses and 2,000 people, was besieged 
by Sioux Indians, who had ravaged the county for 
many miles around. After abandoning their liomes, 
the people took i)osse8sion of and held a large 
brick house, andsuccessfully withstood the attack* 
of the Indians, until they were relieved by soldiers 



sent here for that purpose. That loop-holed house 
still stands. Redwood Falls, 45 miles, and Beaver, 
40 miles distant, are reached by stage. In the sum- 
mer a steamer also runs to Beaver, via the Minne- 
sota river. 

We now leave the older settled part of the line, 
and reach the border. 

Sleepy-Eye I^ake, 480 miles from Chicago. 
The lake and the village are named after a celebrated 
Dakota Indian, by name " Ish-tahm-ba," or Sleepy- 
Eye. The village has 300 inhabitants. Game 
abounds in the vicinity, and many varieties of fish 
in the lakes, of which, besides Sleepy-Eye, there are 
several. Golden Gate, 7 miles, Therta, 5 miles, and 
Leavenivorlh, 7 mi\c9, are tributary post-villages, 
and are reached by stage. Kunning west 65 miles, 
we pass through a beautiful prairie country, that 
is but now being settled. Three years ago no settler 
had made a home 
_ beyond Sleepy-Eye 

g^:^^-j Lake, and not until 
^^== the raUroad was 
5=§ completed through 
:i this section could 
any lauds be se- 
cured. 

liiirns, Cotton- 
-wood, Walnut 
Grove, L^ke 
Shetek, and Sar- 
atoga, arc sta- 
tions without 
agents. 

Marshall, 545 
miles northwest of 
Chicago, js the 
most westerly sta- 
tion having an 
agent. It is the 
county seat of Ly- 
on county, which 
has less than 4,000 
people in it, all 
told. The village 
has a population 
of 500, and is built on Redwood river. It has 
a school, two churches, two hotels, and is grow- 
ing rapidly. Camden, 9 miles southwest. Lake Ben- 
ton, 25 miles, Granite Falls, 30 miles, Nordland, 12 
miles, Redwood Falls, 40 miles, Lac Qui Parle, 28 
miles. Slate Line, 40 miles distant, are reached by 
stages weekly. Forts Thompson and Sully, on the 
Missouri river, about 165 miles distant, are plso 
reached by stage from this station. With the open- 
ing of the Black Hills to the gold hunter and emi- 
grant, this must prove a good outfitting point, as 
it is well known that the entire route from this 
point to the Missouri river is over a fertile prairie, 
heavily covered with nutritious grasses, with plenty 
of wood and water. The railroad is built from here 
through Lac Qui Parle, State Line, Dakota, Coteau, 
and Prairie, to Lake Kampeska, 024 miles from 
Chicago, but as the country is as yet unsettkd, these 
stations have no agents. No finer country can be 
found anywhere than lies along this line, and now 
that these lands are in the market, they will soon 
be settled as thickly as any other part of the line. 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



103 



THE MILWAUKEE DIVISION, AND ITS 
CONNECTIONS. 

Leaving Chicago from the depot at the corner of West Kinzie and Canal streets, 
this line follows along the western shore of Lake Michigan, and so close thereto, that 
the lake, with its steamers and sailing vessels, are almost always in sight from the trains. 
It passes through a succession of beautiful and flourishing towns and villages, amongst 
which will be found Evanston, Highland Park, Lake Forest, Waukegan, Glen Flora, 
Kenosha, Racine, and Milwaukee. These are all pleasant summer resorts, and offer to 
the summer resident many facilities that cannot be found further away from the great 
cities. Besides the above named, along this line are a large number of pretty villages, 
in which the summer can be spent pleasantly and quietly. Bear in mind that all of 
these places enjoy the breezes from the lake, and from most of them the lake is but a 
few minutes walk distant. To reach any of these places, you must take the Chicago & 
North-Western Railway, as it is the only line that reaches them, or that runs along the 
lake shore. 

Suburban trains are run from Chicago, so as to accommodate those living on this 
line, but doing business in Chicago. Below will be found a tabular statement, showing 
rates of fare, in effect June 1st, 1876, (liable to change) : 

Commutation Rates — Milwaukee Division. 



5.3 
5.8 
6.7 

7.7 
9.1 
10.2 
10.8 
11.8 
13.1 
14.0 
16.5 
17.5 
18.9 
21.8 
22.9 
24.2 
28.0 
80.1 
85.6 
87.3 
89.9 
61.4 

61.7 

85.0 



OI3:iO^C3-0 



Belle Plalne 

Ravens wood 

Summerdale 

Rose Hill 

Rogers' Park 

Calvary 

South Evanston. 

Evanston 

North Evanston. 

Wllmette 

Wlnnetka 

Lakeside 

Glencoe 

Ravinla 

Highland Park.. 

High wood 

Lake Forest 

Rockland 

Waukegan 

Glen Flora 

Benton 

Kenosha 

Racine 

Milwaukee 




9.45 

9.90 

10.60 

13.65 

( 16.35 

■( "lliOO 

22.50 



Family Tickets limited to Four Months. 



+ Family Tickets limited to Six Months. 



Leaving the city, 6 miles out we come 

Ravenswood, a rapidly growing village with 
1,000 people, aud having good schools, churches, etc. 
Summerdale is 7 miles out. Rose Hill with its 
■cemetery, is 8 miles from Chicago. The village is 
called Lake View, and the post office Uavelock. 
Bwvmanville is 1 mile distant. Rogers' Park is 9 
miles from Chicago ; first house built in 1872, and 
IB now a pleasant village. Calvary with its ceme- 
^ry, is 10 miles from Chicago. South Evanston, 



to- 



EvANSTON, and North Evanston, are 11, 12 and 13 
miles distant from Chicago, and together have about 
10,000 inhabitants. Evanston was founded in 1853, 
by the North-Western University. The village waa 
named after Dr. John Evans, since Governor of Col- 
orado. It is strictly a temperance town, no liquor 
being allowed to be sold within four miles of the 
station. It is the site of the Union Theological 
School and Woman's College. Sixteen hundred 



104 



The North and West Illustrated. 



students are being educated here. In the city are 
gas works, water wo: kt., twelve churches, one news- 
paper, banktu, and many fine buniness honscs. 

■\Vllmptte, (Indian, Ouilmette) is 14 miles from 
Chicai,'(), and has 500 residents. It is located in a 
natural grove of hard wood trees, which lend their 
attractions to the place. 

AVinin'tka. The name is said to be Indian, for 
" Beautiful Land," which well describes the village. 
It hiisa population of 900 souls, four churches, fine 
schools, one. of (K)U scholars, a hotel for 100 guests, 
and busincps liou«es enough to supply all the com- 
mercial wants of the people. This also is a temper- 
ance village. Lake Side, 18 miles out, is agrow- 
Ing village. Glencoe, 19 miles from Chicago, was 
first settled by ^V^ S. Gurnee, in 1869, and has now 
500 residents. The village is half a mile from the 
station, and has natural groves, good water, schools, 
and churches. Ravinia, 21 miles from Chicago, is 




Lake Dells, Milwaukee, Wis 

pushing itself into notice as a jdeasant suburb of 
Chicago. 

Highland Park, 23 miles from Chicago, has a 
charming location, on high blulTs overlooking Lake 
Michigan. The town was laid out by a company 
that has spent much money in building streets and 
■walks, and otherwise improving it. It has several 
good schools, four churches, and excellent society. 
Highland Hall was built for a hotel, and is used for 
that purpose from May to September, while, during 
the rest of the year, it is occupied as a Collegiate In- 
stitution for the education of young ladies, with the 
following broad and comprehensive curriculum : 

A Preparatory Department— with the u«ual Ele- 
mentary Branches, pur.^iied with great thorough- 
ness ; aDepartment of Literature— including Gram- 
mar, Ancient, Medieval and Modern History, Rhet- 
oric, Composition, Literature, and Criticism ; a 
Department of Natural Science— including Physics, 
Chemistry, Astronomy, Mineralogy, Geology, Zool- 
ogy, and Botany ; a Mathematical Department- 
including Algebra, lUiok-KeciJing, CJeonietry, Trig- 
onometry, and its applications ; a Department of 



Hygiene- including Physiology, Anatomy, CaMs- 
thenics, and Practical Lessons in care of the Health; 
a Department of Languages— Latin and Greek, 
French, German, Spanish, and Italian ; a Depart- 
ment of Philosophy— Mental and Moral, Logic and 
Civil Government ; a Department of Music— the 
Piano, the Organ, the Guitar, Harmony and Thor- 
ough Bass, Individual Vocal Training, and Class 
Drill ; a Department of Fine Art— Drawing in all 
styles. Painting in Oils and Water Colors, Modeling 
and Sculpture ; a Department of Practical Art- 
including Telegrapuy, Wood Engraving, etc. ; an 
Optional course — selected from the foregoing 
studies, to suit individual wants ; with careful 
instruction in Morals and the Manners of Good Soci- 
ety ; all under the instruction of able Professors 
and Teachers. 

President Weston, who will have charge, says : 
" In transferring our educational work from Lake 
Forest to High- 
land Park, it is 
proper to state to 
the public the 
\^ reason 1 of the 
■ change. The trus- 

tees of the Lake 
^ " Forest University 
having revived the 
long - cherished 
project of building 
up a grand institu- 
tion in tlie inter- 
ests of the Pres- 
byterian church, 
have determined 
to unite the La- 
dies' Seminary 
(Ferry Hall), and 
the Boys' Acad- 
emy, under one 
presidency, and 
thus to lay the 
foundation of 

their projected 
University for 
young men and women. Having ourselves under- 
taken a different enterprise, and carried it for- 
ward thus far with gratifying success, we purpose 
to continue that work at Highland Park, with a 
college corporation organized under the laws of 
the State, for the education of young ladies, with- 
out connection with any school for young men, 
and conducted in the special interests of no one 
religious denomination. This we do on the plain 
common sense principle of demand and supply, 
without wasting time in discussing the merits and 
demerits of co-education, or the propriety of denom- 
inational schools. We know that most of our pat- 
rons prefer to send their daughters to institutions 
intended for young ladies only ; and are not anxious 
that the school education of their children should 
bo impressed with any sectarian features. Sur- 
rounded by an enterprising and cultivated commu- 
nity, organized into dilVerent religious societies, 
and dwelling together in the spirit of unity, the 
Institution will provide for the Sabbath worship of 
its members with such churches in town as the 
parents of each may select— Episcopalian, Baptistv 



-page I 10. 



The Chicago & North-Westkrn Railway. 



105 



or Presbyterian— and for such religious exereiees in 
the College itself as shall contribute to their gener- 
ous Christian culture. The facilities for such an 
institution at Eighland Hall are unusually excel- 
lent. The building is new and capacious, the 
rooms large and handsomely furnished, and the 
location well known for its beauty and healthful- 
ness, and its general fitness for the purposes of a 
Ladies' School." 

Half Day and Deer field are tributary villages, and 
are reached by stage daily. 

HIghwood is the next station north, and is 24 
miles from Chicago. 

Lake Forest, a city of 1,500 persons, is 28 miles 
from Chicago, and is the seat of educational insti- 
tutions, with a national reputation for excellence. 
A male academy, patterned 
after the celebrated Phillips 
Academy, of Andovcr, Mass., 
and a female seminary, are es- 
pecially noted. Lake Forest 
University received in 1875 
$80,000 to found profepsor- 
Bhips, and it has over $295,000 
worth of assets. The city is on 
the highest ground between 
Milwaukee and Chicago, is a 
temperance town, and has one 
good hotel. 

Bockland is 30 miles from 
Chicago. 

Waukegan, .36 miles from 
Chicago, is the county seat of 
the county of Lake, so called 
because of it possessing fifty- 
«ix beautiful lakes within its 
boundaries. The city has be- 
tween 7,000 aud 8,000 inhabit- 
ants ; is situated on a bluff 
overlooking Lake Michigan, on 
the western shore of that body 
of water. The town proper, 
stands about one hundred feet 
above the lake, and in point of 
attractiveness as a summer re- 
sort, stands unrivaled in all the 
Western States. Its acknowl- 
edged beauty, fine drives, soci- E 
ety, Bchools, picturesque scen- 
ery, ravines, brooks, and gen- 
eral loveliness, as fashioned by Nature's own 
hand", aided by liberal outlays of money, combine 
to make it a place which will be sought for by 
the thousands of private families who yearly, more 
and more, seek the health-giving quiet and retire- 
ment of the country, in order to avoid the heat, 
dust and noise of a busy metropolis. 

Waukegan offers attractions far superior and 
more meritorious than hundreds of other points, 
which, by systematic newspaper puffery and adver- 
tising, have become more or less celebrated and 
popular to the seeker after health and quiet enjoy- 
ment. Its numerous mineral sprini,'8 have attracted 
thousands of peoiile here from our great commer- 
cial metropolis, Chicago, and other parts of the 
country. The most important of these springs, in 
a medical view, are the McAllister, Glen Flora, and 
Powell's, each of which claims advantages pecul iarly 



its own. The city has three schools with twenty 
teachers, nine churches, two public halls, and three 
hotels. Deep Lake, 15 miles north, has summer 
hotel, LibertyvUle, 10 miles off, }yauconda, 21 
miles, Antioch, 20 miles, Milburne, 12 miles, and 
Hainsville, 12 miles distant, arc reached by f'tage. 
The largest evergreen tree nursery in the United 
States, is within the city limits of Waukegan. 

Glen Flora, nearly one mile north of Wauke- 
gan, is so intimately connected therewith, that we 
must treat it as a portion of that city. 

Let us mention here, that wc have no intention 
of detracting from the merits of other watering 
places; our only desire is to show, by a fair and 
candid comparison, that we have, within thirty-five 
miles of Chicago, all the attractions, and valuable 




tkhart Lake, Wis.— page I 15. 

From "Swartz.'* 

mineral springs, which can be reached with far less 
expenditure of time and money, than can other like 
attractions offered in this country. The Glen Flora 
Mineral Springs have not until lately been submit- 
ted to thorough analysis. The waters, which have 
been for perhaps untold ages gurgling from their 
cool, rocky depths, and flowing in miniature rivu- 
lets into Lake Michigan, have been, in a quiet way, 
doing good to many inhabitants of this pliice ; but 
not until last year was the true nature of these 
waters proven beyond question by scienliflc analy- 
sis. Let us compare this analysis with that of 
the, so far, most noted mineral spring of the 
West— the Bethesda, of Wnukosha, Wis. It will 
be seen by the figures of Prof. Bhmey, who has 
made several most minute and careful calculations, 
that the Glen Flora Mineral Springs arc, in all 
the valuable health-giving, restorative ingredients, 



106 



The North and West Illustrated. 



far superior to the " Betheuda." Ilere are the two 
analj'ses : 

Analysis of the Glen Flora Spring Water. 
The following is the result of the analysis by Prof. 
Jas. v. Z. Blaney & Son, of a specimen of water 
from ''Glen Flora" Miueral Springs. One U. S. 
gallon of 231 cubic inches, contained — 

Chloride of Sodium 183 grains. 

Sulphate of Soda 1.852 " 

Bicarbonate of Soda 6.447 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 15.568 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 11.091 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron 115 " 

Alumina 151 " 

Silica 9U~ " 

Organic Matter 100 " 

Sulphur, a trace. 

Total 36.414 grains. 




The State Capitol, Sacramento, Cal.— page 30. 

Analysis of the Bethesda Spring Water. 

Chloride of Sodium 1.160 grains. 

Sulphate of Poiassa 454 

Sulphate of Sodium 542 

Bicarbonate of Lime 17.022 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 12. .388 

Bicarbonate of Iron 042 

Bicarbonate of Soda 1.256 

Phosphate of Soda, a trace. 

Alumina 122 

Silica 741 

Organic Matter 1.983 

Total 35.710 grains. 

The Glen Flora Springs are easy of access. About 
sixteen trains pass and repass between the cities of 
Chicago and Milwaukee daily. The railroad station 
named "Glen Flora," now completed, is only 
about one-quarter of a mile from the springs, which 
are reached by a newly graded road, leading up the 
bluff in close proximity to the springs. The loca- 
tion of Glen Flora Mineral Springs, for picturesque 
beauty and romantic surroundings, is unsurpassed 
in this country, and, indeed, in the world. They 
are nestled in a beautiful ravine or glen, originally 
named " Floral Glen," because of the profusion of 
beautiful \vild flowers which grow and thrive spon- 



taneously from end to end of its labyrinthian trace- 
ries. This glen has been, and is being, carefully 
sodded and terraced for long distances, by one of 
the most experienced of our western land.-icape 
gardeners, and while Nature has done wonders to 
make " Glen Flora" beautiful. Art and a liberal 
expenditure of money, are daily adding to the 
attractiveness of this soon-to-be most fashionable 
of watering places and summer resorts. 

An elegant and commodious hotel is now being 
erected, adjoining the springs, and will be ready for 
occupancy early in the summer of 1876. (See cut ol 
hotel.) 

2'he Waukegan Magneeian Mineral Springs. 
For a long time Waukegan has been the scene of 
singular cures, which have from time to time been 
effected through some unknown agency, and for tha 
most part attributed to the general healthfulness ot 
the place. Thes* 
undoubted restora- 
tions to health, cou 
pled with certai» 
legendary stories 
in which Waukegan 
was, according to 
Indian tradition, 
the seat of certain 
medicine watery 
led John F. Powell 
to submit some cfc 
the magnesia spring 
water for analy.-*is, 
to the well known 
analytical chem- 
ists, Professors Jas. 
V. Z. Blaney & Son, 
of Chicago, when 
it was proved that 
one U. S. gallon of 
231 cubic inches, 
contained 48.811 
grains of solid matter, as follows : 

Chloride of Sodium 1 .876 grains. 

Sulphate of Soda 5.796 

Sulphate of Lime 7.412 " 

Bicarbonate of Lime 15 . 537 " 

Bicarbonate of Magnesia 17 276 " 

Bicarbonate of Iron 136 " 

Alumnia 230 " 

Silica ... 359 

Organic Matter 189 " 

Chloride Potassium traces. 



Grains per gallon 48. 811 

To those acquainted ^^^th the properties of mine- 
ral waters, the above statement will be a sufficient 
proof of the excellence of Magnesia Springs, as it 
shows them to be in many respects the best yet 
analyzed in America. To those unacquainted with 
the nature of the different ingredients which, when 
combined, give to water its wonderful curative vir- 
tues, we would briefly say that all authorities agree 
in recognizing bicarbonates as the most important 
elements in the medicinal combination of mineral 
waters, and that by comparing for themselves the 
Magnesia with other springs, they will find that the 
Waukegan has a far larger amount of bicarbonates 
than any other spring yet analyzed. In organic 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



107 



matter, Bethesda Springs have 1 grain and 983-1000, 
or nearly two grains of this undesirable ingredient, 
to Waukegan Magnesia's 189-1000 of a grain. 

These springs are three-quarters of a mile south- 
■west of the depot at Waukegan. 

The McAllister Springs. 

The McAllister Springs are situated in the south- 
em part of the city, one mile south of our depot at 
Waukegan, and are the property of Judge W. K. 
McAllister; they consist of a cluster of iive springs, 
all in close proximity, and remarkable for showing 
a vast difference in their analysis, and consequently 
adapted to various diseases. The grounds about the 
Springs are beautiful and the location desirable. 

Spring No. 3 is in its mineral combinations almost 
identical with the celebrated Bethesda Spring of 

Analysis of the McAllister Mineral Springs, Waukegan, Illinois. The analysis of Springs Nos. 1 and 2 
made by Prof. Bartlett, and Springs Nos. 3, 4 and 5, by Prof. Blaney, of Chicago. One U. S. gallon, 
expressed as anhydrous compounds, contains : 



Waukesha, only that it contains more of the sul- 
phates of soda and potassa, more iron, and less 
organic matter, which must add to, rather than 
detract from, its value. 

Spring No. 5 contains sulphureted hydrogen, in 
addition to its other valuable ingredients. 

Spring No. 1 is recommended for the cure of 
rheumatism, Bright's disease, gravel, kidney com- 
plaints, dyspepsia and gout. 

No. 2 for liver complaints, dyspepsia and chronic 
constipation. 

Nos. 3 and 4 for costiveness, general debility, 
dyspepsia, heartburn, etc. 

No. 5 for diseases of the blood, scrofula, blotches, 
eruptions, acidity of the stomach, etc. 

The water is entirely free at the Springs. 





Spring 

No. 1. 


Spring 
No. 2. 


Spring 
No. 3. 


Spring 
No. 4. 


Spring 
No. 5. 




GRA.NS. 


GRAINS. 


GKMN|. 


"0^737 


GRAINS. 

0.354 




0.943 

1.193 

a trace 


1.401 

0.451 
0.416 




Sulphate of Soda 


3.665 
0.581 
0.470 
17.574 
11.541 


0.859 
0.253 
1.605 
15.511 
10.988 


2.268 




0.320 








18.810 
9.561 
2.229 


19.597 
9.961 

2.877 


12.737 




6.537 






Bicarbonate of Iron 


0.108 


0.162 


0.091 




094 


0.071 










4.357 


Silica 


0.659 


0.842 


0.870 
0.146 
0.530 


0.940 

0.100 

a trace. 


0.950 


Alumina 


0.215 








0.180 










Total 


83.489 


85.616 


36.947 


31.155 


28.009 



Spring No. 1 contains 1 cubic inch free carbonic 
eulphareted hydrogen. 

The Sag-au-nash Springs are located in the cen- 
tral part of the city. Their analysis shows a large 
amount of magnesia and other valuable properties. 

Benton, 40 miles from Chicago, and State 
liine, 45 miles, are not of large importance as sta- 
tions. At State Line, Spring Bluff post office, there 
are two cheese factories, a butter factory, two 
churches, and one hotel. Before the consolidation 
of the Milwaukee & Chicago and the Chicago & 
Milwaukee raUroads, as the two lines that now form 
the route between Milwaukee & Chica'40 were 
formerly called, State Line was the junction, and 
here all passengers were forced to change cars, 
and all freight to be transferred. 

Kenoslia is 51 miles from Chicago, and across 
the State line in Wisconsin. It is the county seat 
of Kenosha county, which was separated from Ra- 
cine county, and organized in 1850, and now has 
20,000 population. It is a county of lakes, and has 
many, from one to two miles wide. Silver, Pad- 
docks, Camp, Centre, Lily, Powers and Twin lakes 
are the largest. On Twin lake is a pleasure steamer 
—The Lady of the Lake— that during the summer 
season carries tourists around its shores. , The city 
of Kenosha has 6,000 population, and three .\meri- 
can and one German public schools. Kemper Hall 
school, for boys, an Episcopal educiitioiial insti- 
tution, is on the lake shore, and has a girls' school 



acid gas. Spring No. 5 contains .019 cubic inch 

connected with it; it has a beautifdl location and is 
in a flourishing condition. Kenosha Water Cure is a 
noted water cure hotel, with 80 rooms. The Sanit a- 
riumof Dr. Gatchell, a noted curative institution, is 
IX miles from the station. Kenosha is the head- 
quarters of several large manufacturing establish- 
ments, among which the Bain Wagon Company em- 
ploys 200 men, and makes 16 complete wagons each 
working hour. Flour, leather, hay presses, tow, malt 
mills, wind mills, telegraph insulators, etc., are 
largely manufactured here. The fisheries off Ke- 
nosha give constant employment to 300 men. 

Racine Junction, 60 miles from Chicago, and 
Racine, 62 miles, form a flourishing city of 14,000 
people. Racine is the county seat of Racine county, 
which has a population of 29,000. As a manufac- 
turing point Racine is not excelled by any in the 
State. J. I. Case & Co. 's threshing machine works, 
cover 11 acres of ground and employ 375 men, and 
make 1,700 threshing machines yearly: they pay 
for wages, $.350,000; for cast iron, $130,000; wrought 
iron, $115,000; lumber, $90,000; belting, $.50,000, and 
for postage stamps $2,000, yearly. Fish Brothers, 
in their wagon works, employ 220 men, and make 
7,000 wagons yearly. Mitchell, Lewis & Co. em- 
ploy 200 men. and make 6,000 wagons yearly: the 
Racine Woolen Mills employ 90 men; Blake & Co. 
in their mills manufacture cloths and shawls ; 



108 



TiiK North and West Illustrated. 



Freeman & Smith, and the Racine Hardware Com- 
pany, munufactare florists' iron goods and light 
hardware; Stephen Freeman manufactures engines, 
castings, etc. ; Driver <fc Son make sash, doors and 
blinds; Windship & Co. malie pumps and washing 
machines; John Becli has a largo boot and shoe 
factory, and two other concerns also employ a large 
number of men in the same line. In the city are 
six ward schools ; Col. J. G. McMynn has a flue 
academy; the Uomau Catholics have several good 
schools, one by the Sisters of the St. Dominico 
Order being especially noted. Racine College, 
under Episcopal government, has 200 students. 
Twenty-five churches furnish sectarian variety to 



are made; it also has a butter factory, a gooi 
school, and a fine farming country around it. 

St. Francis, 81 miles from Chicago, is the seat 
of a thriving and unusually popular Roman Catholic 
college. It has a full corps of professors and - 
tutors, and a large list of students. Its popularity 
is so great that large additions are now being made 
to its already ample buildings. 

Bay View, 83 miles from Chicago, is merely a 
suburb of Milwaukee, and is the seat of vast iron 
mills, furnaces, etc. 

Milwaukee. 

Cities, says an eminent writer, have always been. 




View of Cliff House and Seal Rocks, ofT San Francisco. 



please all. The Taylor Orphan Asylum is a meri- 
torious enterprise of Racine. Two jmblic h;ills — 
The Belle City and The Garner— present ample 
Beating accommodations for the visitors to thcntre, 
concert or show. Con!!:rcss Hall, The Iluggins 
Houseand The Boutonllouse arc the leading hotels. 
The citizens of Racine have $'^00,000 invested in 
sailing and steam vessels on Lake Michigan. Root 
river, which is crossed by two bridjes, flows through 
the city; three miles from its mouth are the Rapids, 
on which arc located flour mills, and, near by, ex- 
tensive lime kilns. 

Ivos, County Line, and Oak Creek, are un- 
important stations to the stranger making a tour 
over the line. At the last-named station millions 
of tho celebrated cream-colored, Milwaukee brick 



the fire-places of civilization, whence light and 
heat radiated out into the dark, cold world, and the 
uniin of men in large masses is indispensable to the 
development and growth of mankind. 

Fifty years ago, and all there then was of the 
now prosperous and beautiful cily of Milwaukee — 
lowland, shore and forest— was in the undisputed 
possession of the red man. It seems truly incred- 
ible. We look upon the picture and try vainly to 
realize that here he chased the wild deer in a right 
royal hunting ground, as boundless as the West 
itself, and fished about the wide bay orfloated with 
the current through the crooked ways of the rivers 
that still run like the tangled threads of a knotted 
skein, and in his crude fasliion made war continu- 
ally on the teeming life about him; and the Indian 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



109 



-woman prepared for the midday or evening meal of 
lier master a primitive dish, and he ate witli a zest 
born of the healthful breezes grown pure and tonic 
In their wide sweep over the waters of Lake 

Michigan. 

The first white man to 
invade this beautiful re- 
treat of the Indian was 
Solomon Juneau. He 
•came here in the autumn 
of 1818, and built him a 
log cabin, which gradually 
assumed the distinctive 
features of a sto"re, in 
-which he kept a few goods 
Buitablo for barter. For 
seventeen years he was not 
only the only merchant in 
the place, but the only 
■white settler. A few In- 
dian traders occasionally 
^jame, but none made a 
permanent location. 

Unquestionable evi- 

dences of the wonderful 
•changes that have been 
-wrought in a few short 
years are shown in the 
illustrations published 
herewith. (?p. 102, 103). 

Milwaukee is the com- 
mercial emporium of the » 
State of Wisconsin, and | 
one of the most important » 
cities, in many respects, in r" 
the Northwest. It has a jj 
population of about ' 
100,000 ; built largely of 
'the famous cream-colored 
Milwaukee brick, which 
are produced here in large 
■quantities. The situation 
•of the city at the mouth of 
Milwaukee river, is very 
pleasant and attractive. 
•The river furnishes one of 
the best and most commo- 
dious bays and harbors on 
the lakes. 

As a place of residence, 
this city has become no- 
ted for its healthful cli- 
mate and the medicinal 
•qualities of its springs, 
-which invalids avail them- 
selves of. The residence 
portion of the city is from 
fifty to one hundred feet 
above the level of the 
lake, overlooking that 
beautiful sheet of water, 
and with its clean, dry 
streets, beautifully laid out grounds and yards, pre- 
sents an attractive appearance to the traveler as 
he approaches it on this railroad. Many of the 
pul)lic bnildinL's and business blocks are massive 
and elegant, and many of the residences fine — all 
indicating wealth, enterprise and refinement. 



This city is most delightfully situated on tho 
western shore of Lake Michigan, on a magnificent 
bay, formed by two projecting headlands, which 
make a safe and extensive harbor. It is regularly 
laid out ; the streets are wide, and arc lined with 




buildings eminently adapted for al) the require- 
ments of so extensive a place. The business part 
of the city lies on either side of the river, and fol- 
lows it up closely for over two miles. As you go 
back from the river you find yourself gradually 
ascending, till you stand on an elevation of tonsid- 



110 



The North and West Illustrated. 



erable height, and can see the city spread out at 
your feet. The streets have a gradual rise, there- 
fore, as you recede from the river, and when you 
come to the lake shore you stand on a high bluff. 
The healthfulness of the city is something remark- 
able. Its location, the cleanliness of the streets, 
the admirable sanitary regulations, which are strin- 
gently enforced, iind the intelligence of the peo- 
ple, all combine to prevent any disease from ob- 
taining a foothold, and to keep at a distance those 
epidemics which so frequently prevail inlarge cities. 
The cream-colored bricks, together with the width 
of the streets, give the place a nioi~t charming and 
delightful look, alVonliiiL' a pli';i<ii\" vniiiitiun to 



dred rooms, airy and spacious, and fitted up in the 
most thorough and complete manner. The Plank- 
inton House is another of Milwaukee's first class 
hotels. It is pleasantly located on Spring street, 
and will be found by visitors to be unexcelled by 
any house in the country. It can accommodate 
three hundred visitors. 

Lake Dells, a beautiful summer place, with its 
charming little Swiss cottage and arbor on the 
shore, will give the reader but a faint idea of the 
peculiar beauty of this section, towards which so 
much attention has been recently directed by those 
in search of sites for suburban residences or sum- 
mer homes. During a few years past numbers of 




In the Yosemlte 

the monotonous rows of glaring red bricks met 
with in the large Eastern cities. As a summer 
resort, Milwaukee possesses many peculiar attrac- 
tions, that are every year becoming more w idely 
known, and that specially commend it to those 
who seek re.^t imd recuperation diriiij; th( hot 
months of the year. Situated on the banks of a 
beautiful lake, it is fanned by the invigorating 
breezes that pour in an almost continual current over 
the broad waters. These bring relief and comfort, 
even in the hottest seasons. The hotel accommo- 
dations are of the very finest character. 

The Ncwhall is centrally located in the heart of 
the business part of the city, on Broadway, corner 
of Michigan street. The house contains three hua- 



-pages 36-38. 

re.-idencis and cottages have been built upon the 
summit of the bluff, or on the plateau beneath. 
The illustration is from a photograph from Lake 
View, looking north, and embraces Ferny Brae, 
Lake Dells, Fern Kaviiie, and Kocky Point— all 
beautiful place?. Lake Avenue, the famous drive 
of Milwaukee, runs through and by tlie>e places, 
to Whitefish Bay, Ave miles or more from the city, 
and most of the distunce upon the high bhifl" over- 
looking the lake, making a most charming summer 
drive. For much of the distance the hill-lops above 
these lowlands are covered with growths of wood, 
partially hiding from the avenue the beauties of the 
low grounds, with the exception of an occasional 
opening made by the crossing of a ravine. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



Ill 



No piace can be more favorable for a summer res- 
idence than the plateaus of the north shore. Shut 
out from the afternoon sun by the high wooded 
hills in the rear, with the charming and extended 
sea-view in front, with cooling lake breezes through- 
out the day, and every opportunity for sailing, fish- 
ing or bathing, enchanting rambles on sandy beach 
or through wild ravines, and unsurpassed drives, 
with the bustling city only a few miles away, j-et as 
entirely isolated from it as if in the Adirondacks. 
The sea-view from early dawn to sunset is beautiful, 
changing with the hours of the day, caused by the 
varying direction of the sun's rays upon the water, 
giving them a variety of brilliant tints or sombre 




back upon the lake, tinge the waters as well as the 
sail in the otiing with their own brilliant colors, 
making a picture so beautiful we wish it might 
never fade. 

During the late summer and early fall months, the 
temperature of the water is delightful for bathing, 
averaging in the shallow bay off Lake Dells, by ac- 
tual test and record, 68'^ to 72°, while the descent 
of the shore is so gradual, that at two thousand feet 
out, the sounding showed but eleven feet of water, 
the whole distance being a gradually sloping sandy 
bottom. Ko dust or mosquitoes are found upoa 
the lower ground, from the fact that the avenue is 
too far distant to furnish the former, and the 



=3a^ 




In the Yosemlto.— pages 36—38. 



breezes of the lake too cool for the latter. Another 
attraction of this location consists in the many 
drives descending the hillside, on the margin of the 
lake, or winding under the overarching trei s through 
ravines, affording from various points new and ex- 
tended lake views. 



hues. The picture is greatly enhanced by the large 
number of sail and steamers constantly in sight, 
engaged in the commerce of the lakes, the course of 
most of the passingvesselsbeingbuta mile distant. 
The splendor of the morning sky as the sun rises 
from the lake, is only surpassed by tlie beauty of 
our Western sunset, whose golden hues, reflected 

If you do not desire to remain at Milwaukee, you can, in the same cars that brought 
you from Chicago, push on to or towards Fond du Lac, by the Fond du Lac Air Line, 
an extension to the Milwaukee Division, that was opened for business two years ago. 
It shortens the distance between Chicago and Fond du Lac, and points north on the 
Wisconsin Division, many miles, and secures to pa.ssengcrs a choice of routes — to come 
via the line we have just described, and via Milwaukee, or to take the old route, via 



112 



The North axd West Illustrated. 



Janesville. Tickets to Pond du Lac, or beyond, are good by either route. Leaving Mil- 
waukee from our depot on the lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, where is 
found an admirably well kept hotel. The Lake View, and a dining hall and ealinghouse, 
under the management of J. Y. Ross, that vies with any in the land, we pass Lake 
Shore Junction and Lindwerm, and reach, at 100 miles from Chicago, the village 
and station of Granville. Menomonee Falls is 3 miles distant, and is reached by 

stage ; fare, !f> ''ts. 

AVest Bend, 119 milcB 
from t'hicago, has a popu- 
lation of 1,500, and ie the 
county seat of Washington 
county, which has a pnpa- 
lation of 23,000. The vil- 
lage has good schools, one 
bank, two newspapers, two 
rrrain elevators, several 
breweries, making lager 
beer that rivals that made 
at Milwaukee ; two flour 
mills, each with four run of 
stone, and seven churclies. 
Its court house i* built of 
wood; it has a good public 
hall, and one hotel that 
can accommodate 200 
guests. The village is built 
on the west bank of the 
Milwaukee river, and the 
station house is on the east 
bank. Young America, 
Mayfield, Filmore, Bolton- 
ville, Kohlsville, and Au- 
rora, are tributary villages. 
Harton is one mile from 
West Bend, and is built in 
a valley between two high 
hills. It has many pictu- 
resque aspects. The vil- 
lage contains three hotels, 
a fine school, two churches, 
and a lodge of Good Tem- 
plars. 

Kewaskum ie 127 miles 
from Chicago, and has a 
large grain trade. Three 
elevators are kept busy, 
one of them being the 
largest in the State, out- 
side of Milwaukee. The 
population of the village 
and surroundings is largely 
German. 

Now Cas§el, 133 miles 
from Chicago, is situated 
in the southeast part of Fond du Lac county, 16 
miles from Fond du Lac, and 47 miles from Milwau- 
kee, in a rich farming country. The Milwaukee 
river passes through the eastern part of the village, 
furnishing good water power ; the railr 'ad passes 
through the western part. Surrounded by a beau- 
tiful forest on the north, and a chain of gentle ele- 
vations on the south, among the hills and valleys 
lies one of nature's parks. Its population is 500, a 
gain of :i(K) since the railroad started. There are 
four churches, a convent, and an academy for 
young ladles, and a good district school. The 




Salt Lake and Vicinity, pages 33, 34. 

RockapUl. lately Oermantoivn.ie 107 miles from 
Chicago, and has two grain elevators, and a fine 
business in bniklitig stone. Dkeinsville is 1!4 miles 
off, and is the headquarters of the Gormantown 
Insurance Company, which has $300,000 capital, 
and writes 3,000 policies yearly. Menomonee Falls, 
a pleasant summer resort, is ti miles off. 

Jackson is 112 miles from Chicago, and has 500 
inhabitants, most of whom are Germans. It has 
three flour mills, a woolen mill, and two churches. 
Mayfield, 1!', miles, and Cler.r Creeic. on a lake of 
the same name, 3 miles distant, are tributary villages. 



The Chicago & North-Western Railway. 



113 



sides, presents a scene more resembling the fine 
tints and groupings of a splendid picture, than the 
substantial reality that is here. 

Eden is 140 miles from Chicago, and by this route 
Fond du Lac 148 miles, or 28 miles less than via 
Janesville 



manufactories of the place are unimportant, except 
the flouring mills of J. H. Reysen, the brewery of 
John P. Ilusting, and cheese factories of H. Schroot- 
en and Robert Miller. There are three good hotels 
—The Adams House, by A. Holzhoure, The Railroad 
House, by J. Degenhardt, and The New Cassel Ho 
tel, by P. Schoofs. The 
villages of Dundee and 
Eblesville are each 7 
miles, Waucousta 5 miles, 
and Lomira Centre 8 
miles from the station; 
Lake Fifteen is 3 miles, 
and Lotig Lake is 7 miles Z 
distant. They have many § 
attractions, and will soon IW 
become justly popular as ^ 
summer resorts. A large _ 
variety of game and fish o 
are found in those sec- % 
tions. OnBannon's farmi " 
jis al.so on Dierrenger s, 3 
one mile from New Cas- o \\ 
•sel, may be found Indian E 
mounds, embankments, jj 
ditches, etc., laid out with Ig 
great precision, showing - 
that the builders had con- ^ 
siderable knowledge of c 
military science. Around ^ 
New Cassel the country g 
is gently undulating, with - 
ascents and declivities 
of vaiious heights and 5 
depths. The forests are § 
oomposed of sugar maple, * 
basswood, elm, black and o 
white ash, red oak, hick- 9) 
ory, and butternut. The » 
soil is a deep, black, — 
sandy loam, with a mix- ^ 
ture of marl, and subsoil << 
of reddish clay. The first '| 
house was built in New 'g 
Cassel in 1843, and the K 
first school taught in 1848. _ 
The surroundings of New 0) 
Cassel are admitted by 
All who have seen them, 
to be unrivaled. Its roll- 
ing and fertile land, dotted 
■with neat farmhouses, 
and the rich foliage of its 
woods and skirted bUl- 

UP THE LAKE SHORE. 
On reaching Milwaukee, you can proceed up the lake by taking, at our depot on the 
lake front, at the lake end of Wisconsin street, the cars of the Miiavaukee, Lake Siiokk 
& Western Railway that passes through Port Washington, Belgium, Shehoiigan, Man- 
itowoc, to Two Rivers. All these are aclive business cities, and besides having the rail- 
road, are on the lake shore, and thus have unusual facilities for shipping thi ir products 

Sheboypan, Wisconsin, the county seat of She- 
boygan couniy, is a thriving manufacturing city of 
about 7,000 inhabitimts. It is tVie eastern terminus 
of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lie Railway, and is 
the most important station on the line of the Mil- 
waukee, Lake bhore & Western Kailway north of 



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Milwaukee. The former of these roads makes 
close connections with the Wisconsin Division of 
the Chicago & North- Western Railway at Fond du 
Lac, and the latter is practically an extension of the 
Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & North-Weat- 
ern Kailway. 



114 



The North and West Illustraivd. 



Sheboygan is one of the most delightful summer 
resorts in the West. It is beautifully located upon 
a bluff overlooking Lake Michigan, whose azure 
waters, moving perpetually, and here and there dot- 
ted with sails, are a coui^tunt source of amusement 
to the eye ; while in the background lies a land- 
scape of rare beauty— hills clad with the richest 
verdure, groves of native forest trees, and fields of 
waving grain. The Sheboygan river Hows down one 
of the most picturesque valleys in the State, winds 
nearly half way round the city, and finally empties 
into the lake south of the residence portion of the 
place, affording a safe and convenient harbor. The 
city itself presents a most attractive appearance. 
It is tastefully laid out; its streets are wide and 
well shaded with oaks, maples and evergreens ; its 
business houses are mainly built of cream-colored 
brick. The court house is one of the finest struc- 
tures of the kind in Wisconsin. In walking about 
the city, one is struck with the scrupulous neatness 
of the streets, and the evidences of thrift, prosperity 
and refinement that are beheld on every hand. The 
society of Sheboygan is excellent, and (especially 
(luring the summer months) parties, concerts, and 
entertainments of various kinds are frequent. The 
city is well supplied with churches, and boasts sev- 
eral talented preachers. The river affords unsur- 
passed opportunities for rowing, while the lake is a 
favorite resort for those who enjoy sailing. Pleas- 
ure boats of all kinds may be had here. The fish, 
ing is good ; the fisheries off Sheboygan are among 
the most important on Lake Michigan, and a sum- 
mer day can hardly be more pleasantly spent than 
in visiting them in one of the steam fishing smacks. 
The drives in the vicinity of the city are fine. This 
is especially true of the drive up the river five miles, 

Comparative 



to the charming village of Sheboygan Falls. But,, 
after all, the chief attractions which Sheboygan 
holds out to the summer tourist, are the healthful- 
ness and coolness of its climate. Lying, as it does, 
ten miles out in the lake, it is fanned by deliciously 
cool and invigorating lake breezes from the north, 
east and south, and consequently, the intensely hot 
weather that prevails in the interior during the sum- 
mer months, is unknown here. The Beekman 
House is Sheboygan's ijriucipal hotel. It is well 
furnished, and is capable of accommodating one 
hundred guests. 

A recent acquisition is the discovery of nnusnally 
valuable remedial qualities in the waters of an ar- 
tesian well that has been sunk here. Its waters 
are strongly impregnated with various salts, and 
an analysis shows elements of rare value. Th& 
water is free to all comers. 

This well is located in the public park of the city 
of Sheboygan, and is 1,475 feet deep— 92 feet being 
through the drift. It has been tubed a distance of 
450 feet, below which no rifts were found in the 
rock. The well discharges two hundred and forty 
gallons of- water per minute, at a temperature of 
58 deg. Fahr. 

An analysis of the water shows that it is remark- 
ably rich in salts ; nothing of the same character 
having Ixeen found in the West. During ihe short 
time it has been used it has been found beneficial 
as a bath or internally. 

Annexed is an analysis as made by Prof. Bode, 
of Milwaukee, in December, 1875. An analysis of 
the waters of the Congress Spring, Saratoga, Sha- 
ron Springs, New York, Kissingeu and Krenznach, 
of Germany, is also added for the purpose of com- 
parison, to which your attention is called. 

Analtsis. 



Ome Wink Pint contains Solids 


Shsbotgan, 

Wisconsin. 

Temperature, 

68 deg. Kahr. 


CoSOREBB, 

New York. 
Temperature, 
62 deg. Fahr. 


Shakon. 
New York. 
Temperature, 
48 deg. Fahr. 


KiSSlNGBV, 

Temperature, 
61 deg. Fahr. 


Krsi-inach, 

Germany. 

Temperature, 

S4X deg. Fahr. 


Soda, Carbonate 




0.934 

0.002 


















" Nitrate 






6. 07 
44.71 
Trace. 

0.06 




Sodium, Chloride 


45.9.56 
0.003 
0.132 


50.0.55 
0.017 
1.069 


0.28 


72.88a 
















0.278 


" Iodide.-. 










0.035 








0.30 








0.048 
11.166 


9.019 




0.106 




5.30 


4.50 
2.33 
0.24 




" Chloride 




4.071 






0.031 






" Sulphate 


0.093 
0.187 
9.518 








12.449 




8.14 
2.99 
0.04 


1.698 




13.95 










Calcium, Chloride 


13.603 






13.389 




Trace. 












0.28 






Pntassinm, Chlnride 


1.238 


1.006 
0.111 
0.374 


2.20 


0.624 


















" Chloride 


0.003 




0.15 


o.6ia 




Trnce. 

0.095 

Trace. 


















0.137 














0.025 


Silica 


C.091 


0.105 
Trace. 




0.09 


0.129 


















82.235 


75.267 


20.11 


65.62 


93.846 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



US 



now and then peep through forest vistas, aflfording 
to the eye, as it feasts upon the varying charms, 
a most pleasing variety. The Swiss Cottage is a 
large hotel, and has 400 feet of wide veranda, and 
pleasant walks and drives. A steamboat and barge, 
sail and row-boats, are run to convey passengers to 
any part of the lake desired. About twenty rods 
from the hotel is a pavilion for dancing. There are 
neither house flies nor mosquitoes here to trouble 

the visitor. Talmage, Davison, and 

Sharp, have, in this vicinity, good farm houses, 
well adapted for boarding summer visitors. 



From Sheboygan, the popular summer resorts 
along the line of the Sheboygan & Fond du Lac 
Railway may be easily reached. It is only an hour's 
ride from Sheboygan to beautiful Elkhart Lake ; 
a three hours' ride to the famous mineral springs 
at Fond du Lac ; and a five hours' ride to that gem 
of Wisconsin scenery, Green Lake. 

Elkhart Lake. 

Wisconsin is famous for her beautiful lakes, the 
annual resort of thousands of people in quest of 
health and pleasure. Among the loveliest of 
these is Lake Elkhart, 
acknowledged to be one 
of the healthiest places 
in the West. It is fifty- 
seven miles north of 
Milwaukee, and can be 
reached by the Chicago 
& North-Westem Rail- 
way and its immediate 
connection, the Sheboy- 
gan & Fond du Lac 
Railway. The station, 
Glenbeulah, is three 
miles from the lake. 
Omnibuses run to the 
hotels from all the trains 
arriving at this station. 

Elkhart Lake covers 
about eight hundred 
acres, and is pleasingly 
diversified by bays, 
which coquettishly wind 
around jutting blufi's, 
beneath whose shades 
the crystal water slum- 
bers, so pure and clear 
that the white sand and 
gravel of the lake bottom 
can be plainly seen at a 
depth of twenty to 
twenty-five feet. All 
the brilliant colors of 
the rainbow are reflected 
on the smooth and spark- 
ling surface of the water, 
and bordered by a beau- 
tiful green, reflected 
from the foliage of the 
hillside. As viewed from 
the elevated veranda of 
Marsh's Swiss Cottage, 
the scene is beautiful 
beyond description. The 
hills that surround the 
lake are verdant with 
pine, spruce, maple, bass- 
wood, red and white ce- 
dar; while wheat fields 

FROM KEN08IIA, WIS., TO ROCKFORD, ILL. 

Running across the northern portion of the State of Illinois and a part of Wisconsin, 
is a line of railroad owned by this Company, that is known as the Kenosha and Rock- 
ford Division. It is 40 miles long, and runs through a charming farming country. It 
traverses the famous dairy district of Illinois, and its trains pass within a short distance 




116 The North and West Illustrated. 

of many beautiful lakes, full of fish, and surrounded by a highly cultivated country. 
Leaving Kenosha, we successively pass Pleasant Prairie, WooDwoRTn, Bristol, 
8AX.EM, Fox River, Bassetts, Genoa Junction, where it crosses the Fox River Di- 
vision, as before related ; Hebron, Alden, Hara^ard, where it crosses the Wisconsin 
Division ; Chemung, Capron, Poplar Grove, South Caledonia, where it crosses 
the Madison Division ; Argyle, and Harlem, and reach Rockford and the Freeport 
Line. In most of these villages are cheese and butter factories, and more or less of other 
manufactures. Near Fox River are Silver and Lily lakes. Wilmot and Munst^r are 
tributary, and reached by stage. Brighton is two miles from Salem, and is reached by 
stage. Twin Lakes are one and a half miles from Bassetts. Alden is a strict tem- 
perance village, of 200 people. Parke Corners and BusscUville are tributary to Capron. 
A Scotch settlement surrounds Argyle, which was named for the Scotch duke of 
that title. Although off the main line of tourist travel, these villages are well worth a 
visit. They are mostly inhabited by New England people, and would strongly remind 
the Eastern visitor of the many similar, pleasant, homelike, quiet villages he has passed 
through in New England. 

CONCLUDING REMARKS. 

We have traversed with you the countrj^ along and tributary to most of the lines that 
together make up this great railway and its immediate allies and feeders, and we trust 
we have given you a not unfavorable opinion of its capabilities, usefulness, nay, indis- 
pensability, in its sphere, as one of the great roads that does its full share in conduct- 
ing the vast transportation interests of this Western Continent. 

After digesting the foregoing pages, brimful of facts as they are, and fully grasping 
the mileage of the road, the country that it covers, and the vastness of its resources, 
we feel sure that you will join with its older friends in desiring its future prosperity, 
and assisting in carrying that desire into fruition by lending to it your aid, comfort, 
and patronage. 

You can confidently recommend it for the following reasons : 

1st. Its great extent — its own lines covering important parts of five great States 
and one Territory, and its immediate connections covering an equally large area. It 
can carry you or your stores to a larger number of points than any other road in the 
country, and can serve you better on the journey than can other lines where you have 
to be subjected to changes of cars, changes of train men, and changes of local man- 
agement, as is the case when passing over many short lines or circuitous routes. 

2nd. Its well-known and everywhere-acknowledged excellence as regards its 
superb track, its safety in road bed, bridsjps, and everything that goes together to 
make up a perfect road ; its steel rails, full complement of ties to the mile, rock 
and gravel ballast, the constant vigilance of its employees, the courtesy and kindli- 
ness of its train enijiloyees— all tend to make it deserve and retain its good name. 
Pass along its main lines day or night, and especially at night, in fogs and storms, 
and you will see, of its army of 15,000 employees, ever-present sentinels watchful 
for vour safety, and for the safety, comfort and well-being of all its patrons. On no 
Toad in the world is the axiom. Eternal vigilance is the price of safety, more fully 
believed in and acted upon than on this. 

3rd. In the excellence of its steel track, perfect equipment, and thoroughly educated 
train force, positive assurance is given of great speed, coupled with great safety, com- 
fort, and certainty of arriving on time at destination. So great has been the certainty of 
trains being on time, that along its lines it has become a common saying, that you can 
set your watch by tlieir prompt arrival and departure at given points as per the time 
tables. To the business man, or to him who has to make certain connections at junc- 
tion points, the promptness of moving trains is of great importance, and on no road 
is tliis point kept more in view. The standing orders are, first, absolute safety, and 
second, making schedule time. 

4th. Its equipment is always kept abreast with the improvements and inventions 
of the day. For comfort its day coaches are unexcelled anywhere, and but seldom 
equaled. Its palace drawing room sleeping cars are the best in every sense that can 
be procured for money, and are as well served as years of experience have dictated 



The Chicago & North- Western Railway. 



lit 



the means or way. Between Chicago and several of its terminal stations, it is the 
only road that runs the celebrated Pullman palace drawing room sleeping cars, in 
which women and children can have a room to themselves, and be as isolated as in 
their homes. This is the case on its lines between Chicago and Council Bluffs, 
Chicago and St. Paul, Chicago and Milwaukee, Chicago and Freeport, Chicago and 
Dubuque and McGregor, Chicago and Madison, Sparta and Winona, and Chicago and 
Green Bay and Marquette. No matter what inferior and competing lines may adver- 
tise, by statements expressly prepared to deceive, yet this fact stands unquestioned,, 
none of them control or run them on their lines. 

5th. Miller's Pa- 
tent Safety Plat- 
form, Coupler and 
Buffer, are consider- 
ed to be indispensa- 
ble to the safety of 
the trains on this 
line. The Platform 
is an invention which 
stiffens the platforms 
of passenger cars so 
that they cannot be 
doubled up, and 
forms a safe path 
from one car to an- 
other. The Coupler 
admits of cars being 
firmly and quickly 
joined together with- 
out the aid of pins 
or links or any of the 
old appliances which 
required a man to 
place himself in a 
dangerous position 
whenever a coupling 
was to be made. 
The Buffer is a con- 
trivance which soft- 
ens the shock when 
cars are joined to- 
gether and holds 
them firmly joined, 
BO that the engineer 
cannot "get the 
slack" or "jerk" 
the train as he can 
with the old style of 
coupling. On trains 
fitted with these ap- 
pliances " telescop- 
ing" is impossible. 
The Westinghouse 
Air Brake with which 
this road is equip- 
ped, is an invention 
by which all the 
brakes on the train 

may be set and loosened in an instant by the hand of the engineer. A small air 
pump on the engine keeps constantly filled with compressed air a cylinder (also 
on the engine), from which cylinder run flexible tubes connecting with a smaller 
cylinder under each car, in which a piston is fitted which connects directly with the 
brakes. With the aid of this invention the engineer can stop a train so suddenly that 
collisions are almost impossible. On this road heavy safety chains are placed in pairs 
between the cars, and between the body and trucks of each car; the former to keep 
the train together in case anything should happen to the coupler; thelatter to prevent 




118 



The North axd West Illustkatep. 



the car from leaving the trucks in case the latter are off the track. The "Angle Bar 
Joint" adopted by this road is the latest and best known invention for joining together 
the ends of the rails, so that that they may be passed over as smoothly as any other part 
of the rail. It is a very expensive joint, but it is the best, and this road spares no 
expense that is necessary to procure the best of everything. Many other appliances 
looking towards the safety of its trains or the comfort of its patrons, are in daily use 
on the various lines of 'this road. 

6th. The almost ubiquity of its agents — general, local, or traveling — makes it 
extremely easy to get any information about its trains, its running time, the places it 

reaches, etc., etc. 
This is of no little 
importance to the 
traveler in a strange 
country, or to the 
one expecting to 
travel into an un- 
familiar locality. 
Ask almost any of 
the many thousands 
of railway ticket 
agents in the land 
for tickets via this 
road, and he will 
supply you, and 
give you valuable 
information. Ask 
for its advertising 
maps, time cards, 
pamphlets or books 
and you can get, 
freely and without 
cost, stores of facts 
that may be of great 
value to you. To 
those persons who 
are anticipating a 
trip overland from 
the Atlantic or the 
interior to the Pa, 
cific, or vice versa, 
and to those expect- 
ing to pass between 
Chicago and St. 
Paul, in either di- 
rection, we would 
especially com- 
mend the routes 
owned by this Com- 
pany. With the 
shortest lines, the 
best equipment, the 
most perfect track 
of steel rails, and 
the beauty of the 
country they pass 
through as com- 
pared with that of any other route, it is acknowledged that this stands head and 
shoulders above them all. On the map attached to this little book will be found full 
and elaborate time cards of most of the lines controlled by this corporation. The 
"time" there given is correct at the printing of these pages, but is liable to be 
changed at any time, and is now given only to show the present time that is made 
between the points named. Correct time cards are issued monthly or oftener. 




The Chicago & Noeth-Western" Railway. 



119 



BATES OF FARE BY THIS LINE. 

The rates of fare charged by or over this line for the transportation of passengers 
are and always will be as low as those given by any other line to the same points. On 
first class, second class, or emigrant tickets, this is true, as well as with prices charged 
for any cars that may be chartered for the transportation of passengers. Between 
loc;il stations of this line, as a rule, the following rates are charged per mile traveled : 
In Illinois, 3^ cents ; in Iowa, 3 cents ; in Wisconsin, 4 cents ; in Minnesota and 
Dakota, 4 cents ; and on the line of the northern peninsula of Michigan, 4 cents. To 
the more prominent through points, the present (April 1st, 1878 ) rates from Chicago 
are as follows : 



From CHICAGO to 



Ackley, Iowa 

Albany, Oregon 

Albert Lea, Minn 

Austin, Nev 

Austin, Minn 

Battle Mountain, Nev, 

Black Hawk, Col 

Blair, Neb 

Boise City, Idaho 

Carson, Nev 

Central City, Col 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 

Cheyenne, Wyo 

Colfax, Cal 

Colorado Springs, Col. 

Corinne, Utah 

Council Blui's, Iowa . 

Deadwood, Dakota 

Denver, Col 

Detroit, Minn 

DesMoines, Iowa 

Duluth, Minn 

Dubuque, Iowa 

Elko, Nev 

Elk Point, Dakota . . . , 

Evans, Col 

Fort Dodge, Iowa 

Fort Garry, Manitoba. 

Fremont, Neb 

Galena, 111 

Golden City, Col 

Grand Island, Neb. . 

Greeley, Col 

Helena, Montana. . . 

Hancock, Mich 

Houghton, Mich 

Idaho Springs, Col . . . 

Ispeming, Mich . 

Kearney Junction, Neb 

Kelton, Utah 

La Crosse, Wis 

L'Anse, Mich 

Lincoln, Neb 

McGregor, Iowa 

Madison, Wis 



First 


Second 


Emi- 


Class. 


Class. 


grant. 


$10.40 


$ 8 75 


$.. . 


145 00 


117 00 


71 50 


13 00 


11 25 




127 50 


104 50 


72 00 


12 85 


10 20 




111.00 


88 00 


55.50 


53 75 


45 75 


.35.75 


15 60 


13.30 




135.50 


121.50 


90.50 


117 00 


91 00 


58.50 


54.00 


46.00 


36.00 


7 40 


7.00 




47.00 


37.00 




115.00 


88.00 


55.50 


50 90 


43.00 


33 00 


95.25 


74.75 


54.75 


15.50 


12 50 




49.25 


, 


28.00 


50 90 


43.00 


33 00 


26 50 


22 25 




11 20 


10 75 




21.50 


17 25 




7.25 


5 75 




110. 35 


88 00 


55 50 


17.50 


14 25 




55.60 


46 20 




12 20 


11.50 




40 75 


26 00 




16.80 


14.50 




6 30 


5 25 




50.90 


43 00 


33 00 


23 70 


20 70 




56 00 


46 60 


33 00 


121 00 


103 00 


58.00 


18.10 


14 55 




18 10 


14.55 




54 00 


46 00 


36 00 


14 65 


11 10 




25 80 


22 80 




101.00 


80 50 


55.50 


10.25 


8.50 




16.60 


13.05 




18.75 


15.75 




8 75 


7.50 




4.90 


4 40 


.... 



From CHICAGO to 



Milwaukee, Wis. . 
Mankato, Minn.. .. 
Marquette, Mich. . 
Marysville, Cal . . . 
Mason City, Iowa. . 
Menasha, Wis. . . 
Mineral Point, Wis 
Minneapolis, Minn. 
Moorhead, Minn . . 
Negaunee, Mich 
New London, Wis.. 
New Ulm, Minn. . . 
North Platte, Neb . 

Ogden, Utah 

Omaha, Neb ... 
Owatonna, Minn . . 

Palisade, Nev 

Portl'd,Or.,via SanFr. 

" via Redding 

Prairie du Chien, Wis. 

Pueblo, Col 

Reno, Nev 

Ripon, Wis 

Sacramento, Cal 

San Francisco, Cal. . 

Salem, Oregon 

Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Sioux City, Iowa . . 

Sheboygan, Wis 

Sparta, Wis 

St. Cloud. Minn. .. 
Stevens' Point, Wis. 
Stockton, Cal ... . 

San Jose, Cal 

St. Paul, Minn 

St. Peter, Minn 

Truckee, Cal 

Umatilla, Ore 

Virginia City, Mont. 
Virginia City, Nev . . 
Walla Walla, W. T. . . 

Waterloo, Iowa 

Winona, Minn 

Wiener, Neb 

Yankton, Dak 



First 


Second 


Class. 


Class. 


$ 3 00 


$ 2 50 


16 30 


12 20 


15.10 


11 55 


116 00 


88 00 


11 95 


10 95 


6 75 


6 25 


6 55 


6 05 


15 50 


11 25 


27 50 


21 40 


14 55 


11 00 


7 70 


7 20 


17 70 


13 60 


30 55 


27.55 


93 50 


73 00 


16 00 


13 00 


14 .50 


10 40 


111 00 


88 00 


141 00 


113 00 


159 00 


131 00 


8.75 


7 50 


50 90 


43 00 


114.00 


88 00 


5 85 


5 35 


116 00 


88 00 


116.00 


m 00 


144 00 


116 00 


95 50 


75 CO 


16 25 


13.00 


5 00 


4 50 


9 20 


8 50 


18.80 


14 55 


9 25 


8 75 


116 00 


88 00 


116.00 


88 00 


15 25 


11.00 


16 50 


12 40 


115 00 


88 00 


141 00 


126.50 


121.00 


103.00 


117 50 


91 50 


141.00 


126 .50 


9 20 


7.75 


11 35 


9 50 


19.35 


17 05 


19.90 


16 65 



Emi- 
grant. 



55.50 



53 00 



55 50 
67.50 
98 50 



33. 00 
55.50 



55.50 
55 50 
70.50 
55.00 



55.50 
65.50 



55.50 
90.50 

58 00 

59 00 
90.50 



To points on the Union Pacific Railway and Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
way in Nebraska, Round Trip Land Explorers' Tickets are sold from Chicago at two 
(2) cents per mile each way, or two and a half (3^) cents westward only. 



SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS. 

In Effect August, 1877. 

The following table gives the time when it is lawful to shoot game or to take fish 
in the States this line of road runs through or is tributary to : 

COLORADO. 

Quail, or Virginia Partridge October let to November 15th. 

Prairie Chickens October let to November 15th. 

Wild Turkeys and Mountain Grouse October 1st to November 15th. 

'Goose, Duck, Curlew, Snipe and Plover May 15th to August 15th. 

Elk, Deer, Antelope and Mountain Sheep September let to January let 



120 Thb North and West Ili>ustrated : 

SYNOPSIS OF GAME LAWS-conlinued. 

MICHIGAN. 

Kk, Bnck, Doe or Fawn Aupngt Ist to DecembeE 15th. 

Wild Turkeys . October Ist to December 3l8t. 

Woodcock July 5th to December 3l8t. 

Prairie Chickens, Ruffled Groase, Pinnated Grouse, Partridge, Pheasant, 

Wood, Teal and Mallard Ducks, or any Water Fowl September let to December 3l8t> 

Quail, or Virjjinia Partridge October 1st to December 3l8t. 

Pigeons, not within five miles of nesting grounds At any time 

Speckled Trout May Ist to September Ist. 

Qrsyline; June Ist to November 1st. 

In Diamond and Stone lakes, fish may be taken only from May 1st to November Ist. 

CALIFORNIA. 
Partridge, Quails, Gronsc and Ducks September 15th to March 15th. 

Do do. in San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties, April 1st to August Ist. 
Elk, Deer and Antelope September 1st to January Ist. 

Do. do in Eldorado, Placer, Sierra and Siskiyou counties, August Ist to February Ist. 

Several other counticB have special game laws. 

IOWA, 

Grouse, or Prairie Chickens September 15th to December let. 

Woodcock July 10th to .fanuary Ist, 

KiitlU-(l (irouse. Wild Turkey, Pheasant, or Quail October 1st to January Ist. 

Wild Duck, Goose, or Brant August 15th to May 1st 

Bear, Elk. or Fawn September Ist to January 1st 

Beaver. Mink, Otter, or Muskrat November Ist to April let. 

None of the above can be trapped or caught at any time. 

The law prohibits ciitching or killing any fish, of whatever kind, in the waters of this State, except 
private waters, between March 1ft and June 15th, Brook Trout excepted. The closed season for 
Brook Trout and Salmon is November 1st to February 1st. The penalty is $10 for each fish found ii> 
possession. No person can use any seine, net. trotline, ont-line, or spear, or fish-dam, to catch fish 
The penalty is $25 for a violation of the law (Law of March, 1878 ) 

OREGON 

Deer. Elk, Moose July Ist to January 31st. 

Wild Sw.ui, and all kinds of Ducks July 3l8t to March 3l8t. 

Grouse, Pheasant and Sage Hen June 15th to March 3l8t. 

Quail, or Partridge ,. -. ,. .July 3l8t to March 3l8t. 

ILLINOIS. 
Deer. Wild Turkey, Prairie Chickens, Ruffled Grouse, Partridge, or 

Pheasant .September 1st to January 15th. 

Quail November 1st to February Ist. 

Woodcock . September Ist to January 1510. 

Wild Duck, Goose, Wilson Snipe, Brant, and other Water Fowl . . .August 15th to May Ist. 

NEVADA, 

Grouse, Sage Chickens, Prairie Chickens, Partridge, Pheasant, Wood 
cock, Wild Goose, Teal or other Ducks, Brant, Swan, Sand Hill 
Crane, Plover. Snipe, Curlew and Bittern September 1st to April let. 

Deer, Antelope, Elk, Mountain Sheep and Mountain Goat July Ist to January Ist. 

NEBRASKA. 

Buffalo, Elk, Mountain Sheep. Deer and Antelope . .October Ist to January 1st. 

Grouse, Wild Turkey and Quail At no time. 

MINNESOTA. 

Woodcock July 3rd to October Slst. 

Prairie Chickens and Grouse August 14th to October 3l8t. 

Quail, or Partridge September Ist to October 31et. 

Kufflod Grouse or Pheasant September 1st to November 30th. 

Deer and KIk November 1st to December 15th. 

Speckled Trout April Ist to September 30lh. 

WISCONSIN. 

Woodcock Joly 4th to November 15th. 

Pr.iirie Chickens, or Grouae August 15th to November 15th. 

(>uriil, Ruffled Grouse and Pheasant Sepiember 15lh to January ist. 

Ducks September 1st to February 1st. 

j)(.or SeptembtT 15th to December 15th. 

In Eau Claire, Chippewa, Dunn, Pepin, Buffalo and Trempealeau counties, Prairie Chickens and Part 
ridges may be killed from August 10th to November 15th. 

DAKOTA. 
The Game law says, that it shall be unlawful for any person, except on his own premises, and for hifr 
own use, and not for sale, trade or trafflc. to kill, ensnare, or trap, or in any way or manner de.stro) 
or pursue with such intent, any Quail, Prairie Chicken, or Grouse, between the let day of March and 
the l8t day of August, in each and «very year. 



THE CHICAGO & NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY 

Chicago and all points in Illinois, Wisconsin, Northern Michigan, Minnesota Iou,a IV^hr^.j.^ 
Caltforma, Oregon, China, Japan, Australia, and the Western Territo^e^ ^ehraska, 

San Francisco, Denver, Mlnneanolls Winnna t^v. . »«»»!.«/» ic». 

Sacramento Smaha. Cedar fiaplds St Pan?" Ishpeming. Stevens' Point. 

?^,^'t°V .... Council Bluffs Dubuquef ' Duluth ' Eefanaha' ?;"K°«"- 

Salt Lake City. Yankton. La Crosse, MarnupftP nS^oS^"' Madison, 

Cheyenne. Sioux City. PrairieYu Chlen. lSc!" ' Me'nasha^' ^'^T^^^' 

Are all on the line of this great road, or are reached by this direct route, and its Immediate connections 




On th, arrival of train, from the Ea.l or South, the train, of the Chicago 4 North-Western Railway leave CHICAGO as follow, ■ 

Blullii, Omaha, Denver and C.lifnrnia T„„ .1, u ... i. . p.,, n. ,!..,„. . i. ir . .r . , . . 

For Dubuque, via Freeport. Two train, flatly, with Pulln.an Palace Sleep- 
lug i^ars on nijEhi traiDs. • 

''°P.u"*'T* T^ h^ ^""'*' r'» Clinton. Two train, dally, with Pullman 
Palace Sleeping Car. on night train to McGregor, Iowa. 

ForSlouxClty ami Yankton. Two train, dally. Pullman Palao. Sleeolni 
CarsloMisiourl Valley Junction. unman raiao. Bleeping 

Fur Lake Geneva. Four trains dally. 



>r Council Bluff. Omaha, Denver and California, Two through train 
daily Pullman Hotel and Sleeping Car, through to Council bS 

Pal'ac:Ca'r,\"tUld":n^''b''<llhtrIir "'""^'' '"""^ •'-■>■''""' f"""-- 
Ca^rl'auaci;^,,!"'''"'"^"'*'''''- Two train, dally, with Pullman Pal.ace 

Iwo'tmlnf^Punm' 'r'""^^ Tl"' daily except Sunday. On Sunday. 
Lwo rain,. Pullman Car. on night train.. P.arlor Car, on day train, 

5i«Vin''g°^arfto'"vi'-;iU".i'od" Nrui.;;:'" *"'"' '""'■ ■-"'""- '•■^'- 



'L!^:::^:';;v<!t;::^:^ir^i;iT;. ■"'"'""" "-' »"■" p<"'»"- y" «• 



Pullman Hotel Cars 

ARE RUN ONLY WEST OF CHICAGO BY THE 

dl:\idk^olfXortl\-We^^tefr| %. 



THEY RUN DAILY BETWEEN 



Chicago and Council Bluffs. 

On this Line you take your Hotel along with you, and can enjoy all the luxuries 

of the season while trtiveling 

FORTY ]VEir.E:S I\.N HOXJFl 

Over'^the, Smoothest and Best Track there is in the West. 

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No other Road runs Pullman Hotel Cars, Pullman Dining Cars, or any other form of Hotel, 
Dining or Restaurant Cars THROUGH between Chicago and the Missouri River. On 
no other road can you get all the meals you require between Chicago and Omaha without 
leaving the cur you start in. This is the only line that has THROUGH eating cars of any 
.sort. The charges for berths in these elegant moving Hotels are the same as in any other 
Pullman Sleejiiug Car. For meals you are charged only for what you order, and their charges 
are very reasonable. 
MARVIN HUCHITT, W. A. THRALL, W. H. STENNETT, 

Oon'l Ticket Aeent, Chicago. 



General Man.is;er, Chicsgo. 



Oen'l Pass. Agent, Ctiicago. 



Rand, McNally & Co., Printers, 77 and 79 Madison St , Chicago. 








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